Health impacts of a remotely delivered prolonged nightly fasting intervention in stressed adults with memory decline and obesity: A nationwide randomized controlled pilot trial.

Objective/goals: Cognitive decline is intricately linked to various factors such as obesity, stress, poor sleep, and circadian rhythm misalignment, which are interrelated in their impact on cognitive health. Irregular food-intake timing further compounds these issues. The practice of prolonged nightly fasting (PNF) may help synchronize food intake with circadian rhythms, potentially mitigating adverse effects of cognitive decline and associated factors.

Evaluating medical learners' experiences with health literacy at a southeastern medical school.

Background: Health literacy (HL) is crucial for making informed health decisions. Over one-third of US adults have limited HL, leading to adverse health outcomes. Despite its importance, HL education lacks standardization in medical training.

Causal genes identification of giant cell arteritis in CD4+ Memory t cells: an integration of multi-omics and expression quantitative trait locus analysis.

Background: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a prevalent artery and is strongly correlated with age. The role of CD4+ Memory T cells in giant cell arteritis has not been elucidated.

Method: Through single-cell analysis, we focused on the CD4+ Memory T cells in giant cell arteritis.

Peripheral inflammation enhances opioid-induced gastrointestinal motility inhibition via up-regulating spinal mu opioid receptor.

Opioids are potent analgesics in clinical pain management but exert variable analgesia in different pain types. Opioid-induced constipation is a common side effect of opioid therapy, and whether opioids induce different gastrointestinal motility inhibitions in different pain types is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the antinociceptive effects and inhibition of upper gastrointestinal transit and colonic bead expulsion of morphine, DAMGO, and Deltorphin in mouse CFA chronic inflammatory pain, SNI chronic neuropathic pain, and carrageenan chronic inflammatory pain models.

Building a growing genomic repository for maternal and fetal health through the PING Consortium.

Background: Prenatally transmitted viruses can cause severe damage to the developing brain. There is unexplained variability in prenatal brain injury and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes, suggesting disease modifiers. Of note, prenatal Zika infection can cause a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, including congenital Zika syndrome.

Regulate PD-L1's membrane orientation thermodynamics with hydrophobic nanoparticles.

Tumor cells can escape from immune killing by binding their programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) to the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) of T cells. These immune checkpoint proteins (PD-L1/PD-1) have become very important drug targets, since blocking PD-L1 or PD-1 can recover the killing capability of T cells against tumor cells. Instead of targeting the binding interface between PD-L1 and PD-1, we explored the possibility of regulating the membrane orientation thermodynamics of PD-L1 with ligand-modified ultra-small hydrophobic nanoparticles (NPs) using μs-scale coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in this work.

What do medical students think about conscientious objection? A cross-sectional study from Turkey.

Background: Physicians' refusal to perform medical procedures that they deem contrary to their conscience may threaten basic human rights and public health. This study aims to investigate the thoughts and attitudes of future physicians on conscientious objection (CO) and thus contribute to the discussions from a country more heavily influenced by Eastern values.

Methods: A cross-sectional multi-center study was conducted among medical students country-wide, where 2,188 medical students participated via an online survey.

From Choice to Justice: Disrupting the Binary Political Logics of Assisted Reproduction.

Reproductive rights and reproductive justice paradigms have long been viewed as incompatible, largely because of their divergent orientations to the notion of choice. According to this oppositional framing, reproductive rights approaches have centered the right of (white, middle-class, heterosexual) women to choose not to have children while reproductive justice organizing has focused on gendered, racialized, and classed obstacles to control over whether and how to have and raise children. Amid increasing examination of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) vis-à-vis human rights principles, I see an opportunity to narrow the perceived gap between the politics of rights and justice.

A stimuli-responsive drug delivery system based on konjac glucomannan, carboxymethyl chitosan and mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles.

A stimuli-responsive drug delivery system is developed for controlled delivery of curcumin (Cur) and chemo-photothermal therapy of breast cancer (BC). Cur is first loaded into mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles (mPDA NPs) by π-π stacking, and then the Cur loaded mPDA NPs (mPDA NPs@Cur) are encapsulated in the hydrogels prepared through the crosslinking of oxidized konjac glucomannan (oxKGM) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). Owing to the pH-sensitivity of the hydrogels and the outstanding photothermal conversion capability of mPDA NPs, the release of Cur from the hydrogels can be greatly accelerated in acidic media upon near infrared (NIR) irradiation.

Measuring food security in university students: A comparison of the USDA 10-item and six-item food security survey modules.

We examined discordant food security (FS) status classification between the USDA 10-item and six-item FS Survey Modules (FSSMs) among students at a U.S. university.

Microbe Engineering to Provide Drimane-Type Building Blocks for Chiral Pool Synthesis of Meroterpenoids.

Drimane-type merosesquiterpenoids (DMT) are a class of natural products with diverse structures and broad biological activity. Classical DMT synthesis relies on atom-inefficient plant-derived chiral pool building blocks, while alternative drimane-type building blocks such as drimenol and albicanol offer more direct routes but face production challenges. In this study, we engineered a microbial platform for efficient production of these building blocks.

