Joint ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN Guidelines for the Management of Helicobacter pylori in Children and Adolescents (Update 2016).

Background: Because of the changing epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and low efficacy of currently recommended therapies, an update of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition/North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition recommendations for the diagnosis and management of H pylori infection in children and adolescents is required.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature (time period: 2009-2014) was performed. Representatives of both societies evaluated the quality of evidence using GRADE (Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) to formulate recommendations, which were voted upon and finalized using a Delphi process and face-to-face meeting.

MALDI-MS profiling of serum O-glycosylation and N-glycosylation in COG5-CDG.

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are due to defective glycosylation of glycoconjugates. Conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG)-CDG are genetic diseases due to defects of the COG complex subunits 1-8 causing N-glycan and O-glycan processing abnormalities. In COG-CDG, isoelectric focusing separation of undersialylated glycoforms of serum transferrin and apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) allows to detect N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation defects, respectively.

Efavirenz-based simplification after successful early lopinavir-boosted-ritonavir-based therapy in HIV-infected children in Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire: the MONOD ANRS 12206 non-inferiority randomised trial.

Background: The 2016 World Health Organization guidelines recommend all children <3 years start antiretroviral therapy (ART) on protease inhibitor-based regimens. But lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) syrup has many challenges in low-income countries, including limited availability, requires refrigeration, interactions with anti-tuberculous drugs, twice-daily dosing, poor palatability in young children, and higher cost than non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) drugs. Successfully initiating LPV/r-based ART in HIV-infected children aged <2 years raises operational challenges that could be simplified by switching to a protease inhibitor-sparing therapy based on efavirenz (EFV), although, to date, EFV is not recommended in children <3 years.

Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity suggest therapeutic implications in SCN2A-related disorders.

Mutations in SCN2A, a gene encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.2, have been associated with a spectrum of epilepsies and neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we report the phenotypes of 71 patients and review 130 previously reported patients.

Impact of the Early Start Denver Model on the cognitive level of children with autism spectrum disorder: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial using a two-stage Zelen design.

Introduction: Early intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the European French-speaking countries is heterogeneous and poorly evaluated to date. Early intervention units applying the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) for toddlers and young children with ASD have been created in France and Belgium to improve this situation. It is essential to evaluate this intervention for the political decision-making process regarding ASD interventions in European French-speaking countries.

Early-onset of ADCK4 glomerulopathy with renal failure: a case report.

Background: We present a rare early presentation of a ADCK4-related glomerulopathy. This case is of interest as potentially treatable if genetic results are timely obtained.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 5-year-old boy who was identified with significant proteinuria by a urinary routine screening program for school children.

Efficacy, safety and population pharmacokinetics of sapropterin in PKU patients <4 years: results from the SPARK open-label, multicentre, randomized phase IIIb trial.

Background: Sapropterin dihydrochloride, a synthetic formulation of BH, the cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH, EC 1.14.16.

Management of nonparasitic splenic cysts in children: A French multicenter review of 100 cases.

Background: The management of nonparasitic splenic cysts (NPSC) remains controversial. Surgical resection is indicated for symptomatic or complicated forms, but no guidelines are available for asymptomatic NPSC. The aims of this study were to evaluate the management of NPSC in French hospitals and to analyze the results of management.

Antibiotic knowledge and self-medication practices in a developing country: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Self-medication is identified by the World Health Organization as a major factor leading to antibiotics overuse, misuse and resistance. This study's objectives were to evaluate the knowledge and self-medication with antibiotics in a sample of the population of Lebanon.

Methods: This study surveyed a sample of adults (over 18 years of age) residing in 2 major cities in Lebanon about their knowledge and self-medication with antibiotics.

Impact of vancomycin protein binding on target attainment in critically ill children: back to the drawing board?

Objectives: The objectives of this observational study were to investigate plasma protein binding and to evaluate target attainment rates of vancomycin therapy in critically ill children.

Patients And Methods: Paediatric ICU patients, in whom intravenous intermittent dosing (ID) or continuous dosing (CD) with vancomycin was indicated, were included. Covariates on unbound vancomycin fraction and concentration were tested using a linear mixed model analysis and attainment of currently used pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets was evaluated.

Contegra 12 mm: How Long Can It Last?

Since the year 2000, we have used Contegra conduits for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in infants and newborns. Published reports of early and late results from multiple centers have included variable and inconsistent findings. Concerns about the durability of small conduits placed in younger infants have been expressed.

Open versus Thoracoscopic RFA-Assisted Lung Resection.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Radio Frequency Ablation (RFA)-assisted lung parenchymal transection through thoracotomy and thoracoscopy. Twelve domestic pigs underwent RFA-assisted lingulectomy: six through thoracotomy (group A), and six with thoracoscopy (group B). There was no mortality, no bleeding, or air leak intra- or postoperatively in either of the groups, and no conversion to open thoracotomy in group B.

