Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a prospective meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Background: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been proposed as a potential treatment for adults hospitalised with COVID-19, due to their potential anti-inflammatory and endothelial protective effects. Published evidence from randomised control trials (RCTs) does not provide evidence of benefit. We aimed to estimate the effect of oral administration of SGLT2 inhibitors compared with usual care or placebo in adults hospitalised with COVID-19.

TC-325 Superiority in Malignant Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.

Introduction: The efficacy of topical hemostatic agents, recommended for peptic ulcer bleeding, remains poorly characterized in malignant gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB).

Methods: We performed an individual patient data meta-analysis assessing the efficacy of topical hemostatic agents in malignant GIB. The literature was searched using OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science databases (database inception to November 2023).

Obesity as an aggravating factor of systemic lupus erythematosus disease: What we already know and what we must explore. A rapid scoping review.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect various organs and systems. Symptoms of SLE can vary widely from person to person and over time, including fatigue, joint pain, skin rashes, fever, and inflammation of multiple organs. The association between SLE and excess body weight has been the subject of study, with evidence suggesting that overweight and obesity can worsen the disease´s clinical presentation.

ApoA-I Infusions and Burden of Ischemic Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the AEGIS-II Trial.

Background: Following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), patients remain at risk for subsequent cardiovascular (CV) events. In the AEGIS-II trial, CSL112, a human apolipoprotein A-I derived from plasma that enhances cholesterol efflux, did not significantly reduce the first occurrence of CV death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke through 90 days compared with placebo. However, an analysis involving only the first event may not capture the totality of the clinical impact of an intervention because patients may experience multiple events.

Apolipoprotein A-I infusions and cardiovascular outcomes in acute myocardial infarction according to baseline LDL-cholesterol levels: the AEGIS-II trial.

Background And Aims: In the AEGIS-II trial (NCT03473223), CSL112, a human apolipoprotein A1 derived from plasma that increases cholesterol efflux capacity, did not significantly reduce the risk of the primary endpoint through 90 days vs. placebo after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Nevertheless, given the well-established relationship between higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and plaque burden, as well as greater risk reductions seen with PCSK9 inhibitors in patients with baseline LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL on statin therapy, the efficacy of CSL112 may be influenced by baseline LDL-C.

The influence of environmental factors related to Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM), its course and refractoriness to treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of environmental factors and prematurity relating to juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), its course and refractoriness to treatment.

Methods: A case-control study with 35 patients followed up at a tertiary hospital and 124 healthy controls, all residents of São Paulo. Patients were classified according to monocyclic, polycyclic or chronic disease courses and refractoriness to treatment.

Patterns and Risk Factors for Rehospitalizations Within the First 90 Days Following Discharge After Heart Transplantation.

Background: Heart transplantation (HT) recipients are at risk for urgent rehospitalizations following discharge. However, data on prevalence, risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with post-HT rehospitalization are limited.

Methods: This study aims to describe patterns of urgent rehospitalizations in HT recipients at a cardiology reference center in Brazil.

The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Hepatic Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury in Wistar Rats: An Experimental Study.

Liver ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) during hepatic surgeries can lead to liver cell death via oxidative stress and the activation of immune cells, the release of cytokines, and damage-associated molecular patterns. Ascorbic acid has been shown to confer potential protective effects against IR injury, mainly due to its antioxidant properties. This study evaluated the effect of ascorbic acid infusion at different time points during hepatic IR in rats.

Proteomic Profiling of HDL in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Based on Tumor Molecular Classification and Clinical Stage of Disease.

The association between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and breast cancer (BC) remains controversial due to the high complexity of the HDL particle and its functionality. The HDL proteome was determined in newly diagnosed BC classified according to the molecular type [luminal A or B (LA or LB), HER2, and triple-negative (TN)] and clinical stage of the disease. Women (n = 141) aged between 18 and 80 years with BC, treatment-naïve, and healthy women [n = 103; control group (CT)], matched by age and body mass index, were included.

Lead contamination in human milk affects infants' language trajectory: results from a prospective cohort study.

Infants growing up in low- and middle-income countries are at increased risk of suffering adverse childhood experiences, including exposure to environmental pollution and lack of cognitive stimulation. In this study, we aimed to examine the levels of metals in the human milk of women living in São Paulo City, Brazil, and determine the effects on infants' neurodevelopment. For such, a total of 185 human milk samples were analyzed for arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Severity-dependent test-seeking behaviors and test-negative designs: impact on estimated vaccine effectiveness and utility of analytic and design choices.

Test-negative designs are increasingly used to evaluate vaccine effectiveness because of desirable properties like reduced confounding due to healthcare-seeking behaviors and lower cost compared to other study designs. An individual's decision to seek care often depends on their disease severity, with severe disease more likely to be captured than mild disease. As many vaccines likely attenuate disease severity, this phenomenon generally results in an upward-biased estimate of vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease.

Effectiveness and Safety of the Allurion Swallowable Intragastric Balloon for Short-term Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Obesity poses a severe health problem worldwide, with an estimated impact on 17.5% of the adult population by 2035. Among the endoscopic applications for treating this comorbidity, intragastric balloons are the most widely used.

Epidemiology, ventilation management and outcomes of COVID-19 ARDS patients versus patients with ARDS due to pneumonia in the Pre-COVID era.

Background: Ventilation management may differ between COVID-19 ARDS (COVID-ARDS) patients and patients with pre-COVID ARDS (CLASSIC-ARDS); it is uncertain whether associations of ventilation management with outcomes for CLASSIC-ARDS also exist in COVID-ARDS.

Methods: Individual patient data analysis of COVID-ARDS and CLASSIC-ARDS patients in six observational studies of ventilation, four in the COVID-19 pandemic and two pre-pandemic. Descriptive statistics were used to compare epidemiology and ventilation characteristics.

Translation and Validation of the Brazilian Version of the European Obesity Academy Questionnaire on Patients' Motivations for Seeking Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: Understanding patients' motives for undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is key to managing postoperative expectations. We aimed to translate and validate the 14-item European Obesity Academy Questionnaire on Expectations about Surgical Treatment (EOAQ-EST) to Brazilian Portuguese for research and clinical use.

Materials And Methods: This study included a total of 198 candidates for MBS at a reference academic hospital in Brazil from January 2021 to February 2022.

Efficacy and safety of trimodulin in patients with severe COVID-19: results from a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre, phase II trial (ESsCOVID).

Background: Trimodulin (human polyvalent immunoglobulin [Ig] M ~ 23%, IgA ~ 21%, IgG ~ 56% preparation) has previously been associated with a lower mortality rate in a subpopulation of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and with clear signs of inflammation. The hypothesis for the ESsCOVID trial was that trimodulin may prevent inflammation-driven progression of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to critical disease or even death.

Methods: Adults with severe COVID-19 were randomised to receive intravenous infusions of trimodulin or placebo for 5 consecutive days in addition to standard of care.

"Flow Void Sign": Flow Artifact on T2-Weighted MRI Can Be an Indicator of Dural Defect Location in Ventral Type 1 Spinal CSF Leaks.

Patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension caused by type 1 dural defects typically have an epidural fluid collection on MRI. Still, the location of the defect is not usually readily identifiable on standard MRI sequences and can be at any point along the length of the collection. The most common location for type 1 leaks is ventral and, as such, these are most commonly associated with ventral predominant epidural fluid.