Performance of individual criteria of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) intraabdominal injury prediction rule.

Objective: The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) derived and externally validated a clinical prediction rule to identify children with blunt torso trauma at low risk for intraabdominal injuries undergoing acute intervention (IAI). Little is known about the risk for IAI when only one or two prediction rule variables are positive. We sought to determine the risk for IAI when either one or two PECARN intraabdominal injury rule variables are positive.

Small protein ERSP encoded by LINC02870 promotes triple negative breast cancer progression via IRE1α/XBP1s activation.

Clinical treatment options for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are currently limited to chemotherapy because of a lack of effective therapeutic targets. Recent evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) encode bioactive peptides or proteins, thereby playing noncanonical yet significant roles in regulating cellular processes. However, the potential of lncRNA-translated products in cancer progression remains largely unknown.

Design and implementation of an action plan for justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion within the Clinical Genome Resource.

How might members of a large, multi-institutional research and resource consortium foster justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion as central to its mission, goals, governance, and culture? These four principles, often referred to as JEDI, can be aspirational-but to be operationalized, they must be supported by concrete actions, investments, and a persistent long-term commitment to the principles themselves, which often requires self-reflection and course correction. We present here the iterative design process implemented across the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) that led to the development of an action plan to operationalize JEDI principles across three major domains, with specific deliverables and commitments dedicated to each. Active involvement of consortium leadership, buy-in from its members at all levels, and support from NIH program staff at pivotal stages were essential to the success of this effort.

The adaptor protein Miro1 modulates horizontal transfer of mitochondria in mouse melanoma models.

Recent research has shown that mtDNA-deficient cancer cells (ρ cells) acquire mitochondria from tumor stromal cells to restore respiration, facilitating tumor formation. We investigated the role of Miro1, an adaptor protein involved in movement of mitochondria along microtubules, in this phenomenon. Inducible Miro1 knockout (Miro1) mice markedly delayed tumor formation after grafting ρ cancer cells.

State of Lung Cancer in Egypt: Moving Towards Improved Guidelines for Prevention, Screening, Treatment, and Clinical Care Programs.

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally and presents significant challenges in Egypt. In 2023, the first annual meeting of the Thoracic Oncology Multidisciplinary Faculty, organized by the Egyptian Cancer Research Network and the Egyptian Society of Respiratory Neoplasms, was held in Cairo, Egypt. The meeting aimed to address gaps in lung cancer management across Egypt and the broader Middle East and North Africa region.

Deep learning model to identify and validate hypotension endotypes in surgical and critically ill patients.

Background: Hypotension is associated with organ injury and death in surgical and critically ill patients. In clinical practice, treating hypotension remains challenging because it can be caused by various underlying haemodynamic alterations. We aimed to identify and independently validate endotypes of hypotension in big datasets of surgical and critically ill patients using unsupervised deep learning.

The mitochondriotropic antioxidants AntiOxBEN and AntiOxCIN are structurally-similar but differentially alter energy homeostasis in human skin fibroblasts.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation play an import role in different human pathologies. In this context, mitochondrial targeting of potentially protective antioxidants by their coupling to the lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP) is widely applied. Employing a six‑carbon (C) linker, we recently demonstrated that mitochondria-targeted phenolic antioxidants derived from gallic acid (AntiOxBEN) and caffeic acid (AntiOxCIN) counterbalance oxidative stress in primary human skin fibroblasts by activating ROS-protective mechanisms.

Central Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease State-of-the-Art.

Central sleep apnea (CSA), a rare polysomnographic finding in the general population, is prevalent in certain cardiovascular conditions including systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, carotid artery stenosis, stroke and use of certain cardiac-related medications. Polysomnographic findings of CSA with adverse cardiovascular impacts include nocturnal hypoxemia and arousals, which can lead to increased sympathetic activity both at night and in the daytime. Among cardiovascular diseases, CSA is most prevalent in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction; a large study of more than 900 treated patients has shown a dose dependent relationship between nocturnal desaturation and mortality.

Odronextamab monotherapy in R/R DLBCL after progression with CAR T-cell therapy: Primary analysis of the ELM-1 study.

Patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) progressing after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T) have dismal outcomes. The prespecified post-CAR T expansion cohort of the ELM-1 study investigated the efficacy and safety of odronextamab, a CD20×CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with disease progression after CAR T. Sixty patients received IV odronextamab weekly for 4 cycles followed by maintenance until progression.

Benefit Finding in Craniofacial Conditions: A Qualitative Analysis of Patient and Parent Perspectives.

Objective: Craniofacial conditions (CFCs) can be associated with adverse effects on quality of life (QoL). However, few studies have examined perceived benefits related to CFCs. This study described perceived benefits in an international sample of children and adolescents with CFCs and their parents.

Montreal cognitive assessment as a cognitive outcome measure in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Background: The Montreal Cognitive assessment (MoCA) is a well-validated global cognitive screening instrument. Its validity in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) has not been assessed.

Objectives: To evaluate the MoCA as an outcome measure in PSP clinical trials.

Association between demographic, clinical characteristics and severe complications by SARS-CoV-2 infection in a community-based healthcare network in Chile.

Background: Most of the evidence on risk factors for COVID-19 complications comes from North America or Europe with very little research from Latin-America. We aimed to evaluate the association between sociodemographic, clinical factors and the risk of COVID-19 complications among adults in Chile, the fifth Latin-American country with more COVID-19 reported cases since de beginning of the Pandemic.

Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study using data from electronic health records from a large Primary Care Network, linked to national hospital, immunization, Covid-19 PCR surveillance, mortality and birth records.

Trastuzumab Plus Pertuzumab Versus Cetuximab Plus Irinotecan in Patients With Wild-Type, HER2-Positive, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (S1613): A Randomized Phase II Trial.

Purpose: overexpression/amplification in wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC; human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]-positive mCRC) appears to be associated with limited benefit from anti-EGFR antibodies and promising responses to dual-HER2 inhibition; however, comparative efficacy has not been investigated. We conducted a randomized phase II trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of dual-HER2 inhibition against standard-of-care anti-EGFR antibody-based therapy as second/third-line treatment in HER2-positive mCRC.

Methods: Patients with -WT mCRC after central confirmation of HER2 positivity (immunohistochemistry 3+ or 2+ and in situ hybridization amplified [HER2/CEP17 ratio >2.

[Pancreatoduodenectomy in Octogenarian Patients and the Need for Standardized Evaluation].

Unlabelled: Pancreatoduodenectomy represents the only curative alternative in patients with periampullary tumors, currently with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. However, there is little evidence in octogenarian patients.

Aim: To describe the experience of octogenarian patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for tumors of the periampullary area at the Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Feasibility and psychometric quality of smartphone administered cognitive ecological momentary assessments in women with metastatic breast cancer.

Objective: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is associated with burdensome side effects, including cognitive changes that require ongoing monitoring. Cognitive ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) allow for assessment of individual cognitive functioning in natural environments and can be administered via smartphones. Accordingly, we sought to establish the feasibility, reliability, and validity of a commercially available cognitive EMA platform.

Risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality among pregnant patients with chronic kidney disease: Renal disease and severe maternal morbidity.

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a significant cause of adverse obstetric outcomes. However, there are few studies assessing the risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease and no studies assessing the association between individual indicators of severe maternal morbidity and chronic kidney disease.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality among pregnant patients with chronic kidney disease.

The Utility of Preoperative Phenylephrine Testing in Müller Muscle Conjunctival Resection Surgery for Involutional Ptosis.

Purpose: Phenylephrine testing prior to Müller muscle conjunctival resection has traditionally been used to predict postoperative outcomes. The purpose of this study is to determine if preoperative phenylephrine testing impacts postoperative changes in eyelid position.

Methods: In this multicenter cross-sectional cohort study, 270 eyelids of participants with involutional ptosis and levator function >12 mm who underwent Müller muscle conjunctival resection were divided into 2 comparison groups.

Adherence to positive airway pressure therapy in patients with Down syndrome: assessing cloud based monitoring data.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in Down syndrome (DS) with many patients prescribed positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. This study evaluates PAP adherence and identifies factors influencing adherence.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of electronic health records and cloud-based PAP therapy data from DS patients at Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA.

Diversity-Related, Student-Led National Medical Organizations: Leadership Opportunities for Learners.

Introduction: In light of the lack of diversity in academic medicine leadership, diversity-related, student-led national medical organizations (NMOs) provide a space for solace and reprieve among common peers while providing an opportunity to develop leadership competencies in a supportive environment. Despite the impact NMOs have had on cultivating generations of leaders in medicine, trainees may not identify opportunities for leadership development that are transferable to future careers in academic medicine.

Methods: We designed and implemented a dynamic 60-minute workshop with an interactive PowerPoint presentation, author-owned video testimonials (from past student leaders of NMOs), two case presentations, and reflection exercises.

Do Risk Factors for HCC Impact the Association of CT/MRI LIRADS Major Features With HCC? An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.

Guidelines suggest the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) may not be applicable for some populations at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, data assessing the association of HCC risk factors with LI-RADS major features are lacking. To evaluate whether the association between HCC risk factors and each CT/MRI LI-RADS major feature differs among individuals at-risk for HCC.

[Translation and validation of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) into Spanish in Chile].

Introduction: The assessment of frailty is crucial for the management and care of older adults. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) has been proposed as a useful and practical tool for this assessment, but its implementation requires translation and validation to the specific cultural context.

Methods: A standardized process of translation and cultural adaptation of the CFS in its second version was carried out.

Non-invasive pressure-volume loop derived temporal elastance, contractility, and efficiency indices for assessing Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.

Ejection fraction is commonly used to assess Duchenne muscular dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy (DMDAC), but it may remain normal (wrongly) despite significant myocardial dysfunction in patients. Therefore, better indicators of myocardial dysfunction are needed for longitudinal (with time) assessment and treatment of DMDAC patients. This study evaluates non-invasive LV PV loop-derived elastance, contractility and efficiency in relation to EF for patients developing DMDAC.

Interplay between on-demand treatment trials for hereditary angioedema and treatment guidelines.

Over the past two decades, guidelines for the on-demand treatment of hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks have undergone significant evolution. Early treatment guidelines, such as the Canadian 2003 International Consensus Algorithm, often gated on-demand treatment by attack location and/or severity. Pivotal trials for on-demand injectable treatments (plasma-derived C1 esterase inhibitor [C1INH], icatibant, ecallantide [US only], recombinant C1INH), which were approved in the US and EU between 2008-2014, were designed accordingly.