Improving the oral health of residents with intellectual and developmental disabilities: an oral health strategy and pilot study.

This article presents an oral health (OH) strategy and pilot study focusing on individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) living in group homes. The strategy consists of four components: (1) planned action in the form of the behavioral contract and caregiver OH action planning; (2) capacity building through didactic and observation learning training; (3) environmental adaptations consisting of additional oral heath devices and strategies to create a calm atmosphere; and (4) reinforcement by post-training coaching. A pilot study was conducted consisting of pre- and post-assessment data collected 1 week before and 1 week after implementing a 1-month OH strategy.

Biomimetic scaffolds facilitate healing of critical-sized segmental mandibular defects.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of biomimetic PLGA scaffolds, alone and in combination with bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), to heal a critical-sized segmental mandibular defect in a rat model.

Study Design: Prospective animal study.

Methods: ASCs were isolated and cultured from the inguinal fat of Lewis rat pups.

Effect of ultraviolet-mediated photofunctionalization for bone formation around medical titanium mesh.

Purpose: The new technology of photofunctionalization with ultraviolet (UV) light for titanium implants has earned considerable attention. We hypothesized that UV light treatment would enhance bone formation on titanium mesh.

Materials And Methods: We implemented in vitro and in vivo experiments to examine the effectiveness of UV treatment for bone formation on titanium mesh surfaces.

Dental treatment in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit for patients with ventricular assist devices awaiting heart transplant: a case series.

Objective: This report aims to describe the dental protocol for treating in the intensive care unit patients with end-stage heart failure who have had ventricular assist devices (VADs) emergently implanted as a bridge to heart transplant. This protocol permitted the rendering of safe and effective dental care in this setting and did not result in near-term (1-30 days) excessive hemorrhage, local and systemic infection, or contamination of the VAD.

Study Design: This descriptive cross-sectional study by the University of California, Los Angeles, Hospital Dental Service examined the dental care of 9 patients (mean age, 50 ± 12.

Measuring quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer: Update of the EORTC QLQ-H&N Module, Phase III.

Background: The objective of this study was to pilot test an updated version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N60).

Methods: Patients with head and neck cancer were asked to complete a list of 60 head and neck cancer-specific items comprising the updated EORTC head and neck module and the core questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30. Debriefing interviews were conducted to identify any irrelevant items and confusing or upsetting wording.

A cytokine-delivering polymer is effective in reducing tumor burden in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma murine model.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a novel polymer platform delivering cisplatin and cytokines in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Study Design: In vivo study.

Setting: Academic research laboratory.

The twin block: a simple technique to block both the masseteric and the anterior deep temporal nerves with one anesthetic injection.

The objective of this article is to describe a new technique to anesthetize the masseter muscle and the temporalis muscle using a single extraoral approach. The block targets both the masseteric and the deep temporal nerves as they leave the infratemporal fossa to innervate the deep surfaces of their respective muscles.

The effect of scaffold macroporosity on angiogenesis and cell survival in tissue-engineered smooth muscle.

Angiogenesis and survival of cells within thick scaffolds is a major concern in tissue engineering. The purpose of this study is to increase the survival of intestinal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in implanted tissue-engineered constructs. We incorporated 250-μm pores in multi-layered, electrospun scaffolds with a macroporosity ranging from 15% to 25% to facilitate angiogenesis.

Defining the critical-sized defect in a rat segmental mandibulectomy model.

Importance: Advances in tissue engineering offer potential alternatives to current mandibular reconstructive techniques; however, before clinical translation of this technology, a relevant animal model must be used to validate possible interventions.

Objective: To establish the critical-sized segmental mandibular defect that does not heal spontaneously in the rat mandible.

Design And Setting: Prospective study of mandibular defect healing in 29 Sprague-Dawley rats in an animal laboratory.

Coordinated reconstruction with bilateral condylar replacement and dental implant rehabilitation: a clinical report.

The evaluation of complex facial-cranial trauma and subsequent restoration requires multidisciplinary treatment planning for optimal success and patient satisfaction. Patients with bilateral subcondylar fractures and facial-dental trauma are invariably challenging. Consideration of total joint replacement, along with the comprehensive evaluation of facial-dental esthetics and occlusion is critical for an optimal long-term outcome and for patient comfort.

Photofunctionalization enhances bone-implant contact, dynamics of interfacial osteogenesis, marginal bone seal, and removal torque value of implants: a dog jawbone study.

