Physiological and clinical effects of trunk inclination adjustment in patients with respiratory failure: a scoping review and narrative synthesis.

Background: Adjusting trunk inclination from a semi-recumbent position to a supine-flat position or vice versa in patients with respiratory failure significantly affects numerous aspects of respiratory physiology including respiratory mechanics, oxygenation, end-expiratory lung volume, and ventilatory efficiency. Despite these observed effects, the current clinical evidence regarding this positioning manoeuvre is limited. This study undertakes a scoping review of patients with respiratory failure undergoing mechanical ventilation to assess the effect of trunk inclination on physiological lung parameters.

Electrical impedance tomography: Usefulness for respiratory physiotherapy in critical illnesses.

Respiratory physiotherapy, including the management of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) and noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), is a key supportive intervention for critically ill patients. MV has potential for inducing ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) as well as long-term complications related to prolonged bed rest, such as post-intensive care syndrome and intensive care unit acquired weakness. Physical and respiratory therapy, developed by the critical care team, in a timely manner, has been shown to prevent these complications.

Ripretinib versus sunitinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor: ctDNA biomarker analysis of the phase 3 INTRIGUE trial.

INTRIGUE was an open-label, phase 3 study in adult patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor who had disease progression on or intolerance to imatinib and who were randomized to once-daily ripretinib 150 mg or sunitinib 50 mg. In the primary analysis, progression-free survival (PFS) with ripretinib was not superior to sunitinib. In clinical and nonclinical studies, ripretinib and sunitinib have demonstrated differential activity based on the exon location of KIT mutations.

Effects of changes in trunk inclination on ventilatory efficiency in ARDS patients: quasi-experimental study.

Background: Trunk inclination from semirecumbent head-upright to supine-flat positioning reduces driving pressure and increases respiratory system compliance in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These effects are associated with an improved ventilatory ratio and reduction in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO). However, these physiological effects have not been completely studied, and their mechanisms have not yet been elucidated.

Monitoring, management, and outcome of hypotension in Intensive Care Unit patients, an international survey of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.

Introduction: Hypotension in the ICU is common, yet management is challenging and variable. Insight in management by ICU physicians and nurses may improve patient care and guide future hypotension treatment trials and guidelines.

Methods: We conducted an international survey among ICU personnel to provide insight in monitoring, management, and perceived consequences of hypotension.

Prevalence and determinants of ideal cardiovascular health in a latin women cohort: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) sought to reduce cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. In Chile, CV mortality in women is high. The study's main aim was to determine the prevalence of ideal CVH, and the factors and behaviors associated with ideal CVH in women from Santiago de Chile.

Definition and incidence of hypotension in intensive care unit patients, an international survey of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.

Introduction: Although hypotension in ICU patients is associated with adverse outcome, currently used definitions are unknown and no universally accepted definition exists.

Methods: We conducted an international, peer-reviewed survey among ICU physicians and nurses to provide insight in currently used definitions, estimations of incidence, and duration of hypotension.

Results: Out of 1394 respondents (1055 physicians (76%) and 339 nurses (24%)), 1207 (82%) completed the questionnaire.

Acute abdomen due to pancreatic pseudocyst with splenic extension and rupture.

Pancreatic pseudocyst is a common complication of acute and chronic pancreatitis. However, spleen involvement in pancreatitis is rare. We present a patient with a pancreatic tail pseudocyst with splenic extension and rupture.

Efficacy and safety of edoxaban compared with warfarin according to the burden of diseases in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial.

Aims: Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants represent a new option for prevention of embolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, little is known about the impact of non-cardiac comorbidities on the efficacy and safety profile of these drugs.

Methods And Results: In a post hoc analysis of the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial, we analysed 21 105 patients with AF followed for an average of 2.

[Social reimbursement-the Spanish-German ENT Society's (SDGHNO) Latin America project].

Nowadays, social projects are usually oriented in such a way that after a given period of time, they can either support themselves independently or even allow a pecuniary reimbursement. In the latter case, experts speak of a profit-oriented reimbursement. On the other hand, there is so-called social reimbursement, which in contrast to the abovementioned form is not profit oriented, but, for example, considers its task fulfilled by the fact of successful knowledge transfer.

Prioritization for liver transplantation using the MELD score in Chile: Inequities generated by MELD exceptions.: A collaboration between the Chilean Liver Transplant Programs, the Public Health Institute and the National Transplant Coordinator.

Introduction And Aim: The MELD score has been established as an efficient and rigorous prioritization system for liver transplant (LT). Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the MELD score as a system for prioritization for LT, in terms of decreasing the dropout rate in the waiting list and maintaining an adequate survival post-LT in Chile.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the Chilean Public Health Institute liver transplant registry of candidates listed from October 15th 2011 to December 31st 2014.

