The ocular microbiome and microbiota and their effects on ocular surface pathophysiology and disorders.

The ocular surface flora perform an important role in the defense mechanisms of the ocular surface system. Its regulation of the immunological activity and the barrier effect against pathogen invasion are remarkable. Composition of the flora differs according to the methods of investigation, because the microbiome, composed of the genetic material of bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and eukaryotes on the ocular surface, differs from the microbiota, which are the community of microorganisms that colonize the ocular surface.

TRIM33 gene somatic mutations identified by next generation sequencing in neoplasms of patients with anti-TIF1γ positive cancer-associated dermatomyositis.

Objective: To deep sequence the TRIM33 gene in tumours from patients with cancer-associated anti-TIF1γ autoantibody-positive dermatomyositis (DM) as TRIM33 somatic mutations in tumours may trigger this auto-immune disease.

Methods: Next generation sequencing of tumour DNA samples from patients with cancer-associated anti-TIF1γ autoantibody-positive DM. Fourteen tumours from 13 anti-TIF1γ autoantibody-positive DM individuals were sequenced along with two control tumours from non-DM individuals.

Physical exercise-related endophenotypes in anorexia nervosa.

Background: The persistence of physical exercise in anorexia nervosa (AN) despite underweight and its maintaining factors are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes toward physical exercise and its effects on emotions, cognitive functioning, and body image perception in patients with AN, and to search for exercise-related endophenotypes of the pathology.

Methods: Physical exercise dependence, quantity, and dysregulation were assessed by the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS), the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) and a standardized effort test in 88 patients with AN, 30 unaffected relatives and 89 healthy controls.

Clinical characteristics and long-term surgical outcome of spinal myxopapillary ependymoma: a French cohort of 101 patients.

Purpose: Myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is the most frequent tumor affecting the medullary conus. The surgical therapeutic management is still debated and only few studies have focused on the postoperative clinical outcome of patients. This study aimed to demonstrate long-term postoperative outcome and to assess the predictive factors of recurrence as well as the clinical evolution of these patients.

European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) SLE classification criteria item performance.

Background/objectives: The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2019 classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus system showed high specificity, while attaining also high sensitivity. We hereby analysed the performance of the individual criteria items and their contribution to the overall performance of the criteria.

Methods: We combined the EULAR/ACR derivation and validation cohorts for a total of 1197 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and n=1074 non-SLE patients with a variety of conditions mimicking SLE, such as other autoimmune diseases, and calculated the sensitivity and specificity for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and the 23 specific criteria items.

A Post Hoc Analysis of Osmotherapy Use in the Erythropoietin in Traumatic Brain Injury Study-Associations With Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality.

Objectives: Mannitol and hypertonic saline are used to treat raised intracerebral pressure in patients with traumatic brain injury, but their possible effects on kidney function and mortality are unknown.

Design: A post hoc analysis of the erythropoietin trial in traumatic brain injury (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00987454) including daily data on mannitol and hypertonic saline use.

Detection of arterial pressure waveform error using machine learning trained algorithms.

In critically ill and high-risk surgical room patients, an invasive arterial catheter is often inserted to continuously measure arterial pressure (AP). The arterial waveform pressure measurement, however, may be compromised by damping or inappropriate reference placement of the pressure transducer. Clinicians, decision support systems, or closed-loop applications that rely on such information would benefit from the ability to detect error from the waveform alone.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a new gold standard?

Objectives: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a very rare and opportunistic encephalitis caused by JC polyomavirus that is linked to profound immunosuppression and is usually fatal unless immune function can be restored. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block either CTLA-4 or PD-1 inhibitor receptors, thus enhancing antiviral T-cell activity. Successful treatment of PML by ICI has recently generated some enthusiasm in case reports/small series of patients.

Early liver transplantation for corticosteroid non-responders with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis: The SURFASA score.

Background & Aims: In acute severe autoimmune hepatitis (AS-AIH), the optimal timing for liver transplantation (LT) remains controversial. The objectives of this study were to determine early predictive factors for a non-response to corticosteroids and to propose a score to identify patients in whom LT is urgently indicated.

