Reverse-engineering the FLT3-PI3K/AKT axis to enhance TILs function and improve prognosis in ovarian and cervical cancers.

Background: Ovarian cancers (OC) and cervical cancers (CC) have poor survival rates. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play a pivotal role in prognosis, but shared immune mechanisms remain elusive.

Methods: We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) to explore immune regulation in OC and CC, focusing on the PI3K/AKT pathway and FLT3 as key modulators.

Amelioration of premature aging in Werner syndrome stem cells by targeting SHIP/AKT pathway.

Background: Pathogenic or null mutations in WRN helicase is a cause of premature aging disease Werner syndrome (WS). WRN is known to protect somatic cells including adult stem cells from premature senescence. Loss of WRN in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) not only drives the cells to premature senescence but also significantly impairs the function of the stem cells in tissue repair or regeneration.

Total population for a resource-limited single consumer model.

In the past several decades, much attention has been focused on the effects of dispersal on total populations of species. In Zhang (EL 20:1118-1128, 2017), a rigorous biological experiment was performed to confirm the mathematical conclusion: Dispersal tends to enhance populations under a suitable hypothesis. In addition, mathematical models keeping track of resource dynamics in population growth were also proposed in Zhang (EL 20:1118-1128, 2017) to understand this remarkable phenomenon.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus using Nanopore and Hi-C technologies.

Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) is one of the "four famous domestic fishes" in China and an important economic fish in freshwater aquaculture. A high-quality genome is essential for advancing future biological research and breeding programs for this species. In this study, we aimed to generate a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of black carp using Nanopore and Hi-C technologies.

Solvent-dripping modulated 3D/2D heterostructures for high-performance perovskite solar cells.

The controlled growth of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite atop three-dimensional (3D) perovskite films reduces interfacial recombination and impedes ion migration, thus improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unfortunately, the random orientation of the spontaneously formed 2D phase atop the pre-deposited 3D perovskite film can deteriorate charge extraction owing to energetic disorder, limiting the maximum attainable efficiency and long-term stability of the PSCs. Here, we introduce a meta-amidinopyridine ligand and the solvent post-dripping step to generate a highly ordered 2D perovskite phase on the surface of a 3D perovskite film.

SAA3 deficiency exacerbates intestinal fibrosis in DSS-induced IBD mouse model.

Intestinal fibrosis, as a late-stage complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leads to bowel obstruction and requires surgical intervention, significantly lowering the quality of life of affected patients. SAA3, a highly conserved member of the serum amyloid A (SAA) apolipoprotein family in mice, is synthesized primarily as an acute phase reactant in response to infection, inflammation and trauma. An increasing number of evidence suggests that SAA3 exerts a vital role in the fibrotic process, even though the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully comprehended.

Highly printable, strong, and ductile ordered intermetallic alloy.

Ordered intermetallic alloys are renowned for their impressive mechanical, chemical, and physical properties, making them appealing for various fields. However, practical applications of them have long been severely hindered due to their severe brittleness and poor fabricability. It is difficult to fabricate such materials into components with complex geometries through traditional subtractive manufacturing methods.

Validation of Muscle Ultrasound Speckle Tracking and the Effect of Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Biceps Femoris Displacement.

Objective: This study aimed to validate the ultrasound speckle tracking (UST) algorithm, determine the optimal probe location by comparing normalized cross-correlation (NCC) values of muscle displacement at two locations (proximal vs. middle) of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) using the UST, and investigate the effects of Nordic hamstring curl exercise (NHE) training on BFlh displacement.

Methods: UST efficacy was verified with ex vivo uniaxial testing of porcine leg muscles.

Prognostic performance of the two-step clinical care pathway in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background & Aims: Current guidelines recommend a 2-step approach for risk stratification in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) with Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) followed by liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) or similar second-line tests. This study aimed to examine to prognostic performance of this approach.

Methods: The VCTE-Prognosis Study was a longitudinal study of patients with MASLD who had undergone VCTE examinations at 16 centres from the US, Europe and Asia with subsequent follow-up for clinical events.

Dual targeting PPARα and NPC1L1 metabolic vulnerabilities blocks tumorigenesis.

Dysregulated lipid metabolism is linked to tumor progression. In this study, we identified Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) as a downstream effector of PKM2. In breast cancer cells, PKM2 knockout (KO) enhanced NPC1L1 expression while downregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) signaling pathway.

Residence time of particles in indoor surface networks.

Infectious microbes can spread rapidly from fomites (contaminated surfaces) via hand touch, with prolonged residence time on surfaces increasing transmission risk by extending exposure periods and/or involving more susceptible individuals. Existing studies have focused on decreasing microbial contamination, but not on the need for rapid removal from surface systems. This study introduces residence time as the time that a microbe spends within the surface system.

Dietary patterns modify the association between body mass index and mortality in older adults.

Background: The potential modifying roles of dietary patterns in the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in older adults remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the stratified and combined associations of dietary patterns and BMI with all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 3982 Chinese community-dwelling older adults between 2001 and 2003.

