Increased Medication Utilization Precedes Incidentally Diagnosed Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter, Case-Control Study.

This study investigates whether subclinical inflammation in asymptomatic patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to increased medication use. In a multicenter, retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with incidental ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease during colorectal cancer screening (2010-2021), medication use was compared with symptomatic patients and healthy non-IBD controls. Asymptomatic patients showed a higher use of cardiovascular, antiparasitic, musculoskeletal, respiratory, and sensory organ medications up to 5 years before diagnosis.

Clinical control in COPD and therapeutic implications: The EPOCONSUL audit.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate clinical control in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the consequences in terms of treatment decisions, and their potentially associated factors during follow-up of patients in real-life clinical practice.

Methods: EPOCONSUL 2021 is a cross-sectional audit that evaluated the outpatient care provided to patients with a diagnosis of COPD in respiratory clinics in Spain and multivariable logistic regression models to assess the relationships between clinical control and clinical inertia.

Results: 4225 patients from 45 hospitals in Spain were audited.

Inflammatory bowel disease vs strongyloidiasis.

We report the case of a 38-year-old woman with a 10-year history of ulcerative proctosigmoiditis. Two months after traveling to Morocco, she developed gastrointestinal symptoms accompanied by eosinophilia in blood tests. Four months later, she progressed to systemic illness with pulmonary involvement.

Jaundice as the onset of paracoccidioidomycosis.

We report the case of a 24-year-old man from Brazil presenting with jaundice and epigastric pain. Abdominal CT and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed a mass in the pancreatic-duodenal groove, intrahepatic duct dilation, and lymphadenopathy, initially suggestive of lymphoproliferative syndrome. However, cytopathological analysis of EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of the lymph nodes confirmed paracoccidioidomycosis.

Differences in association between hypoalbuminaemia and mortality among younger versus older patients on haemodialysis.

Background: Ageing often affects biomarker production. Yet, clinical/optimal thresholds to guide clinical decisions do not consider this. Serum albumin decreases with age, but hypoalbuminaemia is defined as serum albumin <4.

Real-world effectiveness and safety of second- or third-line pegylated liposomal irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in Spain.

Treatment with pegylated nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (folinic acid; 5-FU/LV) has demonstrated remarkable efficacy for metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in clinical trials. However, real-world data on the effectiveness of nal-IRI+5-FU/LV is heterogeneous and is lacking in Spain. To assess the effectiveness and safety of nal-IRI+5-FU/LV in real-life PDAC patients in Spain.

First Palmar Intermetacarpal Flap for Congenital First Web Contracture: A Case Series.

Background: Pediatric first web space contractures of the hand can lead to disability in hand function. Several techniques have been proposed for treating this condition. Recently, a new technique involving the first palmar cutaneous flap was described in a cadaveric study.

Machine Learning Algorithms in Controlled Donation After Circulatory Death Under Normothermic Regional Perfusion: A Graft Survival Prediction Model.

Background: Several scores have been developed to stratify the risk of graft loss in controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD). However, their performance is unsatisfactory in the Spanish population, where most cDCD livers are recovered using normothermic regional perfusion (NRP). Consequently, we explored the role of different machine learning-based classifiers as predictive models for graft survival.

Disease activity in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy according to time since diagnosis and positivity to antisynthetase autoantibodies: data from the Myo-Spain registry.

Objective: To evaluate the main outcomes of disease activity and their association with other measures of activity, damage, and quality of life in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) according to time since diagnosis and positivity to antisynthetase autoantibodies (ASAs).

Methods: Cross-sectional multicenter study within the Spanish Myo-Spain registry. Cases were classified as incident (≤ 12 months since diagnosis) and prevalent.

Exploring the role of splicing in TP53 variant pathogenicity through predictions and minigene assays.

Background: TP53 variant classification benefits from the availability of large-scale functional data for missense variants generated using cDNA-based assays. However, absence of comprehensive splicing assay data for TP53 confounds the classification of the subset of predicted missense and synonymous variants that are also predicted to alter splicing. Our study aimed to generate and apply splicing assay data for a prioritised group of 59 TP53 predicted missense or synonymous variants that are also predicted to affect splicing by either SpliceAI or MaxEntScan.

Functional evaluation and clinical classification of BRCA2 variants.

Germline BRCA2 loss-of function variants, which can be identified through clinical genetic testing, predispose to several cancers. However, variants of uncertain significance limit the clinical utility of test results. Thus, there is a need for functional characterization and clinical classification of all BRCA2 variants to facilitate the clinical management of individuals with these variants.

Employment Status and HIV Viral Load in Chilean Adult Population: A Propensity Score Analysis.

We set out to investigate the potential impact of unemployment on HIV viral load in individuals living with HIV at the biggest HIV-related healthcare centre in Chile. We analysed a cross-sectional dataset of 803 adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. The main exposure was employment status.

Efficacy outcomes of CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy treatment in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer according to PAM50 intrinsic subtype: Primary results of SOLTI-1801 CDK-PREDICT study.

Introduction: The prognostic value of PAM50 intrinsic subtypes (IS), cell cycle, and immune-related gene expression in HR+ /HER2- advanced breast cancer (BC) treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and endocrine therapy (ET) in a first-line metastatic setting is unclear. This study evaluates these biomarkers in metastatic biopsies from patients diagnosed with HR+ /HER2- advanced BC.

