Diagnostic performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing based on alveolar lavage fluid in unexplained lung shadows.

Background: Unexplained lung shadows are challenging in respiratory medicine, with both infectious and non-infectious etiologies. Lung biopsy is definitive but invasive, prompting a need for non-invasive alternatives. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is emerging as a promising diagnostic tool.

EGHRIN conclusions on pandemic preparedness: no whole-of-society approach without society.

Pandemic preparedness necessitates a multifaceted approach that emphasizes societal factors, such as building trust and acknowledges cultural and societal differences, with a focus on protecting vulnerable groups. To support these goals, the European Global Health Research Institutes Network has outlined a comprehensive transdisciplinary approach through a set of multilevel recommendations.

MiR-378 exaggerates angiogenesis and bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis mice by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder marked by pain, inflammation, and discomfort in the synovial joints. It is critical to understand the pathological mechanisms of RA progression. MicroRNA-378 (miR-378) is highly expressed in the synovium of RA patients and positively correlated with disease severity, but its function and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Anthropogenic marine debris accumulation and its ecological impact on the highly urbanized mangroves of Hong Kong.

Mangroves are recognized as a sink for plastic and other anthropogenic marine debris (AMD). The accumulation rates of AMD within these ecosystems, however, have not yet been assessed anywhere in the world. Here, we investigated the standing stock and accumulation rate of AMD at four of the most polluted mangroves in Hong Kong over one year, focussing on its ecological impact on the diversity and abundance of vegetation and benthic macrofauna.

Bidirectional causality of physical exercise in retinal neuroprotection.

Physical exercise is recognized as an effective intervention to improve mood, physical performance, and general well-being. It achieves these benefits through cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote the release of neuroprotective factors. Interestingly, reduced levels of physical exercise have been implicated in several central nervous system diseases, including ocular disorders.

Insights into the transcriptomic heterogeneity of brain endothelial cells in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Drug development for Alzheimer's disease Is extremely challenging, as demonstrated by the repeated failures of amyloid-β-targeted therapeutics and the controversies surrounding the amyloid-β cascade hypothesis. More recently, advances in the development of Lecanemab, an anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibody, have shown positive results in reducing brain A burden and slowing cognitive decline in patients with early- stage Alzheimer's disease in the Phase III clinical trial (Clarity Alzheimer's disease). Despite these promising results, side effects such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) may limit its usage.

Intervention accelerator to prevent and respond to abuse of older people: insights from key promising interventions.

Globally, abuse of older people (AOP) affects one in six individuals aged 60 years and older every year. Despite the widespread prevalence of AOP, evidence-based interventions for preventing and responding to this issue are insufficient. To address this gap, WHO proposed an initiative to accelerate the development of effective interventions for AOP across all country income levels.

Prospective Randomized Study on Switching Triple Inhaler Therapy in COPD from Multiple Inhaler Devices to a Single Inhaler Device in a Chinese Population.

Background: Triple therapy with inhaled corticosteroids and dual bronchodilator was recommended in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients who had exacerbations and eosinophilia. It can be administered by single inhaler (SITT) or multiple inhaler (MITT). There was lack of evidence of the benefits of SITT over MITT in Chinese population, especially on switching from existing MITT to SITT.

Health and economic evaluation of herbal medicines for heart failure: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Heart failure (HF) represents an advanced stage of various cardiovascular disorders, with its elevated admission rates and resultant health economic burden posing an ongoing global concern.

Purpose: To evaluate the health and economic benefits of herbal medicine (HM) for patients with HF.

Study Design: Population-based cohort study.

Development of a Modified QuEChERS Extraction for the Detection of Rosemary Extracts (E392) Expressed as Sum of Carnosol and Carnosic Acid in Food by LC-MS/MS.

Background: Rosemary extracts are derived from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis and commonly employed as natural food preservative. They serve as natural antioxidants in food, preventing spoilage and extending shelf life.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a modified QuEChERS extraction with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of rosemary extracts in food as sum of its markers Carnosol and Carnosic Acid.

KBTBD8/RRP15 as a potential novel therapeutic target associates with lenvatinib-inhibited progression in hepatocellular carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo.

Introduction: We have previously demonstrated that RRP15 (Ribosomal RNA Processing 15 Homolog) was significantly elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlated directly with poor prognosis. RRP15 suppression curtails HCC progression through induction of cellular senescence and apoptosis. However, the impact of RRP15 on the precise therapeutic potential of lenvatinib has remained underexplored.

2024 European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Rhythm Society/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation.

