Removal efficiency of antineoplastic drug cyclophosphamide by hypochlorous acid.

Hypochlorous acid (HClO), one of the major reactive oxygen species, is obtained by electrolyzing a sodium chloride solution. HClO is a safe and effective disinfectant and decomposing agent widely used as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of HClO generated by electrolyzing sodium chloride as a decontaminant.

Hyperfunction of AMPA receptors in the amygdala and hippocampus contributes to enhanced fear memory in diabetic mice.

Patients with diabetes mellitus show an elevated prevalence of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety. We have reported that fear memory, a model related to anxiety as reflected in the freezing response, is enhanced in diabetic mice and was ameliorated by an AMPA receptor antagonist. The present study investigated whether functions of AMPA receptors in the amygdala and hippocampus are altered in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.

Blood endocan as a biomarker for breast cancer recurrence.

Background: Endocan was reported to affect breast cancer patients negatively and was able to be detected from patients' blood.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate if the measurement of blood endocan in breast cancer patients with high ESM1 expression could be an effective tool to detect postoperative recurrence compared with existing tumor markers.

Methods: Blood was collected before and after the tumor resection from the mouse models of breast cancer, and endocan levels were measured while visualizing metastatic recurrence with noninvasive luminescence imaging.

AMP-activated protein kinase in the amygdala and hippocampus contributes to enhanced fear memory in diabetic mice.

Background And Purpose: Diabetic patients have an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Because hyperglycaemia increases L-lactate in the brain and L-lactate inhibits AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), this study investigated the role of L-lactate and AMPK in strengthened fear memory, a model for human psychiatric disorders, in diabetic mice.

Experimental Approach: The diabetic model was mice injected with streptozotocin.

Direct evidence for ultrastructures of the α-synuclein-associated synaptic vesicle pool in presynaptic terminals.

SNCA/PARK1 encodes α-synuclein, which is associated with familial Parkinson's disease. Despite its abundance in presynaptic terminals, the aggregation mechanism of α-synuclein and its relationship with Parkinson's disease have not yet been elucidated. Moreover, the ultrastructures of α-synuclein localization sites in neuronal presynaptic terminals remain unclear.

Infusion Reactions in HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer: Switching from Trastuzumab to Its Biosimilar.

This study presents a safety analysis of infusion reactions (IRs) in gastric cancer patients who switched from reference trastuzumab to its biosimilar, trastuzumab-NK, at the Saitama Cancer Center in Japan from April 2018 to March 2022. IRs were identified if patients developed symptoms such as fever, chills, infusion-related reactions, hypersensitivity, rash, pruritus, urticaria, systemic disorders, or immune system disorders on the day of administration or the following day. The incidence of IRs was 14% in the reference trastuzumab group, 33% in the trastuzumab-NK group, and 33% in the switching group.

Chronic ingestion of soy peptide supplementation reduces aggressive behavior and abnormal fear memory caused by juvenile social isolation.

Juvenile loneliness is a risk factor for psychopathology in later life. Deprivation of early social experience due to peer rejection has a detrimental impact on emotional and cognitive brain function in adulthood. Accumulating evidence indicates that soy peptides have many positive effects on higher brain function in rodents and humans.

Peripheral-central network analysis of cancer cachexia status accompanied by the polarization of hypothalamic microglia with low expression of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors.

While the excessive inflammation in cancer cachexia is well-known to be induced by the overproduction of inflammatory mediators in the periphery, microflora disruption and brain dysfunction are also considered to contribute to the induction of cancer cachexia. Hypothalamic microglia play a crucial role in brain inflammation and central-peripheral immune circuits via the production of inflammatory mediators. In the present study, we evaluated possible changes in excessive secretion of gut microbiota-derived endotoxin and the expression timeline of several inflammation-regulatory mediators and their inhibiting modulators in hypothalamic microglia of a mouse model of cancer cachexia following transplantation of pancreatic cancer cells.

Evaluation of the Simple Suspension Method for Oral Anticancer Drugs.

The simple suspension method (SSM) involves administering tablets or capsules using a tube after disintegration and suspension in hot water without crushing or opening the capsule. Particularly, for anticancer drugs, it is an excellent method of administration that reduces the risk of exposure during dispensing. In contrast, information on SSM for individual drugs is insufficient.

Caldomycin, a new guanidopolyamine produced by a novel agmatine homocoupling enzyme involved in homospermidine biosynthesis.

An extreme thermophilic bacterium, Thermus thermophilus produces more than 20 unusual polyamines, but their biosynthetic pathways, including homospermidine, are not yet fully understood. Two types of homospermidine synthases have been identified in plants and bacteria, which use spermidine and putrescine or two molecules of putrescine as substrates. However, homospermidine synthases with such substrate specificity have not been identified in T.

Quantification of cytosine modifications in the aged mouse brain.

