Childhood-Onset ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: From Genetic Studies to Advances in Pathogenesis, Classification and Novel Therapeutic Approaches.

Childhood-onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) represents a heterogeneous group of multi-system autoimmune conditions associated with chronic inflammation, characteristically affecting small blood vessels, leading to various organ and system manifestations. Although rare in paediatric populations, AAV poses challenges in early recognition, diagnosis and management of refractory cases. This review highlights the characteristics of clinical presentation and outcomes of AAV in children, as well as its current classification and progress achieved in understanding the disease pathogenesis, with a focus on adult and paediatric genetic studies.

Beta-Thalassemia and Male Infertility: Unraveling the Oxidative Stress Connection-An Up-to-Date Review.

Background/objectives: Beta-thalassemia (BTH), a genetic disorder resulting from beta-globin gene mutations, affects over 1.5 million people globally. The disorder's multifactorial impact on male fertility, particularly through oxidative stress (OS), warrants focused study.

Can GastroPanel be used as a triage tool to select patients with advanced atrophic gastritis for gastroscopy? A prospective clinical validation study.

Objective: Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the 17th most common cancer in the UK with a 5-year survival rate of 22%. GastroPanel (Biohit Oyj; Helsinki, Finland) is an ELISA kit that measures pepsinogen I (PGI); pepsinogen II (PGII); gastrin-17 (G-17); and Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies (Hp IgG). PGI and the PGI/PGII ratio correlate inversely with the severity of chronic atrophic gastritis (AG).

A modified technique for radial artery access: how interventional radiologists can optimise the cardiologists' technique to suite their procedures.

Background: This is a single-centre prospective observational study examining radial access in 62 Prostatic Artery Embolisation (PAE) procedures. Evaluation of left radial artery diameter using high frequency ultrasound before and after administration of sublingual glycerl trinitrate (GTN). Pre-procedure questionnaires calculating symptom severity score compared with post-procedure.

East London Project: a participatory mixed-method evaluation on how removing enforcement could affect sex workers' safety, health and access to services in East London.

Background: Sex workers' risk of violence and ill-health is shaped by their work environments, community and structural factors, including criminalisation.

Aim: We evaluated the impact of removing police enforcement on sex workers' safety, health and access to services.

Design: Mixed-methods participatory study comprising qualitative research, a prospective cohort study, mathematical modelling and routine data collation.

Exploring the cascade of mental healthcare among people with HIV experiencing depressive symptoms in the UK and Ireland: The POPPY study.

Introduction: Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among people with HIV, which can negatively impact HIV-related outcomes. We explore the cascade of mental healthcare for people with HIV experiencing depressive symptoms.

Methods: People with HIV who were part of the Pharmacokinetic and clinical Observations in PeoPle over fiftY (POPPY) study (2013-2016) were included.

Procedural factors influencing successful coronary sinus reducer implantation for refractory angina: A single-centre experience.

Background: Coronary sinus reducer (CSR) implantation is emerging as a novel effective percutaneous therapy for patients with refractory angina. Limited data exists examining the factors influencing successful CSR implantation. As CSR implantation becomes more widely adopted, a greater understanding of the procedural challenges which operators encounter is required.

Tuberculosis in adult migrants in Europe: a TBnet consensus statement.

Introduction: Global migration has increased in recent decades due to war, conflict, persecutions, and natural disasters, but also secondary to increased opportunities related to work or study. Migrants' risk of tuberculosis (TB) differs by reasons for migration, socioeconomic status, mode of travel and TB risk in transit, TB incidence and healthcare provision in country of origin. Despite advances in TB care for migrants and new treatment strategies, decisions for the management of migrants at risk of TB often rely on expert opinions, rather than clinical evidence.

Clinical outcomes of a novel 'all-suture' fixation for valgus-impacted proximal humeral fractures.

Background: Conventional techniques for the fixation of displaced proximal humeral fractures include the use of locking plates, intramedullary nailing, hemiarthroplasty and reverse shoulder replacement. Valgus-impacted fractures are a common subtype of proximal humeral fracture, but there are few publications concerning the outcomes of treatment. This study aims to review outcomes following an 'all-suture' technique for this fracture subtype without the use of transosseous sutures.

