Prevalence of genotypic baseline risk factors for cabotegravir + rilpivirine failure among ARV-naive patients.

Background: Multivariable baseline factor analysis across cabotegravir + rilpivirine clinical trials showed that HIV-1 subtypes A6/A1 and the presence of rilpivirine resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were associated with an increased risk of virological failure of this dual therapy. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of genotypic baseline risk factors for cabotegravir + rilpivirine failure among ARV-naive patients.

Patients And Methods: From 2010 to 2020, 4212 sequences from ARV-naive patients were collected from three large Parisian academic hospital genotypic databases.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis imported into low-incidence countries-a GeoSentinel analysis, 2008-2020.

Background: Early detection of imported multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is crucial, but knowledge gaps remain about migration- and travel-associated MDR-TB epidemiology. The aim was to describe epidemiologic characteristics among international travellers and migrants with MDR-TB.

Methods: Clinician-determined and microbiologically confirmed MDR-TB diagnoses deemed to be related to travel or migration were extracted from GeoSentinel, a global surveillance network of travel and tropical medicine clinics, from January 2008 through December 2020.

Cumulative incidence and risk factors for radiation induced leukoencephalopathy in high grade glioma long term survivors.

The incidence and risk factors associated with radiation-induced leukoencephalopathy (RIL) in long-term survivors of high-grade glioma (HGG) are still poorly investigated. We performed a retrospective research in our institutional database for patients with supratentorial HGG treated with focal radiotherapy, having a progression-free overall survival > 30 months and available germline DNA. We reviewed MRI scans for signs of leukoencephalopathy on T2/FLAIR sequences, and medical records for information on cerebrovascular risk factors and neurological symptoms.

Prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression and environmental factors: The IGEDEPP cohort.

Background: IGEDEPP (Interaction of Gene and Environment of Depression during PostPartum) is a prospective multicenter cohort study of 3310 Caucasian women who gave birth between 2011 and 2016, with follow-up until one year postpartum. The aim of the current study is to describe the cohort and estimate the prevalence and cumulative incidence of early and late-onset postpartum depression (PPD).

Methods: Socio-demographic data, personal and family psychiatric history, as well as stressful life events during childhood and pregnancy were evaluated at baseline.

Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma: surveillance strategy directed by immune-epidemiology.

Hepatitis B infection (HBV) is one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The age of occurrence, prognosis and incidence vary dramatically depending on the region of the world. This geographic variation is largely dependent on the contrasting incidence of HBV, age of transmission of the virus, the timing of integration into the human genome, and different HBV genotypes, as well as environmental factors.

Infective endocarditis due to Neisseria elongata: A case report and literature review.

Introduction: Neisseria elongata (NE), a Gram-negative, rod-shaped organism, was previously thought to be non-pathogenic. However, in recent years it has become increasingly recognized as a rare cause of infective endocarditis. In this paper, we report a case of NE infective endocarditis and provide a review of the literature.

Leukoencephalopathy with transient splenial lesions related to 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine.

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and its oral prodrug capecitabine have been rarely but consistently associated with acute central nervous system toxicity, including transient leukoencephalopathies involving the splenium of the corpus callosum.

Methods: We performed a retrospective search in the French Pharmacovigilance database (FPDB) (January 1985-July 2020) for adult patients affected by solid cancers who developed acute toxic leukoencephalopathies with splenial lesions following treatment with 5-FU or capecitabine. A comprehensive review of the literature helped to circumstantiate our findings.

No difference in HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance between CSF and blood compartments.

Background: Little is known about HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance in the CNS.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate integrase inhibitor resistance in CSF, as a marker of the CNS, and compare it with the resistance in plasma.

Methods: HIV integrase was sequenced both in plasma and CSF for 59 HIV-1 patients.

Pathway-based classification of glioblastoma uncovers a mitochondrial subtype with therapeutic vulnerabilities.

