Significant Impact of a Daytime Halogen Oxidant on Coastal Air Quality.

Chlorine radicals (Cl) are highly reactive and affect the fate of air pollutants. Several field studies in China have revealed elevated levels of daytime molecular chlorine (Cl), which, upon photolysis, release substantial amounts of Cl but are poorly represented in current chemical transport models. Here, we implemented a parametrization for the formation of daytime Cl through the photodissociation of particulate nitrate in acidic environments into a regional model and assessed its impact on coastal air quality during autumn in South China.

Steering the Absorption Configuration of Intermediates over Pd-Based Electrocatalysts toward Efficient and Stable CO Reduction.

Palladium (Pd) catalysts are promising for electrochemical reduction of CO to CO but often can be deactivated by poisoning owing to the strong affinity of *CO on Pd sites. Theoretical investigations reveal that different configurations of *CO endow specific adsorption energies, thereby dictating the final performances. Here, a regulatory strategy toward *CO absorption configurations is proposed to alleviate CO poisoning by simultaneously incorporating Cu and Zn atoms into ultrathin Pd nanosheets (NSs).

Unraveling Mechanisms of Genetic Risks in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Diseases: A Pathway to Precision Medicine.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing global health problem, affecting ∼1 billion people. This condition is well established to have a heritable component with strong familial clustering. With the extraordinary breakthroughs in genetic research techniques coupled with their application to large-scale biobanks, the field of genetics in MASLD has expanded rapidly.

Long COVID and gut microbiome: insights into pathogenesis and therapeutics.

Post-acute coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome (PACS), following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is typically characterized by long-term debilitating symptoms affecting multiple organs and systems. Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of effective treatment strategies. Altered gut microbiome has been proposed as one of the plausible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PACS; extensive studies have emerged to bridge the gap between the persistent symptoms and the dysbiosis of gut microbiome.

A novel model of central precocious puberty disease: Paternal MKRN3 gene-modified rabbit.

Background: Makorin ring finger protein 3 gene (MKRN3) gene mutation is the most common genetic cause of central precocious puberty (CPP) in children. Due to the lack of ideal MKRN3-modified animal model (MKRN3-modified mice enter puberty only 4-5 days earlier than normal mice), the related research is limited.

Methods: Therefore, the MKRN3-modified rabbit was developed using CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) gene editing technology.

Educational attainment, Aβ, tau, and structural brain reserve in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with higher educational attainment (EA) often exhibit better cognitive function. However, the relationship among EA status, AD pathology, structural brain reserve, and cognitive decline requires further investigation.

Methods: We compared cognitive performance across different amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (A ±) statuses and EA levels (High EA/Low EA).

Integrative Transcriptome-Wide Association Study With Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Colocalization Identifies a Causal VAMP8 Variant for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Susceptibility.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Asia-prevalent malignancy, yet its genetic underpinnings remain incompletely understood. Here, a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) is conducted on NPC, leveraging gene expression prediction models based on epithelial tissues and genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from 1577 NPC cases and 6359 controls of southern Chinese descent. The TWAS identifies VAMP8 on chromosome 2p11.

Neonatal Nutrition and Brain Structure at 7 Years in Children Born Very Preterm.

Importance: Neonatal protein intake following very preterm birth has long lasting effects on brain development. However, it is uncertain whether these effects are associated with improved or impaired brain maturation.

Objective: To assess the association of neonatal protein intake following very preterm birth with brain structure at 7 years of age.

Polygenic risk discriminates Lewy body dementia from Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Lewy body dementia (LBD) shares genetic risk factors with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including apolipoprotein E (APOE), but is distinguishable at the genome-wide level. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) may therefore improve diagnostic classification.

Methods: We assessed diagnostic classification using AD-PRS excluding APOE (AD-PRS ), APOE risk score (APOE-RS), and plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181), in 83 participants with LBD, 27 with positron emission tomography amyloid beta (Aβ)positive mild cognitive impairment or AD (MCI+/AD), and 57 controls.

Mediating roles of weight stigma and physical activity avoidance in the associations between severity of gaming disorder and levels of physical activity among young adults.

Background And Aims: There are limited data regarding associations between gaming disorder and physical activity (PA). The present study investigated the direct association between these two variables and assessed the potentially mediating roles of PA avoidance and two types of weight stigma (i.e.

EpiAge: a next-generation sequencing-based epigenetic clock for biological age assessment in saliva and blood across health and disease.

This study introduces EpiAgePublic, a new method to estimate biological age using only three specific sites on the gene known for its connection to aging. Unlike traditional methods that require complex and extensive data, our model uses a simpler approach that is well-suited for next-generation sequencing technology, which is a more advanced method of analyzing DNA methylation. This new model overcomes some of the common challenges found in older methods, such as errors due to sample quality and processing variations.

An Improved Method for Extracting Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid with Repeatable Large-Scale Collection.

The aim of this study was to explore an improved method for extracting rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), observing the impact on animal health under conditions of large-scale CSF collection and evaluating the feasibility of repeated collections. A total of 20 rats were anesthetized and fixed in a stereotactic frame. A 26G scalp needle, combined with a 1 mL syringe, was used to puncture the atlanto-occipital membrane and collect approximately 170 μL of CSF.