Validation of the short form of the International Crowding Measure in Emergency Departments: an international study.

Objective: There is little consensus on the best way to measure emergency department (ED) crowding. We have previously developed a consensus-based measure, the International Crowding Measure in Emergency Departments. We aimed to externally validate a short form of the International Crowding Measure in Emergency Department (sICMED) against emergency physician's perceptions of crowding and danger.

[Parotiditis in Chile: clinical and molecular characterization of two cases in a highly vaccinated population].

Mumps virus usually produces a benign infection characterized by increased parotid volume which, prior to vaccination, mainly affected children and adolescents. After the introduction of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, mumps incidence decreased dramatically. This intervention also produced a change in its clinical presentation, moving to young adult patients, with an increased risk of complications.

National Trend in Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: Analysis of the National Register in Chile.

Introduction: The laparoscopic approach for the treatment of gastric cancer has many advantages. However, outside Asia there are few large case series.

Aim: To evaluate postoperative morbidity, long-term survival, changes in indication, and the results of laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Two-Layer Hand-Sewn Esophagojejunostomy in Totally Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer.

Purpose: Different esophagojejunostomy (EJ) reconstruction methods are used after totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG), and none is considered a standard technique. This report describes a 2-layer hand-sewn EJ technique during TLTG; we also evaluated postoperative morbidity associated with this technique.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all consecutive patients who underwent TLTG for gastric cancer (GC) from 2012 to 2016 at 2 affiliated teaching hospitals.

Antioxidant Therapeutic Strategies for Cardiovascular Conditions Associated with Oxidative Stress.

Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability to scavenge these ROS by endogenous antioxidant systems, where ROS overwhelms the antioxidant capacity. Excessive presence of ROS results in irreversible damage to cell membranes, DNA, and other cellular structures by oxidizing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases related to hypoxia, cardiotoxicity and ischemia-reperfusion.

Subcapsular Renal-Infected Hematoma After Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery: A Rare but Serious Complication.

We report a case of a 53-year-old woman affected by a left kidney stone and persistent positive urinary culture treated by retrograde intrarenal surgery. During postoperative day 1, she developed a sudden back pain associated with a decrease in hemoglobin. CT scan showed a subcapsular hematoma giving the impression of partial compression of kidney and upper urinary tract.

History of the Neurosurgery Department of Pontificia Universidad Catolica, Santiago, Chile.

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile's medical school was founded in 1929. An interest in neurosurgical development arose in the minds of the Dean, Dr. Cristobal Espíldora, and the Chief of Surgery, Dr.

Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Trial.

Background: Recent findings suggest that atrial fibrillation is associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD). We examined the incidence, characteristics, and factors associated with SCD in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods And Results: SCD was defined as witnessed death ≤60 minutes from the onset of new symptoms or unwitnessed death 1 to 24 hours after being observed alive, without another known cause of death.

[Hospital morbidity and mortality in children with Down's syndrome: Experience in a university hospital in Chile].

Introduction: Children with Down's syndrome (DS) have a higher risk of congenital malformations and acute diseases, with increased risk of hospital admissions compared with the general population. This study describes patterns of hospital admissions for children and adolescents with DS.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study of hospital admissions of children with DS, younger than 15 years old, and cared for by the Paediatric Department of the Hospital Clínico Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, between 2008 and 2011.

KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, finally targeting Turkey.

We report here the first identification of the worldwide spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2-producing and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae clone ST258 in Turkey, a country where the distantly-related carbapenemase OXA-48 is known to be endemic. Worryingly, this isolate was also resistant to colistin, now considered to be the last-resort antibiotic for carbapenem-resistant isolates.

Escherichia coli isolates from inflammatory bowel diseases patients survive in macrophages and activate NLRP3 inflammasome.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a multifactorial pathology associated with the presence of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) and NLRP3 polymorphic variants. The presence of intracellular E. coli in other intestinal pathologies (OIP) and the role of NLRP3-inflammasome in the immune response activated by these bacteria have not been investigated.

[Infective endocarditis caused by Listeria monocytogenes: review of the literature and a case report].

Infective endocarditis caused by Listeria monocytogenesis an extremely rare but usually aggressive disease. We have seen in recent years an increase in age of onset of this disease and a predilection for patients with valvular disease, especially prosthetic valve. The treatment of choice is ampicillin, which is combined with gentamicin for synergy.

A risk prediction model for severe intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants and the effect of prophylactic indomethacin.

Objective: Develop a risk prediction model for severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI).

Study Design: Prospectively collected data of infants with birth weight 500 to 1249 g born between 2001 and 2010 in centers from the Neocosur Network were used. Forward stepwise logistic regression model was employed.