Dynamic simulation of breast behaviour during different activities based on finite element modelling of multiple components of breast.

This study presents an advanced dynamic finite element (FE) model of multiple components of the breast to examine the biomechanical impact of different types of physical activities and activity intensity on the breast tissues. Using 4D scanning and motion capture technologies, dynamic data are collected during different activities. The accuracy of the FE model is verified based on relative mean absolute error (RMAE), and optimal material parameters are identified by using a validated stepwise grid search method.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Clinical Impact of Prophylactic Quinolones with Adjuvant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Instillation for Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

Background And Objective: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) reduces disease recurrence and progression in intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). BCG-associated adverse events during instillations are common, leading to treatment cessation. Prophylactic use of quinolones in conjunction with BCG instillations is one approach for reducing BCG-associated adverse events.

Neuropathic corneal pain following refractive surgery: risk factors, clinical manifestations, imaging and proteomic characteristics.

Background/aims: To identify the risk factors for neuropathic corneal pain (NCP) following corneal refractive surgery and to report its clinical manifestations, imaging and proteomic characteristics.

Methods: This 1 year prospective cohort study included 100 eyes that underwent small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) or laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Ocular surface assessments, in-vivo confocal microscopy scans, tear neuromediators and proteomics analyses were performed.

Alzheimer's disease risk ABCA7 p.A696S variant disturbs the microglial response to amyloid pathology in mice.

The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) gene is ranked as one of the top susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease (AD). While ABCA7 mediates lipid transport across cellular membranes, ABCA7 loss of function has been shown to exacerbate amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and compromise microglial function. Our family-based study uncovered an extremely rare ABCA7 p.

Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report.

Background: The 2006 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (NIAID/FAAN) anaphylaxis criteria are widely used in clinical care and research. In 2020, the World Allergy Organization (WAO) published modified criteria that have not been uniformly adopted. Different criteria contribute to inconsistent care and research outcomes.

Development and testing the psychometric properties of 20 bolt-on items for the EQ-5D-5L across 31 rare diseases.

Objective: Our objective was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of relevant bolt-on items for the EQ-5D-5L in patients with rare diseases (RDs).

Methods: Nineteen new EQ-5D-5L bolt-ons were developed based on literature review, expert input and qualitative interviews and focus groups with patients, caregivers and representatives of patient associations. A nationwide, cross-sectional, web-based survey in China included patients or caregivers of patients with 31 RDs in China (n=9,190).

Uncovering the active ingredients of Xinbao pill against chronic heart failure: A chemical profiling, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics integrated study.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Xinbao pill (XBP) is a renowned Chinese patent medicine, primarily efficacious in warming and nourishing the heart and kidneys, supplementing Qi to boost Yang, and promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. XBP has been utilized for the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) for nearly 30 years, but the lack of clarity regarding the active ingredients of XBP against CHF has hindered its clinical application and further promotion.

Aim Of The Study: To comprehensively elucidate the efficacy-specific ingredients and potential mechanism of XBP against CHF.

First trimester cervical angles for the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth.

Objective: First trimester cervical angles for the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) remains unclear. The objective is to explore the potential value of first trimester cervical angles for the prediction of sPTB.

Study Design: This was a secondary analysis of data derived from a prospective cohort study for sPTB screening in singleton pregnancies at 11 + 0-13 + 6 weeks in women attending routine Down's syndrome screening at Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, between June 2018 and July 2020.

Ambient air pollution and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a global study between 1990 and 2019.

Background: Emerging research found air pollution may be associated with incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. However, few studies have examined these associations at the global scale. This study aimed to assess the dynamic associations between ambient air pollution and the burden of AD and other dementias worldwide.

Randomized studies in China show that studying and promoting civic honesty needs to consider local norms.

Civic honesty is a crucial behavior that policymakers and business leaders strive to promote among citizens and employees. We conducted online and field experiments in China adapting the setting of a recent research which employed an innovative design to study civic honesty behavior around the globe. Results show that the psychological mechanism underlying lost-wallet reporting behavior in China is somewhat different from what has been suggested in the literature.

Efficient nonlinear function approximation in analog resistive crossbars for recurrent neural networks.

Analog In-memory Computing (IMC) has demonstrated energy-efficient and low latency implementation of convolution and fully-connected layers in deep neural networks (DNN) by using physics for computing in parallel resistive memory arrays. However, recurrent neural networks (RNN) that are widely used for speech-recognition and natural language processing have tasted limited success with this approach. This can be attributed to the significant time and energy penalties incurred in implementing nonlinear activation functions that are abundant in such models.

Effects of thermal aging on the performance of ordinary and novel superhydrophobic and oleophobic ultra-fine dry powder extinguishing agent.

Powder-based fire extinguishing agents have become a kind of promising substitutes for halon extinguishing agents in civil aircrafts. However, their storage lifespan, significantly influenced by the thermal aging, emerges as a crucial yet overlooked aspect for aviation use. This study investigates the effects of thermal aging cycles on various parameters of ordinary dry powder extinguishing agent (ODPEA) and novel superhydrophobic and oleophobic ultra-fine dry powder extinguishing agent (SHOU DPEA), including surface microscopic morphology, D90 (the diameter at which 90% of the cumulative volume of particles are equal to or smaller than this value), chemical structure, hydrophobic and oleophobic angles, flowability, extinguishing time and effectiveness.

