Efficacy of Immunotherapy for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic condition characterized by disproportional pain typically affecting an extremity. Management of CRPS is centered around specific symptomatology, which tends to be a combination of autonomic dysfunction, nociceptive sensitization, chronic inflammation, and/or motor dysfunction. Targeting the autoimmune component of CRPS provides a way to both symptomatically treat as well as minimize progression of CRPS.

Investigation of circulating miR-182-3p, miR -382-3p and miR -93, miR -142-3p involved in tamoxifen resistance and sensitivity in luminal-subtype breast cancer patients: a case-control study.

Breast cancer (BC) commonly expresses estrogen receptors (ERs); hence, endocrine therapy targeting ERs is considered an effective treatment. Tamoxifen (TAM) resistance is an essential clinical complication leading to cancer progression and metastasis. This study investigated MicroRNAs (miRNAs) potentially implicated in drug resistance (miR-182-3p, miR-382-3p) or sensitivity (miR-93, miR- 142- 3p).

Enhanced pharmacokinetic approach for anastrozole in macromolecule-based silk fibroin nanoparticles incorporated injectables for estrogen-positive breast cancer therapy.

Breast cancer (BC) is a substantial reason for cancer-related mortality among women across the globe. Anastrozole (ANS) is an effective orally administered hormonal therapy for estrogen+ (ER+) BC treatment. However, several side effects and pharmacokinetic limitations restricted its uses in BC treatment.

De-escalation of surgical and radiation treatment in elderly luminal breast cancer patients, single institution report and review of the evidence.

Background: De-intensification of anti-cancer therapy without significantly affecting outcomes is an important goal. Omission of axillary surgery or breast radiation is considered a reasonable option in elderly patients with early-stage breast cancer and good prognostic factors. Data on avoidance of both axillary surgery and radiation therapy (RT) is scarce and inconclusive.

Anlotinib in combination with metronomic chemotherapy in HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: an observational and retrospective study.

Anti-angiogenesis offers an important treatment strategy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) provides antiangiogenic effects without increased toxicities, making it good partner for antiangiogenic therapy. We conducted the present retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus MCT for HER2 negative MBC.

Unraveling the hormonal approaches for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and its complementary interventions.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune, chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that causes redness, swelling, stiffness, and joint pain. It is a long-lasting disease that can have a widespread impact on the body, often affecting the hands, feet, and wrists. The immune cells, such as dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, play a significant role in bone degradation and inflammation.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Nutritional and Pharmacological Strategies for Obesity.

Purpose Of Review: This review examines the long-term efficacy and safety of various nutritional and pharmacological strategies for managing obesity. The focus is on the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), very low-energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT), and pharmacological interventions such as naltrexone/bupropion and liraglutide. Given the chronic nature of obesity, understanding the sustainability and impact of these treatments over time is critical.

hsa-mir-483-3p modulates delayed breast cancer recurrence.

Patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer undergoing continuous adjuvant hormone therapy often experience delayed recurrence with tamoxifen use, potentially causing adverse effects. However, the lack of biomarkers hampers patient selection for extended endocrine therapy. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying delayed recurrence and identify biomarkers.

The optimal neoadjuvant treatment strategy for HR+/HER2 + breast cancer: a network meta-analysis.

The efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy varies significantly with hormone receptor (HR) status for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer (BC). Despite extensive research on HER2 + BC, the optimal neoadjuvant strategy for HR+/HER2 + BC remains inconclusive. This study aimed to identify the optimal neoadjuvant regimen for HR+/HER2 + BC treatment.

Non-inferiority of minimally invasive rotational cutting in granulomatous mastitis treatment: a comparative trial.

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) poses challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its similarities with other breast diseases like cancer. The comparative study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a vacuum-assisted biopsy device with minimally invasive excisions compared to traditional wide local excisions. The vacuum-assisted biopsy device technique offers benefits such as precise tissue removal, reduced damage to healthy tissue, shorter surgery and recovery times, and lower postoperative complication risks.

Deeper response predicts better outcomes in high-risk-smoldering-myeloma: results of the I-PRISM phase II clinical trial.

Early therapeutic intervention in high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma (HR-SMM) has shown benefits, however, no studies have assessed whether biochemical progression or response depth predicts long-term outcomes. The single-arm I-PRISM phase II trial (NCT02916771) evaluated ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in 55 patients with HR-SMM. The primary endpoint, median progression-free survival (PFS), was not reached (NR) (95% CI: 57.

Low- and High-Volume Disease in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: From CHAARTED to PSMA PET-An International Multicenter Retrospective Study.

High-volume disease (HVD) and low-volume disease (LVD) definitions in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients are based on conventional imaging (CI) (CT/MRI with bone scan [BS]) according to CHAARTED criteria. HVD and LVD definitions are associated with overall survival and are used for treatment decisions. It remains unknown how these definitions transfer to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET imaging.

