Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Background: The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

Methods: The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Family Caregivers' Experiences of Long-Term Care Residents Living With Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Grounded Theory Study.

Aims: Caution around the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in visitation restrictions to prevent the spread of the virus among vulnerable older persons living in long-term care (LTC), which posed a threat to individual well-being and family togetherness across the globe. The purpose of this study was to explore family caregiver's experience of having a person who is living with dementia residing in a long-term care facility during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: Qualitative descriptive study using constructivist grounded theory (GT) methodology.

Non-Pharmacological Interventions Targeting Sense of Coherence Among Older Adults and Adults With Chronic Conditions: A Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis.

Background: Sense of coherence (SoC) is a core concept of 'salutogenesis' in positive psychology, correlated with emotional distress and disease development in adults with chronic disease and older adults. A diversity of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) has been developed to enhance SoC, but research findings are conflicting and the adequacy of sample sizes is uncertainty.

Objective: This paper aimed to explore appropriate interventions, evaluate the effectiveness of these SoC interventions and verify the statistical robustness and reliability of pooled results.

Who Can Help Me? Citizens' Help-Seeking on Weibo During the Shanghai Lockdown.

Objective: In the context of the Omicron-induced lockdown in Shanghai, this paper investigated the appeals for assistance by citizens on Weibo, aiming to understand their principal challenges and immediate needs.

Methods: This paper collected Weibo posts ( 1040) containing the keyword "Shanghai Anti-epidemic Help" during the citywide lockdown. The online help requests from Shanghai citizens were analyzed across 7 dimensions, including the help sought, level of urgency, help recipient, the intended beneficiary of the help, expression, position, and emotion.

Longitudinal Associations Between Youth Information Management With Mothers and Self-Esteem: The Role of a Sense of Control.

Introduction: Adolescents' information management behaviors involve calibrating interactions between the self and parents, which could serve as either risk or protective factors for self-esteem. Since a sense of control over life outcomes is a protective factor for overall well-being, it might account for links between youth information management and self-esteem. This longitudinal study examined whether youth's sense of control mediated associations between concealment and voluntary disclosure and their self-esteem, at both the between- and within-person levels.

Intramolecular Repulsive Interactions Enable High Efficiency of NIR-II Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens for High-Contrast Glioblastoma Imaging.

Strategies to acquire high-efficiency luminogens that emit in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) range are still rare due to the impediment of the energy gap law. Herein, a feasible strategy is pioneered by installing large-volume encumbrances in a confined space to intensify the repulsive interactions arising from overlapping electron densities. The experimental results, including smaller coordinate displacement, reduced reorganization energy, and suppressed internal conversion, demonstrate that the repulsive interactions assist in the inhibition of radiationless deactivation.

Mate-Pair Sequencing Enables Identification and Delineation of Balanced and Unbalanced Structural Variants in Prenatal Cytogenomic Diagnostics.

Background: Mate-pair sequencing detects both balanced and unbalanced structural variants (SVs) and simultaneously informs in relation to both genomic location and orientation of SVs for enhanced variant classification and clinical interpretation, while chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) only reports deletion/duplication. Herein, we evaluated its diagnostic utility in a prospective back-to-back prenatal comparative study with CMA.

Methods: From October 2021 to September 2023, 426 fetuses with ultrasound anomalies were prospectively recruited for mate-pair sequencing and CMA in parallel for prenatal genetic diagnosis.

Detection of Clinically Relevant Monogenic Copy-Number Variants by a Comprehensive Genome-Wide Microarray with Exonic Coverage.

Background: Disease-causing copy-number variants (CNVs) often encompass contiguous genes and can be detected using chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Conversely, CNVs affecting single disease-causing genes have historically been challenging to detect due to their small sizes.

Methods: A custom comprehensive CMA (Baylor College of Medicine - BCM v11.

Spatial transcriptomics in breast cancer: providing insight into tumor heterogeneity and promoting individualized therapy.