Non-fullerene acceptors with high crystallinity and photoluminescence quantum yield enable >20% efficiency organic solar cells.

The rational design of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with both high crystallinity and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is of crucial importance for achieving high-efficiency and low-energy-loss organic solar cells (OSCs). However, increasing the crystallinity of an NFA tends to decrease its PLQY, which results in a high non-radiative energy loss in OSCs. Here we demonstrate that the crystallinity and PLQY of NFAs can be fine-tuned by asymmetrically adapting the branching position of alkyl chains on the thiophene unit of the L8-BO acceptor.

Light-driven dancing of nematic colloids in fractional skyrmions and bimerons.

Materials with full and fractional skyrmions are important for fundamental studies and can be applied as information carriers for applications in spintronics or skyrmionics. However, creation, direct optical observation and manipulation of different skyrmion textures remain challenging. Besides, how the transformation of skyrmion textures directs the dynamics of colloids is not well understood.

Enhancing Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Array Stability on Dental Implants through Laser Lithography-Assisted Microline Patterning.

Titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TNTs) generated in situ on the surface of dental implants have been shown to enhance bone integration for load-bearing support while managing load distribution and energy dissipation to prevent bone resorption from overload. However, their inadequate stability limits the clinical use of conventional TNTs. This study introduces an innovative approach to improve the mechanical stability of TNTs while maintaining their bone-integration efficiency.

Psychological resilience, dyadic coping, and dyadic adjustment in couples dealing with cervical cancer in Northwest China: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between dyadic coping and dyadic adjustment in patients with cervical cancer and their spouses in northwest China, and explore the mediating role of psychological resilience in this relationship.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to October 2024 in two tertiary hospitals in Xinjiang Province, China; 260 patients with cervical cancer and their spouses were enrolled. Participants independently completed demographic and clinical questionnaires as well as Chinese versions of the Resilience Scale, Dyadic Coping Inventory, and Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Scale.

Rationally manipulating molecular planarity to improve molar absorptivity, NIR-II brightness, and photothermal effect for tumor phototheranostics.

The secondary near-infrared region (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) offers a noninvasive and light-controllable treatment option for deep-seated cancers. However, the development of NIR-II photothermal agents (NIR-II PTAs) that possess the desired properties of high molar absorption coefficient (ε), fluorescence quantum yield (QY), and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) remain a challenge due to the contradiction between radiative and nonradiative processes. Herein, we propose a novel side-chain heteroatom substitution engineering strategy to simultaneously enhance ε, QY, and PCE by modifying the molecular planarity.

Preferences for the ocular region aesthetics and elective double eyelid surgery in Chinese: A nationwide discrete choice experiment.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate preferences for elective double eyelid surgery and explore the psychosocial underpinnings influencing ocular aesthetics and attitudes toward aesthetic surgery.

Method: This nationwide online experiment was conducted throughout four tiers of cities in China using quota sampling, which included self-administered Likert scales for general self-efficacy and modified body image and a set of discrete choice experiments (DCE) that measured the relative value and odds ratio of elective double eyelid surgery surgical options and marginal willingness to pay for procedure attributes.

Results: A total of 554 respondents were included in the final analysis (41.

The application of non-invasive neuromodulation in stuttering: Current status and future directions.

Non-invasive neuromodulation methods such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), have been extensively utilized to enhance treatment efficacy for various neurogenic communicative disorders. Recently, these methods have gained attention for their potential to reveal more about the underlying nature of stuttering and serve as adjunct therapeutic approaches for stuttering intervention. In this review, we present existing research and discuss critical factors that might influence the efficacy of these interventions, such as location, polarity, intensity, and duration of stimulation, as well as the impact of combined behavioral training.

Plasma phosphorylated tau217 strongly associates with memory deficits in the Alzheimer's disease spectrum.

Plasma phosphorylated tau biomarkers open unprecedented opportunities for identifying carriers of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology in early disease stages using minimally invasive techniques. Plasma p-tau biomarkers are believed to reflect tau phosphorylation and secretion. However, it remains unclear to what extent the magnitude of plasma p-tau abnormalities reflects neuronal network disturbance in the form of cognitive impairment.

Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Modulation of Dopaminergic Midbrain Activity in Young Adults With Elevated Internet Gaming Disorder Risk: Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study provides preliminary evidence for real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (rt-fMRI NF) as a potential intervention approach for internet gaming disorder (IGD). In a preregistered, randomized, single-blind trial, young individuals with elevated IGD risk were trained to downregulate gaming addiction-related brain activity. We show that, after 2 sessions of neurofeedback training, participants successfully downregulated their brain responses to gaming cues, suggesting the therapeutic potential of rt-fMRI NF for IGD (Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.

First-Line Mobocertinib Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Exon 20 Insertion-Positive Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Phase III EXCLAIM-2 Trial.

Purpose: Mobocertinib is an oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This open-label, phase III trial (EXCLAIM-2: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04129502) compared mobocertinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment of ex20ins+ advanced/metastatic NSCLC.

Exploring the boundary of quantum correlations with a time-domain optical processor.

Contextuality is a hallmark feature of the quantum theory that captures its incompatibility with any noncontextual hidden-variable model. The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)-type paradoxes are proofs of contextuality that reveal this incompatibility with deterministic logical arguments. However, the GHZ-type paradox whose events can be included in the fewest contexts and that brings the strongest nonclassicality remains elusive.