Unintentional exposure to leuprolide acetate during early pregnancy with a huge intramural myoma.

Leuprolide acetate is commonly used to reduce the size of myomas before surgery. Initially, it stimulates pituitary gonadotropin secretion, followed by sustained suppression of gonadal function. However, the impact on pregnancy outcomes from inadvertent exposure remains unclear.

Bona fide diminished ovarian reserve or profound ovarian suppression by long-term oral contraceptive use?

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are widely used by reproductive-aged women. Current data suggest that long-term use of COCs can suppress ovarian reserve markers, including anti-mullerian hormone and antral follicle count, which may negatively impact ovarian response and oocyte yield in patients undergoing planned oocyte cryopreservation to preserve future reproductive potential. Discontinuation of COCs can improve ovarian stimulation outcomes, though the ideal duration of cessation is unknown.

The Moreton Lecture Series: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System-Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Inhibition.

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a complex regulator comprising hormones, proteins, and enzymes. The discovery of the RAAS and its pharmacological manipulation has been essential in the management of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. Beyond the benefits of hypertension, RAAS inhibition has implications for heart failure, atherosclerotic disease, and kidney disease.

Anti-Estrogen Therapy Achieves Complete Remission and Stability in Recurrent Cervical Cancer: A Case Study.

BACKGROUND Studies using transgenic mouse models have demonstrated that estrogen is necessary for the development of cervical cancer, particularly in tissues responsive to estrogen. Estrogen also protects cervical cancer cells from apoptosis, suggesting its role in the survival and persistence of cancer cells. CASE REPORT An 84-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and stage III chronic renal failure was diagnosed with cervical squamous cell carcinoma, FIGO stage IB2.

Validating a Case Definition for Transgender Adults Using Administrative Data.

Importance: Administrative health data serve as promising data sources to study transgender health at a population level in the absence of self-reported gender identity.

Objective: To develop and validate case definitions identifying transgender adults in administrative data compared with the reference standard of self-reported gender identity in a universal health care setting.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study conducted in Alberta, Canada, data from provincial administrative health data sources including inpatient hospitalizations, emergency department encounters, primary care visits, prescription drug dispensations, and the provincial health insurance registry were linked and used to develop 15 case definitions (9 for transgender women and 6 for transgender men).

PSMA-PET/CT Findings in Patients With High-Risk Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer With No Metastatic Disease by Conventional Imaging.

Importance: The phase 3 randomized EMBARK trial evaluated enzalutamide with or without leuprolide in high-risk nonmetastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Eligibility relied on conventional imaging, which underdetects metastatic disease compared with prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET).

Objective: To describe the staging information obtained by PSMA-PET/computed tomography (PSMA-PET/CT) in a patient cohort eligible for the EMBARK trial.

Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Steroid Resistant Asthma.

Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that affects millions globally. Although glucocorticoids are a mainstay of asthma treatment, a subset of patients show resistance to these therapies, resulting in poor disease control and increased morbidity. The complex mechanisms underlying steroid-resistant asthma (SRA) involve Th1 and Th17 lymphocyte activity, neutrophil recruitment, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Anti-PD1-/PDL1-induced chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: three cases treated with vedolizumab after corticosteroid failure with mixed results.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), i.e., anti-PD1/PDL1 and anti-CTLA-4, have reshaped the prognosis of many cancers.

Hormonal Therapies for Acne: A Comprehensive Update for Dermatologists.

Introduction: Acne impairs quality of life, often leads to permanent scars, and causes psychological distress. This review aims to update dermatologists on the Federal Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and off-label use of combined oral contraceptives (COC), clascoterone, spironolactone, and emerging hormonal therapies for acne treatment.

Methods: We reviewed current literature on hormonal acne treatments and discussed common patient concerns, barriers to care, and individualized care needs.

Radiation therapy for childhood-onset craniopharyngioma: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Craniopharyngioma (CP), a benign tumor originating from remnants of Rathke's pouch in the sellar region, accounts for approximately 30% of all cases of craniopharyngioma. Radiation therapy has been used to treat CP patients for decades; however, there is still a lack of systematic reviews on the long-term tumor control outcomes in pediatric CP patients treated with external radiation therapy.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases for studies on the tumor progression rates of childhood-onset CP(COCP) patients who received external radiotherapy.

[Recent progress in the treatment of non-T2 asthma].

Non-T2 asthma, also known as non-eosinophilic asthma or low T2 asthma, does not have markers of type 2 inflammation and is often associated with hormone insensitivity and severe asthma. This article reviews the progress in drug therapy for non-T2 asthma.

Adiponectin targets the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway to alleviate cognitive impairment in epilepsy.

Among patients with chronic epilepsy, 70‑80% have cognitive impairment. To investigate the relationship between adiponectin (ADPN) and the cognitive level in epilepsy and its mechanism, 20 epileptic patients and 20 healthy controls were included for the assessment of the cognitive level. An ELISA was used to evaluate the serum ADPN level.