The transcriptomic classification of glioblastoma (GBM) has failed to predict survival and therapeutic vulnerabilities. A computational approach for unbiased identification of core biological traits of single cells and bulk tumors uncovered four tumor cell states and GBM subtypes distributed along neurodevelopmental and metabolic axes, classified as proliferative/progenitor, neuronal, mitochondrial and glycolytic/plurimetabolic. Each subtype was enriched with biologically coherent multiomic features.

Impact of age on survival in radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer patients.

Objective: The objectives of our study were to analyze the influence of age on the survival of patients with RAIR-DTC and to determine their prognostic factors according to age.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective study enrolled 155 patients diagnosed with RAIR-DTC. The primary end point was overall survival (OS) according to different cutoff (45, 55, 65, 75 years).

From congestive hepatopathy to hepatocellular carcinoma, how can we improve patient management?

Heart failure and liver disease often coexist because of systemic disorders and diseases that affect both organs as well as complex cardio-hepatic interactions. Heart failure can cause acute or chronic liver injury due to ischaemia and passive venous congestion, respectively. Congestive hepatopathy is frequently observed in patients with congenital heart disease and after the Fontan procedure, but also in older patients with chronic heart failure.

The Use of Doppler Ultrasound for Suspected Testicular Torsion: Lessons Learned from a 15-Year Multicentre Retrospective Study of 2922 Patients.

Background: Use of Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) for patients with suspected testicular torsion (TT) is highly controversial and remains debated, as it can delay surgery and its performance may vary.

Objective: To assess the role, impact, safety, and performance of DUS in the management of patients with suspected TT before scrotal exploration.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The TORSAFUF cohort retrospectively included patients older than 12 yr who underwent surgery for suspected TT in 14 academic hospitals between 2005 and 2019.

Long-term outcomes after penile prosthesis placement for the Management of Erectile Dysfunction: a single-Centre experience.

Background: Penile prothesis (PP) is the gold-standard treatment of drug-refractory erectile dysfunction (ED). While postoperative outcomes have been widely described in the literature, there are few data about patient satisfaction and intraoperative events. We aimed to assess long-term patient satisfaction and perioperative outcomes after PP implantation in a single-centre cohort of unselected patients using validated scales.

An updated systematic review and network meta-analysis of 25 randomized trials assessing the efficacy and safety of treatments in COVID-19 disease.

To date, there is no definite effective treatment for the COVID- 19 pandemic. We performed an update network meta-analysis to compare and rank COVID-19 treatments according to their efficacy and safety. Literature search was performed from MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases from inception to September 5, 2020.

[Usefulness of combined sequencing of the mitochondrial genome and a targeted panel of nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial diseases].

The molecular study of mitochondrial diseases, essential for diagnosis, is special due to the dual genetic origin of these pathologies: mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA. Complete mtDNA sequencing still remains the first line diagnostic test followed if negative, by resequencing panels of several hundred mitochondrially-encoded nuclear genes. This strategy, with an initial entire mtDNA sequencing, is currently justified by the presence of nuclear mitochondrial DNA sequences (NUMTs) in the nuclear genome.

Preemptive ganciclovir for mechanically ventilated patients with cytomegalovirus reactivation.

Background: The effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation on the length of mechanical ventilation and mortality in immunocompetent ICU patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation remains controversial. The main objective of this study was to determine whether preemptive intravenous ganciclovir increases the number of ventilator-free days in patients with CMV blood reactivation.

Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial involved 19 ICUs in France.

In Silico Investigation of the New UK (B.1.1.7) and South African (501Y.V2) SARS-CoV-2 Variants with a Focus at the ACE2-Spike RBD Interface.

SARS-CoV-2 exploits angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor to invade cells. It has been reported that the UK and South African strains may have higher transmission capabilities, eventually in part due to amino acid substitutions on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The pathogenicity seems modified but is still under investigation.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a new gold standard?

Objectives: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a very rare and opportunistic encephalitis caused by JC polyomavirus that is linked to profound immunosuppression and is usually fatal unless immune function can be restored. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block either CTLA-4 or PD-1 inhibitor receptors, thus enhancing antiviral T-cell activity. Successful treatment of PML by ICI has recently generated some enthusiasm in case reports/small series of patients.