Assessment of the phenotypic and physicochemical traits of nine Iranian endemic fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.).

Considering the significance of fenugreek as a valuable medicinal and food plant, assessing the genetic diversity of different populations of this species is essential for optimizing performance and adaptability to environmental conditions. This study aims to investigate genetic diversity and identify important phenotypic traits in various Iranian fenugreek accessions ("Mashhad", "Tehran", "Yazd", "Shiraz", "Birjand", "Isfahan", "Kerman", "Kalat", "Neyshabur"), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications and nine treatments (accessions) in Iran. The results showed that the highest seed yield was observed in "Kalat" (120.

The combination of hyperspectral imaging, untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics highlights a coordinated stress-related biochemical reprogramming triggered by polyethylene nanoparticles in lettuce.

Polyethylene nanoplastics (NPs) are widely diffused in terrestrial environments, including soil ecosystems, but the stress mechanisms in plants are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two increasing concentrations of NPs (20 and 200 mg kg of soil) in lettuce. To this aim, high-throughput hyperspectral imaging was combined with metabolomics, covering both primary (using NMR) and secondary metabolism (using LC-HRMS), along with lipidomics profiling (using ion-mobility-LC-HRMS) and plant performance.

A genomic variation map provides insights into potato evolution and key agronomic traits.

Hybrid potato breeding based on diploid inbred lines is transforming the way of genetic improvement of this staple food crop, which requires a deep understanding of potato domestication and differentiation. Here, we resequenced 314 diploid wild and landrace accessions to generate a variome map of 47,203,407 variants. Using the variome map, we discovered the reshaping of tuber transcriptome during potato domestication, characterized genome-wide differentiation between landrace groups Stenotomum and Phureja, and identified a jasmonic acid biosynthetic gene possibly affecting tuber dormancy period.

Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Terbinafine in Combination with Light-Activated Gelatin-Silver Nanoparticles Against Strains.

The development of resistance to traditional antifungal therapies has necessitated the exploration of alternative treatment strategies to effectively manage fungal infections, particularly those induced by (). This research investigates the possibility of integrating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Terbinafine to improve antifungal effectiveness. Terbinafine, while potent, faces challenges with specific fungal strains, highlighting the need for strategies to enhance its treatment efficacy.

Effects of Source on the Nitrogen Uptake, Allocation Patterns, and Performance of Strawberry ( Duch.): A N-Tracer Study.

Nitrogen (N) is an essential determinant of strawberry growth and productivity. However, plants exhibit varying preferences for sources of nitrogen, which ultimately affects its use efficiency. Thus, it is imperative to determine the preferred N source for the optimization of indoor strawberry production.

Seasonal Pattern of Endo-β-Mannanase Activity During Germination of , Exhibiting Morphophysiological Dormancy.

Morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) is considered one of the most primitive dormancy classes among seed plants. While extensive studies have examined the occurrence of endo-β-mannanase in seeds with physiological dormancy (PD) or non-dormancy, little is known about the activity of this enzyme in seeds with MPD. This study aimed to investigate the temporal and spatial patterns of endo-β-mannanase activity during dormancy break and germination.

Genome-Wide Identification and In Silico Expression Analysis of Gene Family in (Citrus) in Response to Abiotic Stress.

The (citrus) plant produces various phytohormones due to the significant involvement of the carotenoid cleavage oxygenase () gene family in its growth and development. genes can be divided into two main categories: (9-cis-epoxy carotenoid dioxygenase), responsible for abscisic acid (ABA) production, and (carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase), involved in pigment and strigolactone formation. To better understand the roles and positions of gene members in relation to these hormones, researchers analyzed the clementine genome.

Enhancing Acclimatization Conditions for 'Fire': A Comparative Analysis of Substrate Effects on Growth and Survival.

