Definitions, outcomes, and management of hyperprogression in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has been a breakthrough in the care of patients with non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC). However, physicians are now facing a previously unidentified clinical situation called hyperprogression (HP), which presents as a fast and unexpected increase in tumor burden. HP's existence and specificity to ICIs remains controversial because a widely acknowledged definition is currently lacking.

Glucocorticoids with low-dose anti-IL1 anakinra rescue in severe non-ICU COVID-19 infection: A cohort study.

Background: The optimal treatment for patients with severe coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) and hyper-inflammation remains debated.

Material And Methods: A cohort study was designed to evaluate whether a therapeutic algorithm using steroids with or without interleukin-1 antagonist (anakinra) could prevent death/invasive ventilation. Patients with a ≥5-day evolution since symptoms onset, with hyper-inflammation (CRP≥50mg/L), requiring 3-5 L/min oxygen, received methylprednisolone alone.

Nightmares in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Chronic nightmares are very common in psychiatric disorders, affecting up to 70% of patients with personality or post-traumatic stress disorders. In other psychiatric disorders, the relationships with nightmares are poorly known. This review aimed to clarify the relationship between nightmares and both mood and psychotic disorders.

Epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant non-small cell lung Cancer and Choroidal metastases: long-term outcome and response to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Background: Choroidal metastases are the most common eye metastatic site. The prevalence of choroidal metastases in NSCLC patients has been reported to vary from 0.2 to 7% in historical series.

Clinical Application of a Novel Genetic Risk Score for Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Cardiometabolic Disease.

Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with an increased risk of stroke. We sought to determine whether a genetic risk score (GRS) could identify subjects at higher risk for ischemic stroke after accounting for traditional clinical risk factors in 5 trials across the spectrum of cardiometabolic disease.

Methods: Subjects who had consented for genetic testing and who were of European ancestry from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 (Effective Anticoagulation with Factor Xa Next Generation in Atrial Fibrillation), SOLID-TIMI 52 (Stabilization of Plaques Using Darapladib), SAVOR-TIMI 53 (Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus), PEGASUS-TIMI 54 (Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared to Placebo on a Background of Aspirin), and FOURIER (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9 Inhibition in Patients With Elevated Risk) trials were included in this analysis.

Improvement of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders after antiretroviral therapy intensification: the Neuro+3 study.

Objectives: Despite the effectiveness of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy to control HIV infection, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain frequent. The Neuro+3 study assessed the cognitive improvement associated with ARV intensification based on increased CNS penetration effectiveness (CPE) scoring ≥+3 and total CPE score ≥9.

Methods: Thirty-one patients, aged 18-65 years, with confirmed diagnosis of HAND and effective ARV therapy were included.

Predictive value of premature atrial complex characteristics in pulmonary vein isolation for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Background: Premature atrial complexes from pulmonary veins are the main triggers for atrial fibrillation in the early stages. Thus, pulmonary vein isolation is the cornerstone of catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. However, the success rate remains perfectible.

Efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with hand osteoarthritis: double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of tocilizumab, an antibody against IL-6 receptor, in patients with hand osteoarthritis.

Methods: This was a multicentre, 12-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study from November 2015 to October 2018. Patients with symptomatic hand osteoarthritis (pain ≥40 on a 0-100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) despite analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; at least three painful joints, Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2) were randomised to receive two infusions 4 weeks apart (weeks 0 and 4) of tocilizumab (8 mg/kg intravenous) or placebo.

The Feasibility of the Full and Modified Versions of the Alarm Distress Baby Scale (ADBB) and the Prevalence of Social Withdrawal in Infants in Nepal.

Background: Sustained social withdrawal in infancy may have organic and nonorganic causes and could hinder normal development. The Alarm Distress Baby (ADBB) scale is a widely validated screening tool of social withdrawal in children 2-24 months. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the full and modified ADBB in Nepalese infants in a community-based study.

The effects of socio-affective environment.

This chapter focuses on new concepts and new paradigms shedding light on the complex issue of socioenvironmental factors that affect the psychologic development of the child. Longitudinal controlled studies have sorted out "what leads to what under which circumstances," adding to the heuristic value of the addition of risks and of the Bronfenbrenner's ecologic model of development and disentangling the socioeconomic status (SES) from poverty. We emphasize the importance of taking attachment styles and attachment disorganization into account for a better understanding of both normal development and early psychopathology.

COVID 19: Ethical dilemmas in human lives.

On 7 May 2020, Columbia University Global Centers hosted an online international symposium on ethical dilemmas during the COVID-19 pandemic. This interdisciplinary engagement between philosophers and Covid medical professionals reports the challenges as well as the discrepancies between ethical guidelines and reality. This collection of presentations identifies four key ethical dilemmas regarding responsibility, fairness, dignity and honouring death.

Factors associated with single-room assignment among patients admitted through the emergency department during influenza epidemics.

Introduction: Every winter, emergency departments (EDs) face overcrowding with patients presenting influenza-like symptoms, and organisational issues such as single room assignment and droplet precautions to avoid hospital-acquired influenza. Our main objective was to assess the impact of PCR results and patient's severity on single room assignment.

