Effort-reward imbalance and long-term benzodiazepine use: longitudinal findings from the CONSTANCES cohort.

Objectives: To examine the association between effort-reward imbalance and incident long-term benzodiazepine use (LTBU).

Methods: We included 31 077 employed participants enrolled in the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort between 2012 and 2014 who had not undergone LTBU in the 2 years before enrolment. LTBU was examined using drug reimbursement administrative databases.

Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Smoking Reduction in France.

Importance: The electronic cigarette (EC) has become popular among smokers who wish to reduce their tobacco use levels or quit smoking, but its effectiveness as a cessation aid is uncertain.

Objective: To examine the association of regular EC use with the number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking cessation among current smokers, and smoking relapse among former smokers.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The CONSTANCES (Consultants des Centres d'Examens de Santé) cohort study, based in France, began recruiting participants January 6, 2012, and is currently ongoing.

Quality of life instruments used in problem gambling studies: A systematic review and a meta-analysis.

The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the instruments used in original articles to measure quality of life (QOL) or health-related QOL (HRQOL) in gambling-disorder patients and to assess their suitability. The systematic literature search to identify QOL/HRQOL instruments used among gambling-disorder patients was performed in PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases up to November 2018. A meta-analysis was performed to study the effect size of the QOL/HRQOL instruments and gambling outcomes after an intervention.

[Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency screening for management of patients receiving a fluoropyrimidine: Results of two national practice surveys addressed to clinicians and biologists].

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency is the main cause of early severe toxicities induced by fluoropyrimidines (FP). The French Group of Clinical Oncopharmacology (GPCO)-Unicancer and the French Pharmacogenetics Network (RNPGx) initiated two surveys, one addressed to oncologists, the other to biologists, in order to evaluate routine practices regarding DPD deficiency screening at national level, as well as compliance, motivations and obstacles for implementation of these tests. These anonymized online surveys were performed with the logistic assistance of the Francophone Federation of Digestive Oncology (FFCD) and the support of numerous medical and biological societies.

[Functional somatic syndromes: A comprehensive cognitive model].

Functional somatic syndromes are frequent in general and specialized medicine practices. Several treatments can be useful. However, the treatment program is often hampered by patients' reluctance to acknowledge the diagnosis because of erroneous lay representations.

Physicians' Perspectives About Burnout: a Systematic Review and Metasynthesis.

Background: Doctors' burnout is a major public health issue with important harmful effects on both the healthcare system and physicians' mental health. Qualitative studies are relevant in this context, focusing as they do on the views of the physicians of how they live and understand burnout in their own professional field.

Objective: To explore physicians' perspectives on burnout by applying a metasynthesis approach, including a systematic literature review and analysis of the qualitative studies.

Prevalence of prescribed benzodiazepine long-term use in the French general population according to sociodemographic and clinical factors: findings from the CONSTANCES cohort.

Background: Data are lacking regarding the prevalence of benzodiazepine long-term use in the general population. Our aim was to examine the prevalence of prescribed benzodiazepine long-term use (BLTU) according to sociodemographic and clinical factors in the French general population.

Methods: Data came from 4686 men and 4849 women included in 2015 in the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort.

The Adverse Drug Reactions From Patient Reports in Social Media Project: Protocol for an Evaluation Against a Gold Standard.

Background: Social media is a potential source of information on postmarketing drug safety surveillance that still remains unexploited nowadays. Information technology solutions aiming at extracting adverse reactions (ADRs) from posts on health forums require a rigorous evaluation methodology if their results are to be used to make decisions. First, a gold standard, consisting of manual annotations of the ADR by human experts from the corpus extracted from social media, must be implemented and its quality must be assessed.

[Definition of somatoform disorders: somatic symptoms or mental symptoms?].

Definition of somatoform disorders: somatic symptoms or mental symptoms? Somatoform disorders, which used to be considered as mental disorders, are frequent, especially in the context of non-psychiatric medical consultations. The absence of an identifiable organic cause for these disorders often leads clinicians to underestimates their harmful consequences or even challenge their validity as disease. However, they are real disorders that may have a major impact on the quality of life and functional outcomes of the subject and whose mechanisms can be targeted by therapeutic interventions.

Psychological and psychiatric aspects of face transplantation: Lessons learned from the long-term follow-up of six patients.

Since 2005, at least 38 face transplantations have been performed worldwide. Available recommendations on psychological management are based on isolated cases or small case series, either not focused on mental health or with a short follow-up. We propose herein a clinical commentary on psychological and psychiatric outcomes from the follow-up of a prospective single-center cohort of six patients over a period of 3.

Patients' perspectives on acromegaly diagnostic delay: a qualitative study.

