Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to infectious diseases in solid organ transplant recipients.

Purpose: Prognosis of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients has improved, mainly because of better prevention of rejection by immunosuppressive therapies. However, SOT recipients are highly susceptible to conventional and opportunistic infections, which represent a major cause of morbidity, graft dysfunction and mortality.

Methods: Narrative review.

Conserved and specific features of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae transcriptional landscapes.

Background: The human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, or group A Streptococcus, is responsible for mild infections to life-threatening diseases. To facilitate the characterization of regulatory networks involved in the adaptation of this pathogen to its different environments and their evolution, we have determined the primary transcriptome of a serotype M1 S. pyogenes strain at single-nucleotide resolution and compared it with that of Streptococcus agalactiae, also from the pyogenic group of streptococci.

Enhanced Renewal of Erythroid Progenitors in Myelodysplastic Anemia by Peripheral Serotonin.

Tryptophan as the precursor of several active compounds, including kynurenine and serotonin, is critical for numerous important metabolic functions. Enhanced tryptophan metabolism toward the kynurenine pathway has been associated with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), which are preleukemic clonal diseases characterized by dysplastic bone marrow and cytopenias. Here, we reveal a fundamental role for tryptophan metabolized along the serotonin pathway in normal erythropoiesis and in the physiopathology of MDS-related anemia.

Early blood transcriptomic signature predicts patients' outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Background: Early prognostication is a major challenge after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Aims: We hypothesized that a genome-wide analysis of blood gene expression could offer new prognostic tools and lines of research.

Methods: Sixty-nine patients were enrolled from an ancillary study of the clinical trial NCT00999583 that tested the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) after OHCA.

Serum antimüllerian hormone concentration increases with ovarian endometrioma size.

Objective: To examine whether serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels correlate with the size of ovarian endometrioma (OMA).

Design: An observational cross-sectional study.

Setting: University hospital.

Pulmonary infections prime the development of subsequent ICU-acquired pneumonia in septic shock.

Purpose: To investigate the determinants and the prognosis of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia in patients with septic shock.

Methods: This single-center retrospective study was conducted in a medical ICU in a tertiary care center from January 2008 to December 2016. All consecutive patients diagnosed for septic shock within the first 48 h of ICU admission were included.

Preterm premature rupture of the membranes: Guidelines for clinical practice from the French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF).

In France, the frequency of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) is 2%-3% before 37 weeks' gestation (level of evidence [LE] 2) and less than 1% before 34 weeks (LE2). Preterm delivery and intrauterine infection are the major complications of preterm PROM (PPROM) (LE2). Prolongation of the latency period is beneficial (LE2).

[Hormonal contraception and vascular risk].

Hormonal contraception and vascular risk. Since the early 1960, it has been well documented that combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC) increase the risk of venous thromboembolism diseases (VTE) and arterial diseases, even if it is an uncommon disease before menopause. Vascular risk is the most important determinant of the benefit/ risk profile of hormonal contraceptive.

[Choosing the first contraceptive: a major step].

Long-acting reversible contraception. Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) have a long-prolonged efficacy over 3 to 5 years depending on the method. They have become in recent years a subject of major interest in contraception.

[Long-acting reversible contraception].

Long-acting reversible contraception. Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) have a long-prolonged efficacy over 3 to 5 years depending on the method. They have become in recent years a subject of major interest in contraception.

[Evolution of contraceptive practices in France].

Evolution of contraceptive practices in France. In France, since the end of the 1970s, the evolution of the contraceptive landscape has been analyzed with studies conducted at regular intervals. Several phenomena have contributed to the evolution of contraceptive strategies.

EZH1/2 function mostly within canonical PRC2 and exhibit proliferation-dependent redundancy that shapes mutational signatures in cancer.

Genetic mutations affecting chromatin modifiers are widespread in cancers. In malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which plays a crucial role in gene silencing, is inactivated through recurrent mutations in core subunits embryonic ectoderm development (EED) and suppressor of zeste 12 homolog (SUZ12), but mutations in PRC2's main catalytic subunit enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) have never been found. This is in contrast to myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, which harbor frequent loss-of-function mutations in EZH2.

Evidence-based guidelines for the management of abnormally invasive placenta: recommendations from the International Society for Abnormally Invasive Placenta.

The worldwide incidence of abnormally invasive placenta is rapidly rising, following the trend of increasing cesarean delivery. It is a heterogeneous condition and has a high maternal morbidity and mortality rate, presenting specific intrapartum challenges. Its rarity makes developing individual expertise difficult for the majority of clinicians.

Update: Focus in-hospital maternal cardiac arrest.

The incidence of maternal cardiac arrest ranges from 1/55,000 to 1/12,000 births. It is due most frequently to cardiovascular, hemorrhagic, and anesthesia-related causes, as well as to amniotic fluid embolism. The basic principles of resuscitation remain applicable in this situation, but the physiological modifications of pregnancy must be taken into account, in particular, the aortocaval compression syndrome.

Calpain 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is associated with poor prognosis in lepidic predominant pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Calpain 1 is a proinflammatory calcium-activated cysteine protease, which can be partly externalized. Extracellular calpains limit inflammatory processes and promote tissue repair, through cell proliferation and migration. Toll like receptor (TLR) 2 has been identified as a target of extracellular calpains in lymphocytes.

Association between gestational age and severe maternal morbidity and mortality of preterm cesarean delivery: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Cesarean delivery rates at extreme prematurity have regularly increased over the past years, and few previous studies have investigated severe maternal morbidity associated with extreme preterm cesarean delivery.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether gestational age <26 weeks of gestation (weeks) was associated with severe maternal morbidity and mortality (SMMM) of preterm cesarean deliveries in comparison with cesarean deliveries between 26 and 34 weeks.

Materials And Methods: The Etude Epidémiologique sur les petits âges gestationnels (EPIPAGE) 2 is a national prospective population-based cohort study of preterm births in 2011.

[Some important breakthroughs in oncology and hematology in 2018: A selection by the editorial board of Bulletin du Cancer].

The editorial board of Bulletin du Cancer presents some hot topics published or presented in major oncology meetings in 2018. This selection is related to pediatric oncology and to solid and hemato-malignancies in adults, with immunotherapy approaches (checkpoints or CAR-T) as one of the major breakthroughs. Putative impacts on daily practices are discussed, in order to detail what will really change our practice.