Genetics of biliary atresia: Approaches, pathological insights and challenges.

Biliary atresia (BA) is a severe neonatal cholestatic disorder marked by fibro-obliteration of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts. It is the most common cause of pediatric end-stage liver disease and the leading indication for liver transplantation in children. There is significant heterogeneity in the etiology, involving various genetic and environmental factors such as viral infection, immune dysregulation and genetic predisposition to defective hepatobiliary development.

Transgastric single-incision laparoscopic resection for a recurrent gastric adenoma at the prepyloric antrum: A case report.

Introduction: Endoscopic resection is suitable for most benign gastric or early stage cancerous polyps. Laparoscopic local resection is performed only for gastric polyps that are difficult to treat with endoscopic resection, such as recurrent or large polyps. However, when polyps are located in difficult regions, such as the gastric cardia and prepyloric antrum, wedge resection may damage the sphincter around the cardia or pylorus, resulting in postoperative deformity or stenosis.

Enhancing early breast cancer detection with APE1-triggered oligonucleotide probes and graphene oxide: The impact of variable AP site modification on sensitivity and specificity.

There is a critical need for inclusive diagnostic platforms to enhance the accuracy of early breast cancer detection. Dysregulated microRNA-1246 (miR-1246), closely linked to the disease progression and recurrence, has emerged as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for BC. However, achieving simple, rapid, and ultrasensitive quantification of serum miRNAs remains significant challenge.

Molecular dynamics and factors governing recalcitrance of dissolved organic matter: Insights from laboratory incubation and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry.

The oceanic dissolved organic matter (DOM) reservoir is one of Earth's largest carbon pools, yet the factors contributing to its recalcitrance and persistence remain poorly understood. Here, we employed ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS) to examine the molecular dynamics of DOM from terrestrial, marine and mixed sources during bio-incubation over weekly, monthly, and one year time spans. Using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), we classified DOM into three distinct categories (Consumed, Resistant and Product) based on their presence or absence at the start and end of the incubation.

Land use dynamics and their impact on hydrology and water quality of a river catchment: a comprehensive analysis and future scenario.

Land use changes profoundly affect hydrological processes and water quality at various scales, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of sustainable water resource management. This paper investigates the implications of land use alterations in the Gap-Cheon watershed, analyzing data from 2012 and 2022 and predicting changes up to 2052 using the Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) model. The study employs the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) model to assess water quantity and quality dynamics.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces sclerostin secretion by extracellular vesicle via TLR4/miR-92a-3p/PTEN/NF-κB signalling pathway in murine macrophage.

Background: Sclerostin (SOST) is traditionally regarded as an osteocyte-derived secreted glycoprotein that regulates bone mineralization. Recent studies reported that SOST is also released from non-skeletal sources, especially during inflammation. However, the cellular source and regulatory mechanisms governing SOST generation in inflammation remain unclear.

Photosensitive Hybrid γδ-T Exosomes for Targeted Cancer Photoimmunotherapy.

Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancers. Traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy have limited effectiveness and can lead to systemic side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photoresponsive cancer therapy based on photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eradicate tumor cells.

Ultralow Coordination Copper Sites Compartmentalized within Ordered Pores for Highly Efficient Electrosynthesis of -Propanol from CO.

Coordinatively unsaturated copper (Cu) has been demonstrated to be effective for electrifying CO reduction into C products by adjusting the coupling of C-C intermediates. Nevertheless, the intuitive impacts of ultralow coordination Cu sites on C products are scarcely elucidated due to the lack of synthetic recipes for Cu with low coordination numbers and its vulnerability to aggregation under reductive potentials. Herein, computational predictions revealed that Cu sites with higher levels of coordinative unsaturation favored the adsorption of C and C intermediates.

The Effects of Exergaming on the Depressive Symptoms of People With Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Depressive symptoms are common among people with dementia (PWD). Exergaming consisting of combined cognitive and physical training in gaming is increasingly used to alleviate their depressive symptoms in research. With its potential synergistic neurobiological and psychosocial effects on reducing depressive symptoms among PWD, this review aimed to understand its effectiveness and contents.

Patterns of Treatment and Real-World Outcomes of Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations Receiving Mobocertinib: The EXTRACT Study.

Background: Real-world data regarding patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations receiving mobocertinib are limited. This study describes these patients' characteristics and outcomes.

Methods: A chart review was conducted across three countries (Canada, France, and Hong Kong), abstracting data from eligible patients (NCT05207423).

Peptide Aptamer-Paclitaxel Conjugates for Tumor Targeted Therapy.

: Traditional paclitaxel therapy often results in significant side effects due to its non-specific targeting of cancer cells. Peptide aptamer-paclitaxel conjugates present a promising alternative by covalently attaching paclitaxel to a versatile peptide aptamer via a linker. Compared to antibody-paclitaxel conjugates, peptide aptamer-paclitaxel conjugates offer several advantages, including a smaller size, lower immunogenicity, improved tissue penetration, and easier engineering.