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter study (2009-2016).

Cerebrovascular Autoregulation Monitoring in the Management of Adult Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Delphi Consensus of Clinicians.

Background: Several methods have been proposed to measure cerebrovascular autoregulation (CA) in traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the lack of a gold standard and the absence of prospective clinical data on risks, impact on care and outcomes of implementation of CA-guided management lead to uncertainty.

Aim: To formulate statements using a Delphi consensus approach employing a group of expert clinicians, that reflect current knowledge of CA, aspects that can be implemented in TBI management and CA research priorities.

Methods: A group of 25 international academic experts with clinical expertise in the management of adult severe TBI patients participated in this consensus process.

Duration of diaphragmatic inactivity after endotracheal intubation of critically ill patients.

Background: In patients intubated for mechanical ventilation, prolonged diaphragm inactivity could lead to weakness and poor outcome. Time to resume a minimal diaphragm activity may be related to sedation practice and patient severity.

Methods: Prospective observational study in critically ill patients.

Intraoperative hypotension during liver transplant surgery is associated with postoperative acute kidney injury: a historical cohort study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently after liver transplant surgery and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While the impact of intraoperative hypotension (IOH) on postoperative AKI has been well demonstrated in patients undergoing a wide variety of non-cardiac surgeries, it remains poorly studied in liver transplant surgery. We tested the hypothesis that IOH is associated with AKI following liver transplant surgery.

Pre-procedural predictive factors of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after thrombectomy in stroke.

Objective: Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is a common complication of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) associated with limited treatments and poor outcomes. We aimed to identify predictive factors of sICH in patients with AIS following mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in a real-world setting.

Methods: Patients with large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation treated with MT were consecutively included in a prospective monocentric cohort.

Population pharmacokinetic model of blood THC and its metabolites in chronic and occasional cannabis users and relationship with on-site oral fluid testing.

Aims: To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PP) model of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites in blood and to determine the relationship between blood THC pharmacokinetics and results of on-site oral fluid (OF) testing in chronic (CC) and occasional (OC) cannabis users.

Methods: Fifteen CC (1-2 joints/day) and 15 OC (1-2 joints/week) aged 18-34 years were included, genotyped for their CYP2C9 polymorphisms. Twelve measurements of blood THC, 11-OH-THC and THC-COOH were carried out during the 24-hour period after controlled cross-over random inhalation of placebo, 10 mg or 30 mg of THC.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome: characterization and outcomes of 51 patients.

Objective: To analyse the prognosis and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with primary SS.

Methods: We searched for patients with primary SS presenting with SARS-CoV-2 infection (defined following and according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control guidelines) among those included in the Big Data Sjögren Registry, an international, multicentre registry of patients diagnosed according to the 2002/2016 classification criteria.

Results: A total of 51 patients were included in the study (46 women, mean age at diagnosis of infection of 60 years).

Response to plasma exchange and graft survival in recurrent focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis after transplantation: does the time of recurrence matter? A retrospective study.

Recurrence of primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis following kidney transplantation (rFSGS) is a frequent and severe disease. We studied the time to recurrence of FSGS and its impact on the response to plasma exchange (PE) and graft survival. Between 1990 and 2013, 2730 kidney transplants were performed, including 52 patients with a primary diagnosis of FSGS.

PTEN, ATM, IDH1 mutations and MAPK pathway activation as modulators of PFS and OS in patients treated by first line EGFR TKI, an ancillary study of the French Cooperative Thoracic Intergroup (IFCT) Biomarkers France project.

Objectives: Tumor mutation screening is standard of care for patients with stage IV NSCLC. Since a couple of years, widespread NGS approaches used in routine diagnostics to detect driver mutations such as EGFR, KRAS, BRAF or MET allows the identification of other alterations that could modulated the intensity or duration of response to targeted therapies. The prevalence of co-occurring alterations that could affect response or prognosis as not been largely analyzed in clinical settings and large cohorts of patients.