In the last three decades, ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has become an evidence-based safe and efficacious treatment for managing the most common cardiac arrhythmia. In 2007, the first joint expert consensus document was issued, guiding healthcare professionals involved in catheter or surgical AF ablation. Mounting research evidence and technological advances have resulted in a rapidly changing landscape in the field of catheter and surgical AF ablation, thus stressing the need for regularly updated versions of this partnership which were issued in 2012 and 2017.

Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation over the supplementary motor area on motor function in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Motor dysfunction profoundly affects individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) targeting the supplementary motor area (SMA), a critical region for movement-related processing, offers a promising approach to enhance motor function for PD.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of NIBS over the SMA (SMA-NIBS) in alleviating motor symptoms in PD.

Bioinspired Iron Porphyrin Covalent Organic Frameworks-Based Nanozymes Sensor Array: Machine Learning-Assisted Identification and Detection of Thiols.

Given the crucial role of thiols in maintaining normal physiological functions, it is essential to establish a high-throughput and sensitive analytical method to identify and quantify various thiols accurately. Inspired by the iron porphyrin active center of natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP), we designed and synthesized two iron porphyrin covalent organic frameworks (Fe-COF-H and Fe-COF-OH) with notable peroxidase-like (POD) activity, capable of catalyzing 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into oxidized TMB with three distinct absorption peaks. Based on these, a six-channel nanozyme colorimetric sensor array was constructed, which could map the specific fingerprints of various thiols.

Mechanical force modulates inflammation and immunomodulation in periodontal ligament cells.

Mechanical forces control a multitude of biological responses in various cells and tissues. The periodontal ligament, located between the tooth's root and alveolar bone, is a major tissue compartment that is incessantly subjected to such mechanical stimulation through either normal or abnormal oral functionality. It is now known that mechanical stimulation activates periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to modulate periodontal immunity and regulate inflammation - a basic feature of periodontal disease that affects virtually every human during their lifetime.

Multi-omics analysis reveals the interplay between intratumoral bacteria and glioma.

Unlabelled: Emerging evidence highlights the potential impact of intratumoral microbiota on cancer. However, the microbial composition and function in glioma remains elusive. Consequently, our study aimed to investigate the microbial community composition in glioma tissues and elucidate its role in glioma development.

Paeonol inhibits ACSL4 to protect chondrocytes from ferroptosis and ameliorates osteoarthritis progression.

Background: Discovering an inhibitor for acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), a protein that triggers cell injury via ferroptosis, presents potential to minimize cellular damage. This study investigates paeonol (PAE), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, as an ACSL4 inhibitor to prevent chondrocyte ferroptosis and protect against osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: We conducted experiments using mouse chondrocytes treated with PAE to mitigate ferroptosis induced by Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) or ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), examining intracellular ferroptotic indicators, cartilage catabolic markers, and ferroptosis regulatory proteins.

Engineering d-p Orbital Hybridization in a Single-Atom-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Regulating lithium salt dissociation kinetics by enhancing the interaction between inorganic fillers and lithium salts is vital for enhancing the ionic conductivity in solid-state composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs). However, the influence of fillers' external electronic environments on lithium salt dissociation dynamics remains unclear. Here, we design single-atom sites in metal-organic framework fillers for poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based CPEs, boosting lithium salt dissociation through an electrocatalytic strategy.

2D Materials-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Healthcare.

The need for accurate point-of-care (POC) tools, driven by increasing demands for precise medical diagnostics and monitoring, has accelerated the evolution of biosensor technology. Integrable 2D materials-based field-effect transistor (2D FET) biosensors offer label-free, rapid, and ultrasensitive detection, aligning perfectly with current biosensor trends. Given these advancements, this review focuses on the progress, challenges, and future prospects in the field of 2D FET biosensors.

Revealing microbial compatibility of partial nitritation/Anammox biofilm from sidestream to mainstream applications: Origins, dynamics, and interrelationships.

Biofilms offer a solution to the challenge of low biomass retention faced in mainstream partial nitritation/Anammox (PN/A) applications. In this study, a one-stage PN/A reactor derived from initial granular sludge was successfully transformed into a biofilm system using shedding carriers. Environmental stressors, such as ammonium nitrogen concentration and organic matter, significantly affected the competitive dynamics and dominant species composition between Ca.

A carboxymethyl chitosan and dextran hydrogel with slow and rapid photothermal conversion for sequential promoting burn wound healing and inhibiting scar proliferation.

Facilitating swift burn wound healing while effectively preventing scar formation continues to be a considerable challenge in medical practice. In this study, an injectable carboxymethyl chitosan/oxidized dextran/polyvinylpyrrolidone/dopamine (COPD) hydrogel was designed for the effective sequentially promotion of burn wound healing and inhibition of scar formation. The COPD hydrogel precursor solution was injected into the burn wound via a double-barreled syringe and transformed into an adherent hydrogel within 25 s.