[Therapeutic use of robotics in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder].

Introduction: Robot-assisted Therapy (RAT) can improve the behavior of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in a spontaneous and entertaining way. There are no previous experiences of this type of inter vention in our country.

Objective: To describe a clinical experience of using RAT and its impact on the behaviors of a group of children with ASD, in a therapeutic context.

Early high amino-acid intake is associated with hypophosphatemia in preterm infants.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of hypophosphatemia in preterm infants according to parenteral nutrition received and to evaluate associated risk factors.

Design: A prospective multicenter cohort study included 111 patients ≤ 1250 g (7 NICUs of the NEOCOSUR Network). Two groups were compared according to the amino-acid supply in the first 48 h: aggressive parenteral group ≥ 3 g/kg/day and standard parenteral group: <2.

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Changes in Patients with Dentofacial Deformities Class II and III after Orthognathic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Unlabelled: Our aim was to assess the impact of combined orthodontic-surgical treatment on patients' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) according to type of dentofacial deformities, by synthesizing the available evidence.

Methods: Search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. The eligibility criteria were studies that measured OHRQoL before-after orthognathic surgery, with results disaggregated by Class II and III.

Effectiveness of pre-surgical orthopedics on patients with cleft lip and palate: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of pre-surgical orthopedics (PSO) in patients with cleft lip palate (CLP) in maxillary morphology (MM), facial growth and development (FGD), occlusal alterations (OA), parental satisfaction (PS), and side effects.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and controlled clinical trials. Searches was performed in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE.

[Tuberous xanthomas in a pediatric patient: a clue to the early diagnosis of a severe and infrequent disease].

Cutaneous xanthomas reflect lipid deposition on the skin and may be the only early manifestation of a childhoodonset dyslipidemia. Characteristics and distribution of the xanthomas signalize the underlying pathology, tuberous xanthomas being strongly associated with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, an extremely rare condition. Its early detection provides a therapeutic window to prevent accelerated atherosclerosis and mortality.

Periodontal Treatment Protocol for Decompensated Diabetes Patients.

Decompensated diabetes is associated with a higher prevalence and severity of periodontitis and poorer response to periodontal therapy. It is conceivable that periodontal therapy may cause systemic and local complications in this type of patients. The aim of the present study was to identify and describe the best available evidence for the treatment of periodontitis in decompensated diabetics.

Diagnosis of Genetic White Matter Disorders by Singleton Whole-Exome and Genome Sequencing Using Interactome-Driven Prioritization.

Background And Objectives: Genetic white matter disorders (GWMD) are of heterogeneous origin, with >100 causal genes identified to date. Classic targeted approaches achieve a molecular diagnosis in only half of all patients. We aimed to determine the clinical utility of singleton whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing (sWES-WGS) interpreted with a phenotype- and interactome-driven prioritization algorithm to diagnose GWMD while identifying novel phenotypes and candidate genes.

Outcomes and regional differences in practice in a worldwide coronary stent registry.

Objective: The primary objective was to assess the performance of a new generation thin-strut sirolimus-eluting coronary stent with abluminal biodegradable polymer in an all comer population. The secondary objective was to detail differences in contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) practice worldwide.

Methods: e-Ultimaster was an all-comer, prospective, global registry (NCT02188355) with independent event adjudication enrolling patients undergoing PCI with the study stent.

Sildenafil for treating patients with COVID-19 and perfusion mismatch: a pilot randomized trial.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 seems to affect the regulation of pulmonary perfusion. Hypoperfusion in areas of well-aerated lung parenchyma results in a ventilation-perfusion mismatch that can be characterized using subtraction computed tomography angiography (sCTA). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of oral sildenafil in treating COVID-19 inpatients showing perfusion abnormalities in sCTA.

Changes in health-related quality of life after orthognathic surgery: a multicenter study.

Objective: To evaluate changes in general and oral health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with dentofacial deformity undergoing orthognathic surgery, and whether these changes vary according to type of deformity.

Material And Methods: This is a prospective longitudinal multicenter study of patients with dentofacial deformities (n = 90). The Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ), Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), and Short-Form Health Survey version2 (SF-36v2) were self-completed by patients before surgery, 3 and 6 months after orthognathic surgery.

[Gastrointestinal manifestations of cystic fibrosis in children].

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystemic disease, with high morbidity and mortality, and its early diag nosis improves results. Lung conditions are the main cause of morbidity and mortality and are clo sely related to nutritional status and survival. There is little national information about the liver and gastrointestinal characteristics in pediatric patients with CF.

[Prevalence estimation of Autism Spectrum disorders in chilean urban population].

Introduction: The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder has increased, varying between 0.5 and 1% around the world. The prevalence of ASD in Chile is unknown.

[Fetal death from ascending bacterial infection. Diagnostic method, a narrative review. Why is the method that includes placental study, evaluation of clinical and laboratory data efficient in identifying ascending bacterial infection as the cause of fetal death?].