Multiple sclerosis in Belgian children: A multicentre retrospective study.

Background: Although the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the paediatric population remains challenging, paediatric-onset MS is increasingly recognized worldwide.

Methods: We report on the clinical and biochemical features of a Belgian multicentre cohort of paediatric MS patients in a national retrospective descriptive study.

Results: Twenty one paediatric MS patients from four Belgian University Hospitals were included.

Perioperative spleen embolization as a useful tool in laparoscopic splenectomy for simple and massive splenomegaly in children: a prospective study.

Objective: The purpose of this prospective study is to evaluate the efficiency of perioperative spleen embolization prior to laparoscopic splenectomy indicated for hypersplenism.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study exploring a technique combining ultra-selective perioperative embolization and splenectomy. Between January 2008 and March 2013, 16 splenectomies were performed in children suffering from hypersplenism due to varying hematologic diseases.

[The motivational week: A new approach in smoking cessation].

Introduction: Smoking cessation is complex and challenging. The motivational week is a multidisciplinary approach that has been established in order to increase the chances of quitting smoking. The purpose of this study was to determine the rates of abstinence achieved and the predictive factors for quitting.

Accuracy of Automated Flow Cytometry-Based Leukocyte Counts To Rule Out Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Children: a Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Automated flow cytometry of urine remains an incompletely validated method to rule out urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. This cross-sectional analytical study was performed to compare the predictive values of flow cytometry and a dipstick test as initial diagnostic tests for UTI in febrile children and prospectively included 1,106 children (1,247 episodes). Urine culture was used as the gold standard test for diagnosing UTI.

Hyperactivity in motor response inhibition networks in unmedicated children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

Objectives: Hypo/reduced activity in motor response inhibition (RI) cerebral networks was recently proposed as a promising specific neurobiological marker of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Before adopting such a pattern as a key diagnosis tool, we aim to replicate in an independent study the mechanisms underlying reduced RI-related activity in ADHD, after controlling for potentially confounding effects.

Methods: In this fMRI study, we investigated the neural networks mediating successful and failed motor RI in children with ADHD and typically developing children (TDC) using the stop-signal task (SST) paradigm.

Different profile of thrombin generation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with native or pegylated asparaginase: A cohort study.

Background: Asparaginase (Asp) and corticosteroid (CS) treatment in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events.

Objective: Characterization of global haemostatic phenotypes of patients with ALL during Asp therapy.

Procedure: Thrombin generation (TG) was monitored in platelet-poor plasma of 56 children treated for a B lineage ALL (36 with native, 20 with PEG Asp) using 1 pM tissue factor and 4 μM phospholipids, with and without thrombomodulin.

Isolated and Syndromic Retinal Dystrophy Caused by Biallelic Mutations in RCBTB1, a Gene Implicated in Ubiquitination.

Inherited retinal dystrophies (iRDs) are a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous conditions resulting from mutations in over 250 genes. Here, homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing (WES) in a consanguineous family revealed a homozygous missense mutation, c.973C>T (p.

Laparoscopic Repair for Perforated Peptic Ulcer in Children.

 A perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) is a rare but major complication of gastroduodenal peptic ulcer disease. Literature is scarce on this subject in the pediatric population and most articles describe a surgical treatment by laparotomy. We aim to review all our cases of pediatric PPU treated over the past 16 years and compare these to literature to deduce potential benefits and disadvantages regarding laparoscopic treatment of PPU in children.

X-linked primary immunodeficiency associated with hemizygous mutations in the moesin (MSN) gene.

Background: We investigated 7 male patients (from 5 different families) presenting with profound lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, fluctuating monocytopenia and neutropenia, a poor immune response to vaccine antigens, and increased susceptibility to bacterial and varicella zoster virus infections.

Objective: We sought to characterize the genetic defect involved in a new form of X-linked immunodeficiency.

Methods: We performed genetic analyses and an exhaustive phenotypic and functional characterization of the lymphocyte compartment.

Effect of supporting 3D-garment on gait postural stability in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy.

Background: Children with cerebral palsy show dysfunctional postural control which interferes with their functional performance and daily-life activities.

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the effect of a 3D supporting garment on trunk postural control and interjoint coordination during gait in children with bilateral cerebral palsy.

Methods: We analyzed tridimensional trunk motion, trunk-thigh and interjoint coordination in 15 4-10 year-old children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (GMFCS I or II) and 16 4-10 year-old typically developing children while walking with or without a supporting garment.

Inflammation induced by inhaled lipopolysaccharide depends on particle size in healthy volunteers.

Aims: In drug development, the anti-inflammatory properties of new molecules in the lung are currently tested using the inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model. The total and regional lung bioavailability of inhaled particles depends significantly on their size. The objective of the present study was to compare inflammatory responses in healthy volunteers after the inhalation of LPS of varying droplet size.