Osteopenia Metabolomic Biomarkers for Early Warning of Osteoporosis.

: This study aimed to capture the early metabolic changes before osteoporosis occurs and identify metabolomic biomarkers at the osteopenia stage for the early prevention of osteoporosis. : Metabolomic data were generated from normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups with 320 participants recruited from the Nicheng community in Shanghai. We conducted individual edge network analysis (iENA) combined with a random forest to detect metabolomic biomarkers for the early warning of osteoporosis.

Reconstruction of Multiple Strings of Constant Weight from Prefix-Suffix Compositions.

Motivated by studies of data retrieval in polymer-based storage systems, we consider the problem of reconstructing a multiset of binary strings that have the same length and the same weight from the compositions of their prefixes and suffixes of every possible length. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for which unique reconstruction up to the reversal of the strings is possible. Additionally, we present two algorithms for reconstructing strings from the compositions of prefixes and suffixes of constant-length constant-weight strings.

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as a Regulatory Protease Inhibitor Modulating Inflammation and Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a key serine protease inhibitor for regulating proteases such as neutrophil elastase. AAT restrains the pulmonary matrix from enzymatic degradation, and a deficiency in AAT leads to inflammatory tissue damage in the lungs, resulting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Due to the crucial biological function of AAT, the emerging research interest in this protein has shifted to its role in cancer-associated inflammation and the dynamics of the tumor microenvironment.

Older Fallers' Comprehensive Neuromuscular and Kinematic Alterations in Reactive Balance Control: Indicators of Balance Decline or Compensation? A Pilot Study.

: Falls and fall consequences in older adults are global health issues. Previous studies have compared postural sways or stepping strategies between older adults with and without fall histories to identify factors associated with falls. However, more in-depth neuromuscular/kinematic mechanisms have remained unclear.

Overview of historical occupational exposure to trichloroethylene in China.

Objectives: Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a carcinogen that has been causally linked to kidney cancer and possibly other cancer sites including the liver and lymphatic system. Its use in China has increased since the early 1990s due to the growing metal and electronic industries. We aimed to summarize the major sources of occupational exposure to TCE over time in China.

The pattern of cytokine profile in children received extracorporeal blood purification.

We reported the cytokine profile in children <18 years old who received extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) for sepsis, rhabdomyolysis, hyperbilirubinaemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome or cytokine storm, and determined the factors affecting the cytokine removal kinetics. Plasma levels of 38 types of cytokine/chemokine were measured at pre-EBP, 12 and 24 h after initiating EBP. Altogether there were 11 eligible episodes admitted between April 2021 and December 2023.

scMMAE: masked cross-attention network for single-cell multimodal omics fusion to enhance unimodal omics.

Multimodal omics provide deeper insight into the biological processes and cellular functions, especially transcriptomics and proteomics. Computational methods have been proposed for the integration of single-cell multimodal omics of transcriptomics and proteomics. However, existing methods primarily concentrate on the alignment of different omics, overlooking the unique information inherent in each omics type.

bFGF-Chitosan "brain glue" promotes functional recovery after cortical ischemic stroke.

The mammalian brain has an extremely limited ability to regenerate lost neurons and to recover function following ischemic stroke. A biomaterial strategy of slowly-releasing various regeneration-promoting factors to activate endogenous neurogenesis represents a safe and practical neuronal replacement therapy. In this study, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-Chitosan gel is injected into the stroke cavity.

Vertical Gradient of Nitryl Chloride and Implications for Atmospheric Photochemistry in Pearl River Delta, China, during Wintertime.

Nitryl chloride (ClNO) is a key precursor of chlorine radicals, influencing atmospheric oxidation and secondary pollutants formation. Few studies have examined the ClNO chemistry from the perspective of the planetary boundary layer. Here, we conducted a vertically resolved investigation of ClNO at six heights (ranging from 5 to 335 m) on a 356 m tower in the Pearl River Delta, China, during winter 2021.

Consensus representation of multiple cell-cell graphs from gene signaling pathways for cell type annotation.

Background: Recent advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing have greatly expanded our knowledge of the heterogeneous nature of tissues. However, robust and accurate cell type annotation continues to be a major challenge, hindered by issues such as marker specificity, batch effects, and a lack of comprehensive spatial and interaction data. Traditional annotation methods often fail to adequately address the complexity of cellular interactions and gene regulatory networks.

Bridging animal models and humans: neuroimaging as intermediate phenotypes linking genetic or stress factors to anhedonia.

Background: Intermediate phenotypes, such as characteristic neuroimaging patterns, offer unique insights into the genetic and stress-related underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disorders like depression. This study aimed to identify neuroimaging intermediate phenotypes associated with depression, bridging etiological factors to behavioral manifestations and connecting insights from animal models to diverse clinical populations.

Methods: We analyzed datasets from both rodents and humans.

A Dual-Pathway Responsive Mechanophore for Intelligent Luminescent Polymer Materials.

Mechanoluminescent units, when integrated into polymer matrices, undergo structural transformations in response to mechanical force, resulting in changes in fluorescence. This phenomenon holds considerable promise for the development of stress-sensing materials. Despite the high demand for robust, tunable mechanoluminescent mechanophores for force assessment and smart force-responsive materials, strategies for their design and synthesis remain underdeveloped.