Methods: All patients admitted to Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital through the ED and tested for influenza by PCR (GenXpert, Cepheid) or (FilmArray, BioMérieux) on a nasopharyngeal swab were retrospectively included during three influenza seasons (2015-2018.

Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Antiviral Agents Used to Treat SARS-CoV-2 and Their Potential Interaction with Drugs and Other Supportive Measures: A Comprehensive Review by the PK/PD of Anti-Infectives Study Group of the European Society of Antimicrobial Agents.

There is an urgent need to identify optimal antiviral therapies for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. We have conducted a rapid and comprehensive review of relevant pharmacological evidence, focusing on (1) the pharmacokinetics (PK) of potential antiviral therapies; (2) coronavirus-specific pharmacodynamics (PD); (3) PK and PD interactions between proposed combination therapies; (4) pharmacology of major supportive therapies; and (5) anticipated drug-drug interactions (DDIs). We found promising in vitro evidence for remdesivir, (hydroxy)chloroquine and favipiravir against SARS-CoV-2; potential clinical benefit in SARS-CoV-2 with remdesivir, the combination of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) plus ribavirin; and strong evidence for LPV/r plus ribavirin against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) for post-exposure prophylaxis in healthcare workers.

Psychological Support System for Hospital Workers During the Covid-19 Outbreak: Rapid Design and Implementation of the Covid-Psy Hotline.

Background: The worldwide coronavirus outbreak has put hospital workers under extreme stress with possible mental health problems. In this context, we decided to rapidly design and implement a psychological support system for all hospital workers in Paris during the Covid-19 outbreak.

Methods: We built a hotline in 3 days using the following steps: 1) official mandate, 2) request for the creation of hotline numbers, 3) formulation of psychological intervention materials and policies, 4) call for volunteer certified psychologists, 5) call for volunteer certified psychiatrists in case of psychiatric cases, 6) creation of an anonymous and protected database, and 7) communication and regular reminders about the existence of the hotline for hospital workers.

Interactive Guidance Intervention to Address Sustained Social Withdrawal in Preterm Infants in Chile: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Preterm newborns can be exposed early to significant perinatal stress, and this stress can increase the risk of altered socioemotional development. Sustained social withdrawal in infants is an early indicator of emotional distress which is expressed by low reactivity to the environment, and if persistent, is frequently associated with altered psychological development. Infants born prematurely have a higher probability of developing sustained social withdrawal (adjusted odds ratio 1.

[Psychopathological consequences of confinement].

The psychological effects of isolation have already been described in the literature (polar expeditions, submarines, prison). Nevertheless, the scale of confinement implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented. In addition to reviewing the published studies, we need to anticipate the psychological problems that could arise during or at a distance from confinement.

Different profiles of body mass index variation among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Despite the predictive role of body weight variation in treatment outcome in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), few corroborating data are available. We studied weight variation in patients with MDR-TB to identify groups of weight change and to determine factors that influence these changes.

Methods: We analyzed patients with rifampicin resistance who were treated with an MDR-TB treatment regimen between June 07, 2016 and June 22, 2018 at three major drug-resistant TB centers in Guinea.

Natural history of most common spinocerebellar ataxia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are rare dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorders that lead to severe disability and premature death.

Objective: To better characterize the natural history of the most common SCAs, SCA1, SCA2, SCA3 and SCA6, we performed a meta-analysis of literature to determine disease progression, provide data for sample-sizes calculations for interventional trials and study the impact of geographical locations and study follow-up on disease progression.

Methods: A systematic literature search from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for longitudinal natural history studies of SCA patients was conducted.

Standardized Patients or Conventional Lecture for Teaching Communication Skills to Undergraduate Medical Students: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Objective: The conduct of a medical interview is a challenging skill, even for the most qualified physicians. Since a training is needed to acquire the necessary skills to conduct an interview with a patient, we compared role-play with standardized patients (SP) training and a conventional lecture for the acquisition of communications skills in undergraduate medical students.

Methods: An entire promotion of third year undergraduate medical students, who never received any lessons about communications skills, were randomized into 4 arms: 1) SP 2 months before the testing of medical communications skills (SP); 2) conventional lecture 2 months before the testing (CL); 3) two control groups (CG) without any intervention, tested either at the beginning of the study or two months later.

Cross-cultural translation, adaptation and validation of a Japanese version of the functional index for hand osteoarthritis (J-FIHOA).

Background: Hand osteoarthritis (OA) has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and physical function is one of the core domains where patients suffer. The Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis (FIHOA) is a leading assessment tool for hand OA-related functional impairment. Our objective was to make a Japanese version of FIHOA (J-FIHOA) and validate it among Japanese hand OA patients.

A prospective multicentre REFCOR study of 470 cases of head and neck Adenoid cystic carcinoma: epidemiology and prognostic factors.

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) accounts for 1% of malignant head and neck tumours [1] and 10% of salivary glands malignant tumours. The main objective of our study is to investigate the prognostic factors influencing the event-free survival (EFS) of patients with ACC.

Patients And Methods: A multicentre prospective study was conducted from 2009 to 2018.