This study investigates the acclimatization success of 'Fire', a popular ornamental bromeliad, through in vitro propagation on various substrates. Due to the increasing demand for , micropropagation offers a promising solution to overcome the limitations of traditional propagation methods. In this research, acclimatization was conducted in two trial types: in the one-step greenhouse conditions, and in two-step acclimatization, which introduced a controlled laboratory step before transferring plants to the greenhouse.

Peptide with Dual Roles in Immune and Metabolic Regulation: Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide-2 (LEAP-2).

Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) was originally discovered as an antimicrobial peptide that plays a vital role in the host innate immune system of various vertebrates. Recent research discovered LEAP-2 as an endogenous antagonist and inverse agonist of the GHSR1a receptor. By acting as a competitive antagonist to ghrelin, LEAP-2 influences energy balance and metabolic processes via the ghrelin-GHSR1a signaling pathway.

Effect of Different Harvest Time and Microwave Aging on Aroma Characteristics of Japanese Apricot Wine.

The aroma and nutrition of Japanese apricot fruit change continuously as the fruit ripens. The differences in fruit aroma and nutrition can affect the resulting wine, which is produced by steeping the Japanese apricot fruit. In this study, we used HS-SPME-GC-MS to examine the aromatic compositions of Japanese apricot fruit and wine produced from its macerated fruit at different levels of ripeness.

Characterization and Analysis of 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone Derivatives and Sesquiterpenoids from Agarwood of Four "Qi-Nan" Clones () with Different Induction Times.

In recent years, some new "Qi-Nan" clones of with the characteristics of easy induction and high-quality agarwood have been obtained, through the cultivation and propagation of grafted seedlings. These clones are used for the intensive production of high-quality agarwood. The speed of resin formation and yield are crucial for the development of the agarwood industry.

Redefining the Tea Green Leafhopper: Matsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) as a Vital Asset in Premium Tea Production.

This review explores the evolving role of the tea green leafhopper, , in the tea industry, transitioning from a recognized pest to a significant enhancer of tea quality. Recent research highlights how its feeding behavior stimulates the production of desirable secondary metabolites, thereby improving the flavor profiles and market value of premium teas, particularly varieties like Taiwan's "Oriental Beauty". As consumer demand for unique and artisanal teas rises, the economic benefits associated with are becoming increasingly evident, prompting farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural practices that often involve reduced pesticide use.

Recycling of Agricultural Film Wastes for Use as a Binder in Building Composites.

Plastic film, also known as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), poses serious environmental challenges due to mass production, short life cycle, and poor waste management. The main aim of this paper was to examine the suitability of using agricultural waste film as a binder in construction composites instead of the traditional cement slurry. Molten at temperatures of around 120-150 °C wastes was mixed with fine sand and gravel aggregate as filler.

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals New Insights into Spawn Aging in : Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Spawn aging poses a substantial challenge to the industry. This study focuses on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging process of spawn. We conducted a comprehensive comparative transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying spawn aging.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile of () Gene Family in L.

The biosynthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which are essential for sesquiterpenes and triterpenes, respectively, is primarily governed by the mevalonate pathway, wherein () plays a pivotal role. This study identified eight members of the FPS gene family in , designated -, through bioinformatics analysis, revealing their distribution across several chromosomes and a notable tandem gene cluster. The genes exhibited strong hydrophilic properties and key functional motifs crucial for enzyme activity.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Molecular Regulation of Organic Acid Metabolism During Fruit Development in Late-Maturing Hybrid Citrus Varieties.

Late-maturing hybrid citrus is a significant fruit that combines the best traits of both parents and is highly prized for its unique flavor. Not only can organic acids alter the flavor of citrus pulp, but they are also essential for cellular metabolism, energy conversion, and maintaining the acidbase balance in plant tissues. Although organic acids play a key role in the quality formation of citrus fruits, there is still insufficient research on the metabolic processes of organic acids in late-maturing hybrid citrus varieties.

Cytosine Methylation Changes the Preferred Cis-Regulatory Configuration of Arabidopsis WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox 14.