Context Acromegaly has a substantial diagnostic delay associated with an increased risk of comorbidities and psychosocial deterioration. Qualitative methods which focus on the ways that individuals understand and relate to what they are experiencing are the best methods for exploring patients' perspectives. To the best of our knowledge, they have not been developed in the context of acromegaly.

[Disclosure of an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis].

The disclosure of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is a necessity and a right for patients and their family. If forms part of a diagnosis procedure which gives an origin and an explanation to the impairments. The disclosure ensures patients become engaged in their care and enables them to maintain some form of hope regarding their remaining capacities.

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome management: Is there anything new?

Patients with alcohol use disorder experience frequently alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), which is a potentially life-threatening condition mainly caused by glutamate overactivity. The aim of therapeutic alcohol withdrawal is the entry into a process of complete and lasting abstinence. Therefore preparing withdrawal is crucial to optimize compliance and efficacy of aftercare.

Giving room to subjectivity in understanding and assessing problem gambling: A patient-centered approach focused on quality of life.

Background And Aims: Problem gambling is characterized by high stigma and self-stigma, making relevant measurement of the burden of the disorder complex. The aim of our qualitative study was to describe health-related quality of life (HRQOL) impacted by problem gambling from the patients' perspective.

Methods: We conducted 6 focus groups with 25 current or lifetime at-risk problem gamblers to identify key domains of quality of life impacted by problem gambling.

Medial prefrontal disengagement during self-focus in formerly depressed patients prone to rumination.

Background: Medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) activity during self-referential processing has been associated with rumination and found aberrant in depression. We investigated whether this aberrant activity reflects a trait marker that persists in remitted patients.

Methods: Twenty-five patients fully remitted from major depression for at least 6 months, and 29 matched healthy controls were scanned with fMRI while presented with personality trait words in two conditions: Self condition asked whether the trait described themselves; General condition asked whether the trait was generally desirable.

Depressive Symptom Profiles and Survival in Older Patients with Cancer: Latent Class Analysis of the ELCAPA Cohort Study.

Background: The expression of depressive symptoms in older people with cancer is heterogeneous because of specific features of age or cancer comorbidity. We aimed to identify depressive symptom profiles in this population and describe the associated features including survival.

Materials And Methods: Patients ≥70 years who were referred to geriatric oncology clinics were prospectively included in the ELCAPA study.

[Standardized screening of alcohol misuse in emergency wards: The experience of a systematic use of the FACE scale in the European Georges-Pompidou Hospital].

Introduction: By using a standardized and systematic screening with the FACE questionnaire, our aims were : - to determine the prevalence of alcohol misuse (AM) among patients admitted in the emergency department of the European Georges-Pompidou Hospital; - to search for risk factors associated with AM.

Methods: Patients admitted between 9 am and 5 pm were included for 7 consecutive days in June 2017. The variables collected were age, gender, reason for and day of admission, acute alcohol intoxication, benzodiazepines misuse, use of illicit drugs, and the FACE.

Work-Related Stressors and Increased Risk of Benzodiazepine Long-Term Use: Findings From the CONSTANCES Population-Based Cohort.

To examine whether stressful job exposure to the public could be associated with having long-term benzodiazepine use. From the participants included between 2012 and 2016 in the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 13 934 men and 19 261 women declared a daily job exposure to the public and rated the frequency of stressful exposure. We examined benzodiazepine long-term use by using drug reimbursement administrative registries.

Type A competitiveness traits correlate with downregulation of c-Fos expression in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Aim: Type A personality has been associated with increased survival in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Systemic low-grade inflammation may play a critical role, as suggested in recent reports, although the links between the inflammatory circulating transcriptome and Type A remain unknown. This prompted our exploration of the potential associations between Type A personality and c-Fos gene expression, a candidate gene closely linked to inflammatory processes, in T1D.

Depressive Symptoms and Vegetarian Diets: Results from the Constances Cohort.

The association between depressive symptoms and vegetarian diets is controversial. This study examines the cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms and vegetarian diets while controlling for potential confounders. Among 90,380 subjects from the population-based Constances cohort, depressive symptoms were defined by a score ≥19 on the Centre of Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale and diet types (omnivorous, pesco-vegetarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and vegan) were determined with a food frequency questionnaire.

Electronic cigarette use is associated with depressive symptoms among smokers and former smokers: Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings from the Constances cohort.

Aims: To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and electronic cigarette (e-cig) use in a large population-based sample while taking into account smoking status and sociodemographic confounders.

Methods: Participants from the French Constances cohort were included from February 2012 to December 2016. Smoking status, e-cig use (never/ever/current) and nicotine concentration were self-reported.