Excellent Electrochemical Performance and Air Storage Stability of Na-Ion Layered Oxide Cathodes Benefiting from Enhanced Ce-O Binding Energy.

The widespread application of layered oxides is constrained by their low electrochemical performance and complex irreversible phase transition. The high entropy oxide NaNiFeMnTiSnCoLiO (HEO) is synthesized by leveraging the entropy stabilization effect, which offers a partial solution to this issue, but electrochemical performance and air stability imperative to be improved. On the high entropy oxide HEO, due to the strong bond energy of Ce-O, the introduction of Ce improves the specific discharge capacity and reduces the battery gas production problem.

Association between Hepatitis B virus infection and COVID-19: outcomes from clinical analysis and online survey from Beijing, China.

Objective: We aim to investigate whether Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worsens chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and explore the incidence of long COVID symptoms in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Methods: Patients with chronic HBV infection and COVID-19 patients attending the hepatitis clinic or fever clinic were included in the study. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and information about long COVID were collected for all patients.

Ultrastructural Analysis Reveals Mitochondrial Placement Independent of Synapse Placement in Fine Caliber C. elegans Neurons.

Neurons rely on mitochondria for an efficient supply of ATP and other metabolites. However, while neurons are highly elongated, mitochondria are discrete and limited in number. Due to the slow rates of metabolite diffusion over long distances, it follows that neurons would benefit from an ability to control the distribution of mitochondria to sites of high metabolic activity such as synapses.

Indoxyl Sulfate and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review.

Indoxyl sulfate-a bacterially derived metabolite-has been identified as a toxin that is elevated in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As a neurotoxin, uremic toxin, nephrotoxin, cardiotoxin, osteotoxin, and myotoxin, indoxyl sulfate has been associated with several other conditions, including chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, Parkinson's disease, cognitive disorders, and mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. Indoxyl sulfate is derived from bacterial modification of host tryptophan, and elevated levels of indoxyl sulfate are associated with decreased levels of important neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.

Novel lineage of anelloviruses with large genomes identified in dolphins.

Unlabelled: Anellovirus infections are ubiquitous in mammals but lack any clear disease association, suggesting a commensal virus-host relationship. Although anelloviruses have been identified in numerous mammalian hosts, their presence in members of the family Delphinidae has yet to be reported. Here, using a metagenomic approach, we characterize complete anellovirus genomes ( = 69) from four Delphinidae host species: short-finned pilot whale (, = 19), killer whale (, = 9), false killer whale (, = 6), and pantropical spotted dolphin (, = 1).

Access to hygiene facilities and experiences of hygiene-related disease: A pilot study of unsheltered individuals in Tucson, Arizona.

Unsheltered individuals have limited access to restroom facilities. With this, many unsheltered individuals are forced to urinate, defecate, and engage in other hygiene practices outdoors. They may also lack access to necessary hygiene toiletries or wait to urinate or defecate until they are able to gain access to a facility.

Exploring religiosity, perceived mental health, and coping behaviors of undergraduate African American college students in the South.

: The current study explored the relationships of religiosity and coping behaviors on the perceived mental health of undergraduate African American (AA) college students enrolled at a large public university in the Southern United States. We used a cross-sectional survey design. AA and/or African descent adult college participants ( = 131) were recruited from an online chat group (ie, GroupMe) and completed the Brief-COPE, a demographic questionnaire, and a single-item mental health tool.

A Lightweight, Centralized, Collaborative, Truncated Signed Distance Function-Based Dense Simultaneous Localization and Mapping System for Multiple Mobile Vehicles.

Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) algorithms play a critical role in autonomous exploration tasks requiring mobile robots to autonomously explore and gather information in unknown or hazardous environments where human access may be difficult or dangerous. However, due to the resource-constrained nature of mobile robots, they are hindered from performing long-term and large-scale tasks. In this paper, we propose an efficient multi-robot dense SLAM system that utilizes a centralized structure to alleviate the computational and memory burdens on the agents (i.

Exploring the Frontier: The Human Microbiome's Role in Rare Childhood Neurological Diseases and Epilepsy.

Emerging research into the human microbiome, an intricate ecosystem of microorganisms residing in and on our bodies, reveals that it plays a pivotal role in maintaining our health, highlighting the potential for microbiome-based interventions to prevent, diagnose, treat, and manage a myriad of diseases. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of microbiome studies in enhancing our understanding of rare genetic epilepsy and related neurological disorders. Studies suggest that the gut microbiome, acting through the gut-brain axis, impacts the development and severity of epileptic conditions in children.

The Effects of Mental Fatigue Induced by the Stroop Test on Muscular Endurance Performance and Neuromuscular Activation in Division III Female Athletes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that mental fatigue, as induced by a Stroop test, has on resistance training performance outcomes such as muscular endurance, power output, and neuromuscular activation. Seven female college-aged NCAA Division III student-athletes with at least one year of resistance training experience and were within the 50th percentile for maximal aerobic capacity provided informed consent for participation. During two separate visits, using a within-subject crossover experimental design, subjects completed either the experimental or control condition.