Methods: CDK-PREDICT study is a multicentric, ambispective observational cohort study conducted in six Spanish hospitals.

First pass effect in patients with large core infarcts undergoing mechanical thrombectomy: subgroup analysis of the prospective international ASSIST registry.

Background: Studies have described a first pass effect (FPE) where patients with successful recanalization after one pass experience better outcomes. Few studies have evaluated this in patients with large core infarctions.

Objective: To determine whether patients with large core infarcts undergoing mechanical thrombectomy in which first pass reperfusion is achieved experience improved outcomes compared with those who undergo more than one pass.

Influenza vaccine outcomes: a meta-analysis revealing morbidity benefits amid low infection prevention.

Background: The morbidity and mortality associated with influenza viruses are a significant public health challenge. Annual vaccination against circulating influenza strains reduces hospitalisations and increases survival rates but requires a yearly redesign of vaccines against prevalent subtypes. The complex genetics of influenza viruses with high antigenic drift create an ongoing challenge in vaccine development to address dynamic influenza epidemiology.

Risk factors for one-year mortality in 440 femoral peri-implant fractures: insights from the PIPPAS prospective, multicentre, observational study.

Aims: The Peri-Implant and PeriProsthetic Survival AnalysiS (PIPPAS) study aimed to investigate the risk factors for one-year mortality of femoral peri-implant fractures (FPIFs).

Methods: This prospective, multicentre, observational study involved 440 FPIF patients with a minimum one-year follow-up. Data on demographics, clinical features, fracture characteristics, management, and mortality rates were collected and analyzed using both univariate and multivariate analyses.

Synthesizing and assessing influenza vaccine evidence: Strengths and limitations of the recent ECDC report on the effectiveness of new and enhanced influenza vaccines. Communication on: the "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Systematic review update on the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of newer and enhanced seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory confirmed influenza in individuals aged 18 years and over. Stockholm: ECDC; 2024".

High quality research is critical for evidence-based decision making in public health and fundamental to maintain progress and trust in immunization programs in Europe. In 2024 the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) conducted an update of the 2020 systematic review to capture more recent evidence on of the efficacy, effectiveness of influenza vaccines in individuals aged 18 years and older in the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza. While this report was highly anticipated due to the strength of the protocol and processes put in place, during our assessment, we expressed two chief concerns.

Leishmaniasis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National Multicenter Study of GETECCU.

Background: Leishmaniasis (LI) is a vector-borne illness caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania. Data on the features of LI in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are scarce.

Aim: To describe the characteristics of patients with IBD who present with leishmaniasis, infection outcomes and the risk factors associated with developing visceral leishmaniasis (VL).

Angiogenic factors versus fetomaternal Doppler for fetal growth restriction at term: an open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Small fetuses, with estimated fetal weight (EFW) below the tenth percentile, are classified as fetal growth restriction (FGR) or small for gestational age (SGA) based on prenatal ultrasound. FGR fetuses have a greater risk of stillbirth and perinatal complications and may benefit from serial ultrasound scans to guide early delivery. Abnormal serum angiogenic factors, such as the soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1):placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio, have shown potential to more accurately distinguish FGR from SGA, with fewer false positives.

Effects of early, late and self-selected time-restricted eating on visceral adipose tissue and cardiometabolic health in participants with overweight or obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

The optimal eating window for time-restricted eating (TRE) remains unclear, particularly its impact on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which is associated with cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. We investigated the effects of three TRE schedules (8 h windows in the early day, late day and participant-chosen times) combined with usual care (UC, based on education about the Mediterranean diet) versus UC alone over 12 weeks in adults with overweight or obesity. The primary outcome was VAT changes measured by magnetic resonance imaging.

Haemoptysis as a presentation of an infected aortic aneurysm rupture.

Introduction: Infective thoracic aortic aneurysms are uncommon, especially presenting with haemoptysis.

Case Presentation: We report the case of an 81-year-old male who presented with fever and pleuritic chest pain and was initially misdiagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. A CT scan later  revealed a saccular, ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm.

Comprehensive diagnosis in chronic coronary syndromes combining angiography and intracoronary testing: the AID-ANGIO study.

Background: The diagnostic yield of invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) in contemporary practice is uncertain.

Aims: We investigated the value of an advanced invasive diagnosis (AID) strategy combining angiography and intracoronary testing.

Methods: AID-ANGIO is an all-comers, prospective, multicentre study enrolling CCS patients referred for ICA.

Safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells mitochondria transplantation as a cell-free therapy for osteoarthritis.

Objective: The inflammatory responses from synovial fibroblasts and macrophages and the mitochondrial dysfunction in chondrocytes lead to oxidative stress, disrupt extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis, and accelerate the deterioration process of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). In recent years, it has been proposed that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) transfer their functional mitochondria to damaged cells in response to cellular stress, becoming one of the mechanisms underpinning their therapeutic effects. Therefore, we hypothesize that a novel cell-free treatment for OA could involve direct mitochondria transplantation, restoring both cellular and mitochondrial homeostasis.