This narrative review includes published studies of stillbirth classification methods and their efficiency in identifying ascending bacterial infection (ABI), as a cause of fetal death (FD), by searching PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, Scielo. Many children die before birth around the world and it has not been possible to reduce FD because the methods used have not been adequate and because ABI, the most frequent cause of FD in a public hospital in Chile, is not diagnosed. Systems using clinical, laboratory and placental study data, INCODE, CORM, are more efficient in identifying ABI as the origin of FD.

[Recommendations for the suspected diagnosis and management of Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. April 2021].

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C) is a post-infectious complication described in children and adolescents with previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Because of its potential to evolve to severe disease -including cardiovascular impairment and multiple organ failure it requires a prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, including intensive care for most cases. These guidelines compile recent information from scientific literature, from our local clinical experiences during the past pandemic year, and have been discussed by experts.

[Impact of the vancomycin and amikacin therapeutic monitoring in the optimization of antimicrobial dose in pediatric patients].

Background: The monitoring of antimicrobial therapy through plasma levels makes it possible to determine the optimal dosage of antimicrobials, an essential approach in pediatrics.

Aim: To describe the monitoring of plasma antimicrobial levels and dose adjustment in the pediatric population to determine if the doses used reach therapeutic ranges.

Methods: Retrospective, descriptive study using a database with measurement of plasma levels of amikacin and vancomycin in pediatric patients at San Borja Arriarán Hospital between 2015-2018.

Transconjunctival Approach Using Lateral Skin Extension for Reconstruction of Orbit Zygomatic Complex Fractures: Technique Description and a Case Series Analysis.

Study Design: A descriptive-observational study of a series case report of patients diagnosed with orbito-zygomatic complex (OZMC) fracture with lateral wall involvement, was conducted. All patients were assessed in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service at Hospital El Carmen, Maipu, Santiago, Chile.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a single-institution experience with the transconjunctival approach to the orbit, utilizing a lateral skin extension as unique approach to access to fronto-zygomatic suture, infraorbital rim and/or orbital floor.

A multiyear systematic survey of the quality of reporting for randomised trials in dentistry, neurology and geriatrics published in journals of Spain and Latin America.

Background: The Iberoamerican Cochrane Network is currently developing an extensive project to identify Spanish-language journals that publish original clinical research in Spain and Latin America. The project is called BADERI (Database of Iberoamerican Essays and Journal) and feeds the research articles, mainly randomised clinical trials (RCTs), into CENTRAL (Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Controlled Trials). This study aims to assess the quality of reporting of RCTs published in Spanish and Latin American journals for three clinical fields and assess changes over time.

Maternal genotypes of folate/one-carbon metabolism gene variants and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate risk in Chile.

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a case-control design, the association between maternal genotypes for variants in 23 genes involved in folate/one-carbon metabolism and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in a Chilean population. After applying several filters to an Illumina array, we extracted 175 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 150 mothers of NSCL/P cases and 150 control women. Association was evaluated using computed odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in additive, recessive, and dominant models.

Etiology and Treatment of Growth Delay in Noonan Syndrome.

Noonan syndrome is characterized by multiple phenotypic features, including growth retardation, which represents the main cause of consultation to the clinician. Longitudinal growth during childhood and adolescence depends on several factors, among them an intact somatotrophic axis, which is characterized by an adequate growth hormone (GH) secretion by the pituitary, subsequent binding to its receptor, proper function of the post-receptor signaling pathway for this hormone (JAK-STAT5b and RAS/MAPK), and ultimately by the production of its main effector, insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Several studies regarding the function of the somatotrophic axis in patients with Noonan syndrome and data from murine models, suggest that partial GH insensitivity at a post-receptor level, as well as possible derangements in the RAS/MAPK pathway, are the most likely causes for the growth failure in these patients.

Symptomatic Meckel's Diverticulum in pediatrics.

Introduction: Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the remnant of the vitelline duct (VD) also called omphalomesente ric duct and it is considered the most frequent gastrointestinal malformation. Most of the cases are asymptomatic and the diagnosis of this type is always a challenge.

Objective: To describe 3 sympto matic presentations of MD and to discuss its symptoms, signs, and possible diagnostic-therapeutic tools.

[Síndrome de reacción a drogas con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos asociado a herpesvirus humano 6. Caso pediátrico tratado con ciclosporina y corticoides].

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome associated with human herpesvirus 6. A pediatric case treated with cyclosporine and corticosteroids elevated C-reactive protein, and abnormal liver tests. The skin biopsy was compatible with an adverse drug reaction.

Hypomyelination and Congenital Cataract: Identification of a Novel likely pathogenic c.414+1G>A in gene Variant.

It is key to expand the differential diagnosis and consider possible genetic etiologies on a patient with congenital cataracts associated with clinical features, such as leukodystrophy or polyneuropathy.