Impact of radiotherapy schedule on survival of patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors for advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Preclinical and clinical data suggest a potential benefit in the addition of radiotherapy (RT) to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) during the treatment of advanced cancers. Nevertheless, the ideal patients for this approach and the optimal RT regimen is still debated.

Material And Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the effect RT schedule has on survival for advanced non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma patients (pts) treated with ICI (anti-PD1 or anti-CTLA4) and concomitant RT.

Machine learning-based prediction of emergency neurosurgery within 24 h after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.

Background: Rapid referral of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients requiring emergency neurosurgery to a specialized trauma center can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. Currently, no model has been reported to predict the need for acute neurosurgery in severe to moderate TBI patients. This study aims to evaluate the performance of Machine Learning-based models to establish to predict the need for neurosurgery procedure within 24 h after moderate to severe TBI.

Parental occupational exposure to combustion products, metals, silica and asbestos and risk of childhood leukaemia: Findings from the Childhood Cancer and Leukaemia International Consortium (CLIC).

Parental occupational exposures around conception (father) or during pregnancy (mother) have been hypothesized as potential predisposing factors for childhood leukaemia. We investigated parental exposure to several known occupational carcinogens and childhood leukaemia risk. We conducted a pooled analysis using case-control data from four European countries (3362 childhood leukemia cases and 6268 controls).

Clinical significance of a self-reported familial occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis among patients with recent-onset arthritis: data from the ESPOIR cohort.

Objectives: To assess, in patients with recent-onset arthritis, whether a self-reported familial occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with a clinical presentation of the disease, final diagnosis, long-term outcome and treatment decisions.

Methods: The study was conducted from data of patients included between 2002 and 2005 in the early arthritis ESPOIR cohort. Patients were recruited on the basis of having at least two swollen joints for >6 weeks and <6 months, no other diagnosis than RA and no previous exposure to glucocorticoids or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

[French practical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of IPF - 2021 update, full version].

Background: Since the previous French guidelines were published in 2017, substantial additional knowledge about idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has accumulated.

Methods: Under the auspices of the French-speaking Learned Society of Pulmonology and at the initiative of the coordinating reference center, practical guidelines for treatment of rare pulmonary diseases have been established. They were elaborated by groups of writers, reviewers and coordinators with the help of the OrphaLung network, as well as pulmonologists with varying practice modalities, radiologists, pathologists, a general practitioner, a head nurse, and a patients' association.

Fluid challenge in critically ill patients receiving haemodynamic monitoring: a systematic review and comparison of two decades.

Introduction: Fluid challenges are widely adopted in critically ill patients to reverse haemodynamic instability. We reviewed the literature to appraise fluid challenge characteristics in intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving haemodynamic monitoring and considered two decades: 2000-2010 and 2011-2021.

Methods: We assessed research studies and collected data regarding study setting, patient population, fluid challenge characteristics, and monitoring.

A Genetic Association Test Accounting for Skewed X-Inactivation With Application to Biotherapy Immunogenicity in Patients With Autoimmune Diseases.

Despite being assayed on commercialized DNA chips, the X chromosome is commonly excluded from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). One of the reasons is the complexity to analyze the data taking into account the X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) process in women and in particular the XCI process with a potentially skewed pattern. This is the case when investigating the role of X-linked genetic variants in the occurrence of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) in patients with autoimmune diseases treated by biotherapies.

"Triple low" free-breathing CTPA protocol for patients with dyspnoea.

Aim: To assess the performance of a "triple-low" free-breathing protocol for computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) evaluated on patients with dyspnoea and suspected pulmonary embolism and discuss its application in routine clinical practice for the study of the pulmonary parenchyma and vasculature.

Material And Methods: This study was conducted on a selected group of dyspnoeic patients referred for CTPA. The protocol was designed using fast free-breathing acquisition and a small, fixed volume (35 ml) of contrast agent in order to achieve a low-exposure dose.

The dural angioleiomyoma harbors frequent GJA4 mutation and a distinct DNA methylation profile.

The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) has defined four vascular lesions in the central nervous system (CNS): arteriovenous malformations, cavernous angiomas (also known as cerebral cavernous malformations), venous malformations, and telangiectasias. From a retrospective central radiological and histopathological review of 202 CNS vascular lesions, we identified three cases of unclassified vascular lesions. Interestingly, they shared the same radiological and histopathological features evoking the cavernous subtype of angioleiomyomas described in the soft tissue.

Management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: an update for the intensivist.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the most fatal and debilitating conditions in the world. Current clinical management in severe TBI patients is mainly concerned with reducing secondary insults and optimizing the balance between substrate delivery and consumption. Over the past decades, multimodality monitoring has become more widely available, and clinical management protocols have been published that recommend potential interventions to correct pathophysiological derangements.

Influence of breast cancer prognostic factors on oocyte in vitro maturation outcomes performed for urgent fertility preservation.

Study Question: Do breast cancer (BC) characteristics influence IVM of oocytes outcomes in patients undergoing fertility preservation (FP)?

Summary Answer: Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) III grade, triple-negative BC and HER2 overexpression are independent predictors of fewer oocytes or poor IVM outcomes in young women seeking FP.

What Is Known Already: SBR grade, triple-negative status and overexpression of HER2, as well as a high Ki67 proliferation index are all established prognostic factors for BC, influencing patients' therapeutic management. Yet there are also concerns about the potential impact of cancer status on ovarian reserve and function.

COVID-19 infection among patients with autoinflammatory diseases: a study on 117 French patients compared with 1545 from the French RMD COVID-19 cohort: COVIMAI - the French cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patient with systemic autoinflammatory diseases.

Objective: There is little known about SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with systemic autoinflammatory disease (SAID). This study aimed to describe epidemiological features associated with severe disease form and death. Mortality between patients with and without SAID hospitalised for SARS-CoV-2 infection was compared.

Bayesian causal network modeling suggests adolescent cannabis use accelerates prefrontal cortical thinning.

While there is substantial evidence that cannabis use is associated with differences in human brain development, most of this evidence is correlational in nature. Bayesian causal network (BCN) modeling attempts to identify probable causal relationships in correlational data using conditional probabilities to estimate directional associations between a set of interrelated variables. In this study, we employed BCN modeling in 637 adolescents from the IMAGEN study who were cannabis naïve at age 14 to provide evidence that the accelerated prefrontal cortical thinning found previously in adolescent cannabis users by Albaugh et al.

Patient characteristics, management and outcomes in a Nordic subset of the "large observational study to understand the global impact of severe acute respiratory failure" (LUNG SAFE) study.

Background: The "Large observational study to understand the global impact of severe acute respiratory failure" (LUNG SAFE) study described the worldwide epidemiology and management of patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF). Here, we present the Nordic subset of data from the LUNG SAFE cohort.

Methods: We extracted LUNG SAFE data for adults fulfilling criteria for AHRF in intensive care units (ICU) in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, including demographics, co-morbidities, clinical assessment and management characteristics, 90-day survival and length-of-stay (LOS).