Long-term Mental Health Morbidity in Adult Survivors of COVID-19 Critical Illness - A Population-based Cohort Study.

Background: Survivorship after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critical illness may be associated with important long-term sequelae, but little is known regarding mental health outcomes.

Research Question: What is the association between COVID-19 critical illness and new post-discharge mental health diagnoses.

Study Design: AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada (January 1, 2020-March 31, 2022).

Assessing stroke-induced abnormal muscle coactivation in the upper limb using the surface EMG co-contraction Index: A systematic review.

Electromyography (EMG) is increasingly used in stroke assessment research, with studies showing that EMG co-contraction (EMG-CC) of upper limb muscles can differentiate stroke patients from healthy individuals and correlates with clinical scales assessing motor function. This suggests that EMG-CC has potential for both assessing motor impairments and monitoring recovery in stroke patients. However, systematic reviews on EMG-CC's effectiveness in stroke assessment are lacking.

Precision Oncology: A Global Perspective on Implementation and Policy Development.

Despite the acknowledged merits of precision oncology (PO) and its increasing global implementation, its full potential for advancing care and prevention remains unrealized. The benefits are currently accessible to only limited patient segments because of multifaceted barriers. Successful implementation hinges on various factors-scientific complexities not limited to technical, clinical, regulatory, economic, administrative, and health care policy-related challenges.

Ductilization of 2.6-GPa alloys via short-range ordered interfaces and supranano precipitates.

Higher strength and higher ductility are desirable for structural materials. However, ultrastrong alloys inevitably show decreased strain-hardening capacity, limiting their uniform elongation. We present a supranano (<10 nanometers) and short-range ordering design for grain interiors and grain boundary regions, respectively, in fine-grained alloys based on vanadium, cobalt, and nickel, with additions of tungsten, copper, aluminum, and boron.

Atomic locations and adsorbate interactions of Al single and pair sites in H-ZSM-5 zeolite.

The distribution of substitutional aluminum (Al) atoms in zeolites affects molecular adsorbate geometry, catalytic activity, and shape and size selectivity. Accurately determining Al positions has been challenging. We used synchrotron resonant soft x-ray diffraction (RSXRD) at multiple energies near the Al K-edge combined with molecular adsorption techniques to precisely locate "single Al" and "Al pairs" in a commercial H-ZSM-5 zeolite.

Dating the bacterial tree of life based on ancient symbiosis.

Obtaining a timescale for bacterial evolution is crucial to understand early life evolution but is difficult owing to the scarcity of bacterial fossils. Here, we introduce multiple new time constraints to calibrate bacterial evolution based on ancient symbiosis. This idea is implemented using a bacterial tree constructed with genes found in the mitochondrial lineages phylogenetically embedded within Proteobacteria.

Fully Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Ice Nucleation Near an Antifreeze Protein.

Heterogeneous ice nucleation is a widespread phenomenon in nature. Despite extensive research on ice nucleation near biological antifreeze proteins, a probe for ice nucleation and growth processes at the atomic level is still lacking. Herein, we present simulation evidence of the heterogeneous ice nucleation process on the ice-binding surface (IBS) of the antifreeze protein (TmAFP).

High-Entropy Aqueous Electrolyte Induced Formation of Water-Poor Zn2+ Solvation Structures and Gradient Solid-Electrolyte Interphase for Long-Life Zn-Metal Anodes.

Electrolyte engineering has emerged as an effective strategy for stabilizing Zn-metal anodes. However, a single solute or solvent additive is far from sufficient to meet the requirements for electrolyte cycling stability. Here, we report a new-type high-entropy electrolyte composed of equal molar amounts of Zn(OTf)2 and LiOTf, along with equal volumes of H2O, triethyl phosphate, and dimethyl sulfoxide, which enhances electrolyte stability by increasing solvation entropy.

Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Bulk Nanograined Ni with High-Density Fivefold Twins.

Fivefold twins are extensively present in nanoparticles and nanowires, enhancing their performance in physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. However, a deep insight into the correlation between mechanical properties and fivefold twins in bulk nanograined materials is lacking due to synthesis difficulties. Here, a bulk fivefold-twinned nanograined Ni is synthesized via electrodeposition.

Topological defects induced by air inclusions in ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals with ionic doping.

We report an experimental study on how topological defects induced by cylindrical air inclusions in the ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal RM734 are influenced by ionic doping, including an ionic surfactant and ionic polymer. Our results show that subtle differences in molecular structure can lead to distinct surface alignments and topological defects. The ionic surfactant induces a planar alignment, with two -1/2 line defects adhering to the cylindrical bubble surface.

Functional evolution of thyrotropin-releasing hormone neuropeptides: Insights from an echinoderm.

Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex network of endogenous neuropeptides. In chordates, this role is suggested to be under the control of diverse factors including thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). However, whether this regulatory activity of TRH is functionally conserved in non-chordate metazoans, and to what extent this process is underpinned by interactions of TRH with other neuropeptides such as cholecystokinin (CCK, known as a satiety signal), remain unclear.