A comprehensive understanding of tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment and the mechanisms of drug resistance is fundamental to advancing breast cancer research. While single-cell RNA sequencing has resolved the issue of "temporal dynamic expression" of genes at the single-cell level, the lack of spatial information still prevents us from gaining a comprehensive understanding of breast cancer. The introduction and application of spatial transcriptomics addresses this limitation.

Roles of in human health: beyond dental caries.

() is the main pathogenic bacterium causing dental caries, and the modes in which its traits, such as acid production, acid tolerance, and adhesion that contribute to the dental caries process, has been clarified. However, a growing number of animal experiments and clinical revelations signify that these traits of are not restricted to the detriment of dental tissues. These traits can assist in evading the immune system within body fluids; they empower to adhere not merely to the surface of teeth but also to other tissues such as vascular endothelium; they can additionally trigger inflammatory reactions and inflict damage on various organs, thereby leading to the occurrence of systemic diseases.

Clearance of beta-amyloid and tau aggregates is size dependent and altered by an inflammatory challenge.

Extracellular beta-amyloid aggregation and inflammation are in a complex and not fully understood interplay during hyperphosphorylated tau aggregation and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Our group has previously shown that an immune challenge with tumour necrosis factor alpha can alter extracellular beta-sheet containing aggregates in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons carrying familial Alzheimer's disease-related presenilin 1 mutations. Here, using single-molecule detection and super-resolution imaging techniques, we quantified and characterized the intra- and extracellular beta-amyloid and AT8-positive tau aggregates.

Evolution of endometrial cancer incidence patterns in Hong Kong: A three-decade analysis with future projections.

Objective: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of endometrial cancer incidence trends in Hong Kong over the past three decades. It aims to evaluate the impact of demographic shifts and epidemiological factors, including age, birth cohort, and diagnosis period, on the incidence rates. The study also projects future trends in endometrial cancer cases up to 2030 and assesses the contributions of these factors using a detailed decomposition approach.

Pathogenesis and management of -related Olmsted syndrome.

Olmsted syndrome is characterized by symmetrically distributed, destructive, inflammatory palmoplantar keratoderma with periorificial keratotic plaques, most commonly due to gain-of-function mutations in the transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) gene, which involves multiple pathological functions of the skin, such as hyperkeratosis, dermatitis, hair loss, itching, and pain. Recent studies suggest that mutations of located in different structural domains lead to cases of varying severity, suggesting a potential genotype-phenotype correlation resulting from TRPV3 gene mutations. This paper reviews the genetics and pathogenesis of Olmsted syndrome, as well as the potential management and treatment.

1.6-Inch Transparent Micro-Display with Pixel Circuit Integrated microLED Chip Array by Misalignment-Free Transfer.

Recent advances in mass transfer technology are expected to bring next-generation micro light-emitting diodes (µLED) displays into reality, although reliable integration of the active-matrix backplane with the transferred µLEDs remains as a challenge. Here, the µLED display technology is innovated by demonstrating pixel circuit-integrated micro-LEDs (PIMLEDs) and integrating them onto a transparent glass substrate. The PIMLED comprises of low-temperature poly-silicon transistors and GaN µLED.

Pregnancy outcomes after all mode of conception in patients with genital tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the pregnancy outcomes of women di-agnosed with genital tuberculosis (GTB) who spontaneously conceived or underwent intrauterine in-semination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) after being treated with antitubercular therapy (ATT). Pub-lications from the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar data-bases were searched from December 20, 2021, to March 5, 2022. The outcomes are presented as pooled averages with 95% confidence intervals.

Ultra-Flexible High-Linearity Silicon Nanomembrane Synaptic Transistor Array.

The increasing demand for mobile artificial intelligence applications has elevated edge computing to a prominent research area. Silicon materials, renowned for their excellent electrical properties, are extensively utilized in traditional electronic devices. However, the development of silicon materials for flexible neuromorphic computing devices encounters great challenges.

Highly Efficient Monolithic Perovskite/TOPCon Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Enabled by "Halide Locking".

Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs) are promising candidates for commercialization due to their outstanding power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, controlling the crystallization process and alleviating the phases/composition inhomogeneity represent a considerable challenge for perovskite layers grown on rough silicon substrates, ultimately limiting the efficiency and stability of TSC. Here, this study reports a "halide locking" strategy that simultaneously modulates the nucleation and crystal growth process of wide bandgap perovskites by introducing a multifunctional ammonium salt, thioacetylacetamide hydrochloride (TAACl), to bind with all types of cations and anions in the mixed halide perovskite precursor.

Assessment of glaucoma with retinal nerve fiber layer optical density ratios from volumetric optical coherence tomography across various analytical radii.

Objective: To explore the impact of glaucoma on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) optical density ratio (ODR) by volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) under different analytical radii.

Methods: Twenty-five eyes identified as healthy and 57 eyes with a glaucoma diagnosis (23 mild and 34 moderate-advanced cases) underwent volumetric OCT scans centered at the optic nerve head. Cross-sectional images were obtained through 5 distinct analytical circles with varying radii.

Selective treatment de-escalation in advanced prostate cancer: have we come full circle?

Compelling evidence has solidified the notion of early treatment intensification in managing patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Landmark trials have provided Level 1 evidence for the survival benefits achieved by combining multiple agents. The efficacy of combined therapy relies not only on how treatment is intensified but also on how it is de-escalated.

Association between axial elongation and corneal topography in children undergoing orthokeratology with different back optic zone diameters.

Purpose: To explore the associations between myopia defocus dosage (MDD), aberration coefficients (primary spherical aberration and coma), and axial elongation in children undergoing orthokeratology (ortho-k) with back optic zone diameters (BOZD) of 5 mm and 6 mm over 2 years.

Methods: Data from 80 participants from two ortho-k studies were analyzed: 22 and 58 children wore lenses with 5-mm and 6-mm BOZD, respectively. Four MDD metrics were calculated from corneal topography data over a 5-mm pupil for the 1-month and 24-month visits: the circumferential, flat, steep, and volumetric MDD.

Oxaliplatin induces pyroptosis in hepatoma cells and enhances antitumor immunity against hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Pyroptosis is closely associated with chemotherapeutic drugs and immune response. Here, we investigated whether oxaliplatin, a key drug in FOLFOX-hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (FOLFOX-HAIC), induces pyroptosis in hepatoma cells and enhances antitumor immunity after tumor cell death.

Methods: Hepatoma cells were treated with oxaliplatin.

A simple model for Behavioral Time Scale Synaptic Plasticity (BTSP) provides content addressable memory with binary synapses and one-shot learning.

Recent experimental studies in the awake brain have identified a rule for synaptic plasticity that is instrumental for the instantaneous creation of memory traces in area CA1 of the mammalian brain: Behavioral Time scale Synaptic Plasticity. This one-shot learning rule differs in five essential aspects from previously considered plasticity mechanisms. We introduce a transparent model for the core function of this learning rule and establish a theory that enables a principled understanding of the system of memory traces that it creates.

L3MBTL3 and STAT3 collaboratively upregulate SNAIL expression to promote metastasis in female breast cancer.

The STAT3 pathway promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion and metastasis in cancer. STAT3 upregulates the transcription of the key epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factor SNAIL in a DNA binding-independent manner. However, the mechanism by which STAT3 is recruited to the SNAIL promoter to upregulate its expression is still elusive.

Modulation of glymphatic system by visual circuit activation alleviates memory impairment and apathy in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive amyloid deposition and cognitive decline, yet the pathological mechanisms and treatments remain elusive. Here we report the therapeutic potential of low-intensity 40 hertz blue light exposure in a 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Our findings reveal that light treatment prevents memory decline in 4-month-old 5xFAD mice and motivation loss in 14-month-old 5xFAD mice, accompanied by restoration of glial water channel aquaporin-4 polarity, improved brain drainage efficiency, and a reduction in hippocampal lipid accumulation.