The effect of tactile cueing on dual task performance in Parkinson's disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Dual-task (DT) performance is impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD), contributing to bradykinesia, postural instability, freezing of gait, and falls. Tactile cueing, including vibrotactile stimulation, has been suggested to improve DT performance in PD.

Research Question: Does tactile cueing affect DT performance in PD, specifically measured by dual-task cost (DTC)?

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE up to October 30, 2023, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Associations between multimorbidity burden and objective and patient-reported sleep outcomes among people living with HIV.

Background: We aimed to provide insights into the effects of comorbidities on sleep health in people with HIV by assessing associations between multimorbidity patterns and sleep outcomes in the Pharmacokinetic and clinical Observations in PeoPle over fiftY (POPPY) sub-study.

Methods: Principal component analysis identified six multimorbidity patterns among participants with HIV (n = 1073) at baseline: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), Sexually transmitted diseases, Metabolic, Mental/Joint, Neurological and Cancer/Other. Burden z-scores were calculated for each individual/pattern.

Laparoscopic Single Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass Versus One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass as Revisional Procedures after Sleeve Gastrectomy: Meta-analysis and Systematic Review.

Background: It has been observed that 5-8% of primary bariatric procedures result in inadequate treatment response, necessitating the need for revisional surgery. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to compare the effectiveness of single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass (SADI) and one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) in addressing weight recurrence following sleeve gastrectomy.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases.

Should the beach chair position have national guidelines to reduce the risk of cerebrovascular complications? Results from a National Survey of Surgeons and Anaesthetists.

Background: The beach chair position is frequently used in UK shoulder surgeries, but cerebrovascular complications, while rare, can have severe consequences. No consensus exists on best practices due to limited evidence.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sampling method among the British Elbow and Shoulder Society and Regional Anaesthesia UK members to gauge the need for guidelines.

The Context of the Emergency Department as a Location for a Smoking Cessation Intervention-Process Evaluation Findings From the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department Trial.

Introduction: Hospital emergency departments (ED) offer an opportunity to engage with large numbers of people who smoke to prompt cessation, although the acceptability of opportunistic intervention in this context has been questioned. This process evaluation study was embedded into the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department (COSTED) randomized controlled trial and sought to explore the context of intervention delivery within the ED.

Aims And Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants and staff across six EDs participating in the COSTED randomized controlled trial.

Focal, generalised epilepsy or both?

A 29-year-old woman presented with a witnessed convulsion, with semiology consistent with a focal-to-bilateral tonic-clonic seizure. Routine EEG supported a syndromic diagnosis of idiopathic generalised epilepsy with photosensitivity. We discuss the clinical utility of seizure semiology, highlighting the caveat that over-reliance or sole reliance on the ictal semiology may result in an erroneous diagnosis of focal epilepsy in someone with a generalised epilepsy.

Impact of social factors on the outcome of status epilepticus.

In this review we look at the evidence of the impact of social factors, both inherent and external on the prognosis of status epilepticus (SE). Specifically, we look at the impact of gender, ethnicity, educational level and social deprivation on the incidence and prognosis of SE. We found evidence of clear differences in SE incidence and mortality by ethnicity (at least in the United States) with the highest incidence and lowest mortality rates in black populations.

Cost-utility analysis of provision of e-cigarette starter kits for smoking cessation in emergency departments: An economic evaluation of a randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To assess the cost-effectiveness of the Cessation of Smoking Trial in Emergency Department (COSTED) intervention compared with signposting to local stop smoking service (SSS) from the National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services (PSS) perspective.

Design, Setting And Participants: This was a two-group, multi-centre, pragmatic, individually randomized controlled trial set in six Emergency Departments (EDs) in urban and rural areas in the United Kingdom. Adult (≥ 18 years) daily smokers (at least one cigarette or equivalent per day) but not daily e-cigarette users, with carbon monoxide reading ≥ 8 parts per million, attending the ED (n = 972) were included.

Corrigendum: Raised plasma neurofilament light protein levels are associated with abnormal MRI outcomes in newborns undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.