Identify biological Alzheimer's disease using a novel nucleic acid-linked protein immunoassay.

Blood-based biomarkers have been revolutionizing the detection, diagnosis and screening of Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, phosphorylated-tau variants (p-tau, p-tau and p-tau) are promising biomarkers for identifying Alzheimer's disease pathology. Antibody-based assays such as single molecule arrays immunoassays are powerful tools to investigate pathological changes indicated by blood-based biomarkers and have been studied extensively in the Alzheimer's disease research field.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in chronic liver disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Background: Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic liver disease (CLD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess and compare the prevalence of SIBO among CLD patients (with and without with complications of end stage liver disease) and healthy controls.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched from inception up to July-2024 for case-control studies reporting SIBO in CLD.

Mapping subcortical brain lesions, behavioral and acoustic analysis for early assessment of subacute stroke patients with dysarthria.

Introduction: Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder frequently associated with subcortical damage. However, the precise roles of the subcortical nuclei, particularly the basal ganglia and thalamus, in the speech production process remain poorly understood.

Methods: The present study aimed to better understand their roles by mapping neuroimaging, behavioral, and speech data obtained from subacute stroke patients with subcortical lesions.

Dual-Asymmetric Solid Additive Enables Eco-friendly All-Polymer Solar Cells with Over 19% Efficiency and Excellent Stability.

The optimization of morphology in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) often relies on the use of solvent additives. However, their tendency to remain trapped in the device due to high boiling points leads to performance degradation over time. In this study, we introduce a novel approach involving the design and synthesis of one dual-asymmetric solid additive featuring mono-brominated-asymmetric dithienothiophene (SL-1).

Deciphering the Differences Between Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated and Negative Gastric Cancer in the Prospect of CDKN2A Genomic Alterations and Lymphoid Infiltration.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a major health concern worldwide. One important contributing factor is the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). However, the molecular pattern of how EBV participates in the malignant transition process remains unclear.

Medication patterns and potentially inappropriate medication in patients with metastatic breast cancer: results of the BRE-BY-MED study.

Background: The treatment of metastatic breast cancer (mBC) focuses on prolonging patient survival, providing adequate symptom management, and maintaining quality of life (QoL). This includes supportive therapy to prevent or treat potential side effects and handle comorbidities. The combination of mBC therapy, supportive therapy, and treatment for comorbidities increases the risk for polypharmacy, potential drug-drug interactions (pDDI), potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), and potentially missing drugs (pMD).

Treadmill exercise prevents stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors via enhancing the excitatory input from the primary motor cortex to the thalamocortical circuit.

Physical exercise effectively prevents anxiety disorders caused by environmental stress. The neural circuitry mechanism, however, remains incomplete. Here, we identified a previously unrecognized pathway originating from the primary motor cortex (M1) to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) via the ventromedial thalamic (VM) nuclei in male mice.

Prevalence of malnutrition among adult inpatients in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Malnutrition substantially contributes to adverse clinical outcomes. However, no national survey has been conducted to characterize its epidemiology in hospital settings in China. We conducted the China Nutrition Fundamental Data 2020 project among a multistage stratified cluster sample of adult inpatients from 291 study sites across 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (except for Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan Province, and the Xizang Autonomous Region, please see MATERIALS AND METHODS for details of the causes) of China to generate reliable data on the prevalence of malnutrition and explore the associated risk factors.

Assessment of glymphatic function and white matter integrity in children with autism using multi-parametric MRI and machine learning.

Objectives: To assess glymphatic function and white matter integrity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using multi-parametric MRI, combined with machine learning to evaluate ASD detection performance.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study collected data from 110 children with ASD (80 exploratory, 43 validation) and 68 typically developing children (50 exploratory, 18 validation) from two centers. The automated diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (aDTI-ALPS), fractional anisotropy (FA), cerebrospinal fluid volume, and perivascular space (PVS) volume indices were extracted from DTI, three-dimensional T1-weighted, and T2-weighted images.

Are associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related cancer modified by comparative body weight at age 10 years in the UK Biobank study?

Objective: Adults living with overweight or obesity do not represent a single homogenous group in terms of mortality and disease risks. The aim of our study was to evaluate how the associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with mortality and incident disease are modified by (i.e.

Random resistive memory-based deep extreme point learning machine for unified visual processing.

Visual sensors, including 3D light detection and ranging, neuromorphic dynamic vision sensor, and conventional frame cameras, are increasingly integrated into edge-side intelligent machines. However, their data are heterogeneous, causing complexity in system development. Moreover, conventional digital hardware is constrained by von Neumann bottleneck and the physical limit of transistor scaling.

Theoretical and experimental investigations of the CMOS compatible Pirani gauges with a temperature compensation model.

In this article, a CMOS-compatible Pirani vacuum gauge was proposed featuring enhanced sensitivity, lower detection limit, and high-temperature stability, achieved through the implementation of a surface micromachining method coupled with a temperature compensation strategy. To improve performance, a T-type device with a 1 µm gap was fabricated resulting in an average sensitivity of 1.10 V/lgPa, which was 2.