The Arabidopsis transcription factor WUSCHEL-related homeobox 14 (AtWOX14) plays versatile roles in plant growth and development. However, its biochemical specificity of DNA binding, its genome-wide regulatory targets, and how these are affected by DNA methylation remain uncharacterized. To clarify the biochemistry underlying the regulatory function of AtWOX14, using the recently developed 5mC-incorporation strategy, this study performed SELEX and DAP-seq for AtWOX14 both in the presence and absence of cytosine methylation, systematically curated 65 motif models and identified 51,039 genomic binding sites for AtWOX14, and examined how 5mC affects DNA binding of AtWOX14 through bioinformatic analyses.

Study on the Effect of Bee Venom and Its Main Component Melittin in Delaying Skin Aging in Mice.

Bee venom (BV) and its main compound melittin (MLT) have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging activities; however, very little research has been conducted on their effects on skin aging. In this study, a mouse skin aging model induced by D-galactose was constructed via subcutaneous injection into the scruff of the neck, and different doses of BV and MLT were used as interventions. The anti-aging effects and mechanisms of BV and MLT were explored by detecting the skin morphology and structure, and anti-aging-related factors and performing non-targeted metabolomics of mice.

Transcriptomics and Plant Hormone Analysis Reveal the Mechanism of Branching Angle Formation in Tea Plants ().

The branching angle of tea plants is a key factor in determining their branching structure, which significantly affects yield, suitability for mechanical harvesting, and overall plant architecture. However, the mechanisms underlying branching angle formation in tea plants remain unclear. In this study, we explored the mechanism of branching angle formation in tea plants by analysing the transcriptome and plant hormone levels of tea plant cultivars with different branching angles.

Complete Chloroplast Genomes of 9 Species: Genome Structure, Comparative Analysis, and Phylogenetic Relationships.

is a genus of functional herbaceous plants in the Balsaminaceae, which are not only of great ornamental value and one of the world's top three flower bedding plants but also have a wide range of medicinal and edible uses. Currently, the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of species are still controversial. In order to better understand their chloroplast properties and phylogenetic evolution, nine plants (, , , , , , , , ) were sequenced, and their complete chloroplast genomes were analysed.

The MADS-Box Transcription Factor EjAGL18 Negatively Regulates Malic Acid Content in Loquat by Repressing .

Malic acid is the major organic acid in loquat fruit, contributing to the sourness of fruit and affecting fruit flavor. However, the transcriptional regulation of malic acid in loquat is not well understood. Here, we discovered a MADS-box transcription factor (TF), EjAGL18, that regulated malic acid accumulation in loquat.

The Scent of Lily Flowers: Advances in the Identification, Biosynthesis, and Regulation of Fragrance Components.

Lilies ( spp.) are renowned for their diverse and captivating floral scents, which are highly valued both commercially and ornamentally. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the identification, biosynthesis, and regulation of fragrance components in lily flowers.

Synthetic Microbial Communities Enhance Pepper Growth and Root Morphology by Regulating Rhizosphere Microbial Communities.

Synthetic microbial community (SynCom) application is efficient in promoting crop yield and soil health. However, few studies have been conducted to enhance pepper growth via modulating rhizosphere microbial communities by SynCom application. This study aimed to investigate how SynCom inoculation at the seedling stage impacts pepper growth by modulating the rhizosphere microbiome using high-throughput sequencing technology.

Diversity and Plant Growth-Promoting Properties of Root Endophytic Bacteria.

Plants inhabiting environments with suboptimal growth conditions often have a more pronounced capacity to attract and sustain microbial communities that improve nutrient absorption and expand abiotic stress tolerance. L. is a succulent plant of the family adapted to survive in sandy or rocky soils or dry tundra.

The Identification of Auxin Response Factors and Expression Analyses of Different Floral Development Stages in Roses.

() are important in plant growth and development, especially flower development. However, there is limited research on the comprehensive identification and characterization of genes in roses. We employed bioinformatics tools to identify the genes of roses.