Objective: Ultraviolet (UV) light treatment of titanium, ie, photofunctionalization, has been extensively reported to enhance the osteoconductivity of titanium in animal and in vitro studies. This is the first study to examine whether photofunctionalization is effective on commercial dental implants in vivo.

Materials And Methods: Dental implants with a microroughened surface were placed into dog jawbones.

Update on oral fungal infections.

The incidence of oral fungal infections has increased in recent years as a result of factors such as increased number of solid organ transplantations and the widespread use of immunosuppressive drug therapies. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of oral fungal infections. At one time oral fungal infections were a relatively uncommon event, but with advances in health care and polypharmacy in an increasingly aging population, these infections are becoming a more routine clinical finding.

Complex mandibular reconstruction after a partial mandibulectomy with a fibula free graft: a clinical report.

This report describes the surgical and prosthetic reconstruction of a partial mandibular resection due to an osteomyelitic variant with a free fibula microvascular graft, dental implant placement, and reconstruction with a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) partial fixed dental prosthesis. A team composed of a prosthodontist, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, and otolaryngologist was required to treat and restore the patient to near normal comfort and function.

Effect of photofunctionalization on fluoride-treated nanofeatured titanium.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet light treatment, known as photofunctionalization, on the biological and osseointegration capability of nanofeatured titanium created by a combination of sandblasting and hydrofluoric acid treatment. Titanium samples in disk and cylinder forms were photofunctionalized by treatment with ultraviolet light for 15 min. The nanofeatured surface was converted from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic after photofunctionalization.

Oral and cranio-maxillofacial surgery in Byzantium.

Introduction: Byzantine physicians (4th-7th and 8th-12th centuries A.D.), especially those interested in Surgery, developed a number of interesting concepts, views and opinions referring to the field now recognized as Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology.

The use of risdon cables in pediatric maxillofacial trauma: a technique revisited.

Although less common than adult fractures, fractures of the pediatric maxillofacial skeleton present unique challenges. Different considerations including variations of anatomy including tooth buds, dental variations, as well as considerations for future growth must be addressed. When traditional techniques to treat adult fractures are applied for securing intermaxillary fixation (IMF) such as arch bars, difficulty arises because the primary teeth are shorter and conventional arch bar techniques may slip off intra or postoperatively.

N-acetyl cysteine as an osteogenesis-enhancing molecule for bone regeneration.

Bone regeneration often requires cues from osteogenesis-inducing factors for successful outcome. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an anti-oxidant small molecule, possibly modulates osteoblastic differentiation. This study investigated the potential of NAC as an osteogenesis-enhancing molecule in vitro and in vivo.

Systematic review of anti-inflammatory agents for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients.

Purpose: The aim of this project was to review the available literature and define clinical practice guidelines for the use of anti-inflammatory agents for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology. The body of evidence for use of each intervention, in each cancer treatment setting, was assigned an evidence level.

Oral ulcers in patients with advanced breast cancer receiving everolimus: a case series report on clinical presentation and management.

Objective: We report the clinical features and management outcomes in 7 patients with everolimus-related stomatitis.

Study Design: Fifteen women with hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer receiving everolimus combined with exemestane were prospectively evaluated to assess the development of stomatitis. Oral ulcers were diagnosed based on established criteria.

Acquired defects of the nose and naso-orbitoethmoid (NOE) region.

Nasal injuries coupled with midface fractures of the orbit and ethmoids constitute a nasoorbitoethmoid (NOE) fracture pattern, which is typically the most challenging facial fracture to repair. Hard and soft tissue defects of this region may require advanced reconstruction techniques, including local rotational flaps, free tissue transfer, and even prosthetics. The restoration of form and function dictates treatment, and the success of primary repair is paramount, because secondary correction is challenging in this area of the midface.

Recurrent gingival fibrous lesions: comparison of 2 cases and potential need for additional classification.

Historically, the classification of localized gingival fibrous lesions has been inconsistent, leading to multiple naming schemes and confusion among pathologists. Currently, lesions are broadly grouped into localized hyperplastic lesions and true neoplasms. Although some cases are clearly defined histologically (i.

Pre-liver transplant protocols in dentistry.

The number of adults with end stage liver disease in the U.S., awaiting liver transplantation, has maintained a steady upward trend in recent years.