Altered body composition in obesity: Prevalence, associated factors and comparison of two methods.

Background & Aims: There is still some uncertainty towards the best method to diagnose the sarcopenic obesity, and specifically, altered body composition. A recent international consensus proposes the association of increased fat mass (FM) with reduced skeletal muscle mass adjusted by weight (SMM/W) (method 1). The ratio of fat mass index (FMI)/fat free mass index (FFMI) (method 2) has also been proposed.

Characteristics and outcome of patients referred to a specialized outpatient clinic for the management of malnutrition: A retrospective audit.

Background & Aims: Insufficient screening and management of malnutrition leads to increase morbidity and mortality.

Aims: to evaluate the characteristics and clinical outcomes of malnourished patients referred to a specialized outpatient clinic for the management of malnutrition (primary); to compare the latter according to malnutrition severity; to determine the factors associated with severe malnutrition and mortality; to compare the consistency of the decided medical nutrition therapy with the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines (secondary).

Methods: This retrospective, observational study included malnourished adults referred for the first time to the specialized nutrition consultation of a teaching University Hospital during 50 months.

Implementation of the ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit (ICU): It is time to move forward!: A position paper from the 'nutrition in the ICU' ESPEN special interest group.

Nutritional assessment and provision of nutritional therapy are a core part of intensive care unit (ICU) patient treatment. The ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the ICU was published in 2019. However, uncertainty and difficulties remain regarding its full implementation in daily practice.

Exploration of fMRI brain responses to oral sucrose after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in obese yucatan minipigs in relationship with microbiota and metabolomics profiles.

Background & Aims: In most cases, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is an efficient intervention to lose weight, change eating behavior and improve metabolic outcomes in obese patients. We hypothesized that weight loss induced by RYGBP in obese Yucatan minipigs would induce specific modifications of the gut-brain axis and neurocognitive responses to oral sucrose stimulation in relationship with food intake control.

Methods: An integrative study was performed after SHAM (n = 8) or RYGBP (n = 8) surgery to disentangle the physiological, metabolic and neurocognitive mechanisms of RYGBP.

Characteristics of adult patients with chronic intestinal failure due to short bowel syndrome: An international multicenter survey.

Background And Aims: The case-mix of patients with intestinal failure due to short bowel syndrome (SBS-IF) can differ among centres and may also be affected by the timeframe of data collection. Therefore, the ESPEN international multicenter cross-sectional survey was analyzed to compare the characteristics of SBS-IF cohorts collected within the same timeframe in different countries.

Methods: The study included 1880 adult SBS-IF patients collected in 2015 by 65 centres from 22 countries.

Overview on nutritional issues in bariatric surgery.

Purpose Of Review: In the context of the worldwide obesity epidemic, bariatric surgery is the only therapy associated with a sustainable weight loss and to midterm prevention of obesity-related complications. However, nutritional and behavioral multidisciplinary medical preparation, as well as long-term postoperative nutritional follow-up, is strongly advised to avoid postoperative surgical, nutritional, or psychiatric complications.

Recent Findings: Due to a long history of restrictive diets and large body weight fluctuations, preoperative nutritional assessment and correction of vitamin and trace elements deficiencies are mandatory.

Chyme reinfusion or enteroclysis in nutrition of patients with temporary double enterostomy or enterocutaneous fistula.

Purpose Of Review: Patients with double temporary enterostomy or enterocutaneous fistula may suffer from intestinal failure. Parenteral nutrition is the gold standard treatment until surgical re-establishment of intestinal continuity, but serious complications may arise. Chyme reinfusion or enteroclysis are indicated.

Chyme reinfusion in patients with intestinal failure due to temporary double enterostomy: A 15-year prospective cohort in a referral centre.

Background & Aims: Patients with double temporary enterostomy may suffer from intestinal failure (IF). Parenteral nutrition (PN) is the gold standard treatment until surgical reestablishment of intestinal continuity. Chyme reinfusion (CR) is a technique consisting in an extracorporeal circulation of the chyme.

Nutrition support after intestinal transplantation: how important is enteral feeding?

Purpose Of Review: Intestinal transplantation is the alternative treatment in patients with irreversible intestinal failure, who depend on long-term parenteral nutrition. Nutrition management after intestinal transplantation should contribute to reducing the risk of graft rejection, to improving gut trophicity and should optimize nutrient absorption, the main goal being to achieve full intestinal autonomy.

Recent Findings: Enteral feeding can be administered into the stomach, or directly into the jejunum.