Quantifying cytosine modifications in various brain regions provides important insights into the gene expression regulation and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we quantified 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), 5-hydroxymethylation (5-hmC), and 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) levels in five brain regions (the frontal lobe, cerebral cortical region without frontal lobe, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and the cerebellum) and the heart at three developmental periods (12, 48, and 101 weeks). We observed significant regional variations in cytosine modification.

Placental extract suppresses lipid droplet accumulation by autophagy during the differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells into mature adipocytes.

Objective: Placental extract, which contains various bioactive compounds, has been used as traditional medicine. Many studies have demonstrated additional applications of placental extract and provided a scientific basis for the broad spectrum of its effects. We have previously reported that porcine placental extract (PPE) strongly suppresses adipogenesis in a 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line, inhibiting differentiation.

Transcriptomic (DNA Microarray) and Metabolome (LC-TOF-MS) Analyses of the Liver in High-Fat Diet Mice after Intranasal Administration of GALP (Galanin-like Peptide).

The aim of this research was to test the efficacy and potential clinical application of intranasal administration of galanin-like peptide (GALP) as an anti-obesity treatment under the hypothesis that GALP prevents obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Focusing on the mechanism of regulation of lipid metabolism in peripheral tissues via the autonomic nervous system, we confirmed that, compared with a control (saline), intranasally administered GALP prevented further body weight gain in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice with continued access to an HFD. Using an omics-based approach, we identified several genes and metabolites in the liver tissue of DIO mice that were altered by the administration of intranasal GALP.

Fibroblast growth factor 18 stimulates the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells, thereby inducing liver fibrosis.

Liver fibrosis results from chronic liver injury triggered by factors such as viral infection, excess alcohol intake, and lipid accumulation. However, the mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of fibroblast growth factor 18 (Fgf18) is elevated in mouse livers following the induction of chronic liver fibrosis models.

O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Ensures Survival of Mouse Fetal Liver Hematopoietic Progenitors Partly by Regulating Bcl-xL and Oxidative Phosphorylation.

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) critically regulates wide variety of biological processes such as gene expression, metabolism, stress response, signaling and proteostasis. In adult hematopoiesis, OGT is crucial for differentiation of B and T cells and the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, a role for OGT in fetal liver (FL) hematopoiesis remains unknown.

Downregulation of PGC-1α during cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy in murine skeletal muscle.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of cisplatin on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, expressions of genes related to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and the factors related to mitochondrial biosynthesis in skeletal muscle. Systemic cisplatin administration decreased skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle strength, and endurance. The mitochondrial DNA /nuclear DNA ratio was also reduced after treatment with cisplatin.

Optimization of QuEChERS Extraction for Determination of Carotenoids, Polyphenols, and Sterols in Orange Juice Using Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology.

Several compounds with different physical properties are present in foods, biological components, and environmental samples, and there are cases in which these must be analyzed simultaneously. However, it is difficult to extract compounds with different physical properties from the same sample using a single method. In the present study, we examined the optimal conditions for the QuEChERS extraction of several kinds of compounds from orange juice using design of experiments (DoE) and response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the optimal ratio of organic solvent to sodium chloride.

Regulation of plasma glucose levels by central dopamine D receptors is impaired in type 1 but not type 2 diabetic mouse models.

Glucose metabolism is reported to be regulated by the central nervous system, but it is unclear whether this regulation is altered in diabetes. We investigated whether regulation of glucose metabolism by central dopamine D receptors is altered in type 1 and type 2 diabetic models. Intracerebroventricular injections of both the dopamine D receptor agonist quinpirole and the antagonist l-sulpiride induced hyperglycemia in control mice, but not in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, a type 1 diabetic model.

Cellular senescence induction leads to progressive cell death via the INK4a-RB pathway in naked mole-rats.

Naked mole-rats (NMRs) have exceptional longevity and are resistant to age-related physiological decline and diseases. Given the role of cellular senescence in aging, we postulated that NMRs possess unidentified species-specific mechanisms to prevent senescent cell accumulation. Here, we show that upon induction of cellular senescence, NMR fibroblasts underwent delayed and progressive cell death that required activation of the INK4a-retinoblastoma protein (RB) pathway (termed "INK4a-RB cell death"), a phenomenon not observed in mouse fibroblasts.

Elucidation of the mechanisms of exercise-induced hypoalgesia and pain prolongation due to physical stress and the restriction of movement.

Persistent pain signals cause brain dysfunction and can further prolong pain. In addition, the physical restriction of movement (e.g.

Safety survey on infusion reaction and cardiac dysfunction when switching from reference trastuzumab (HERCEPTIN) to biosimilar trastuzumab (Trastuzumab‑NK) in the treatment of HER2‑positive breast cancer.

The present study is a safety survey of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-positive, chemotherapy-naive breast cancer treated with trastuzumab plus paclitaxel at the Saitama Cancer Center (Saitama, Japan) between April 2018 and March 2022. The expression of infusion reaction (IR) and the effect on cardiac function were investigated in patients who switched from reference trastuzumab (HERCEPTIN) to biosimilar trastuzumab (Trastuzumab-NK) and continued treatment (switching group). The two groups (reference vs.