Tissue Acceleration as a Novel Metric for Surgical Performance During Carotid Endarterectomy.

Background And Objectives: Gentle tissue handling to avoid excessive motion of affected fragile vessels during surgical dissection is essential for both surgeon proficiency and patient safety during carotid endarterectomy (CEA). However, a void remains in the quantification of these aspects during surgery. The video-based measurement of tissue acceleration is presented as a novel metric for the objective assessment of surgical performance.

PTPδ is a presynaptic organizer for the formation and maintenance of climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapses in the developing cerebellum.

Functionally mature neural circuits are shaped during postnatal development by eliminating redundant synapses formed during the perinatal period. In the cerebellum of neonatal rodents, each Purkinje cell (PC) receives synaptic inputs from multiple (more than 4) climbing fibers (CFs). During the first 3 postnatal weeks, synaptic inputs from a single CF become markedly larger and those from the other CFs are eliminated in each PC, leading to mono-innervation of each PC by a strong CF in adulthood.

The clinical impact of COVID-19 on endoscopic surgery in Japan: Analysis of data from the National Clinical Database.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on elective endoscopic surgeries in Japan using the National Clinical Database.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological factors and surgical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG), and laparoscopic low anterior resection (LLAR) and compared the monthly numbers of each procedure performed in 2020 with those in 2018 and 2019. The degree of infection in prefectures was classified into low and high groups.

Long-term risk of a fatty liver in liver donors.

Aim: Approximately 30 years have passed since the first experience of living donor liver transplantation. The time to evaluate the long-term safety of living donors has been fulfilled. Meanwhile, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is increasingly common and a critical problem.

Evidence of causality of low body mass index on risk of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a Mendelian randomization study.

Introduction: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a disorder with a three-dimensional spinal deformity and is a common disease affecting 1-5% of adolescents. AIS is also known as a complex disease involved in environmental and genetic factors. A relation between AIS and body mass index (BMI) has been epidemiologically and genetically suggested.

Genotyping of strains isolated in Japan during 2019 and 2020: spread of gene type 2c and 2j variant strains.

We characterized 118 strains isolated from three areas of Japan (Saitama, Kanagawa, and Osaka) during the period of 2019 and 2020. Genotyping of the gene in these strains revealed that 29 of them were type 1 lineage (29/118, 24.6%), while 89 were type 2 lineage (89/118, 75.

Training in neuropsychiatry: views of early career psychiatrists from across the world.

Background: Training and practice in neuropsychiatry varies across the world. However, little is known about the experiences and opinions of early career psychiatrists (ECPs) across different countries regarding neuropsychiatry.

Aims And Method: To investigate neuropsychiatry training experiences, practices and opinions among ECPs across different countries.

Radiation Oncology Research in Asia: Current Status and a Peep Into the Future From the Federation of Asian Organizations for Radiation Oncology.

Purpose: This survey was conducted to assess the current research practices among the 14 members of the Federation of Asian Organizations for Radiation Oncology (FARO) committee, to inform measures for research capacity building in these nations.

Materials And Methods: A 19-item electronic survey was sent to two research committee members from the 14 representative national radiation oncology organizations (N = 28) that are a part of FARO.

Results: Thirteen of the 14 member organizations (93%) and 20 of 28 members (71.

Change of prescription for patients with schizophrenia or major depressive disorder during admission: real-world prescribing surveys from the effectiveness of guidelines for dissemination and education psychiatric treatment project.

Background: Polypharmacy of additional psychotropics alongside the main treatment drug (antipsychotics in schizophrenia and antidepressants in major depressive disorder) is common in Japan. Our goal is to align psychotropic prescription in Japan with international standards, while reducing the differences between facilities. To achieve this goal, we aimed to compare prescriptions at the time of hospital admission and discharge.

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) As a Biomarker for Lymphoid Malignancy with HCV Infection.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is potentially associated with liver cancer, and advances in various drugs have led to progress in the treatment of hepatitis C and attempts to prevent its transition to liver cancer. Furthermore, reactivation of HCV has been observed in the treatment of lymphoma, during which the immortalization and proliferation of lymphocytes occur, which leads to the possibility of further stimulating cytokines and the like and possibly to the development of lymphoid malignancy. There are also cases in which the disappearance of lymphoid malignancy has been observed by treating HCV and suppressing HCV-Ribonucleic acid (RNA), as well as cases of recurrence with an increase in HCV-RNA.

Exploration of Optimal pH in Hypothermic Machine Perfusion for Rat Liver Grafts Retrieved after Circulatory Death.

Ex vivo hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) is a strategy for controlling ischemia-reperfusion injury in donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver transplantation. The pH of blood increases with a decrease in temperature and water dissociation, leading to a decrease in [H]. This study aimed to verify the optimal pH of HMP for DCD livers.

Two Modes of Th1 Polarization Induced by Dendritic-Cell-Priming Adjuvant in Vaccination.

Viral infections are usually accompanied by systemic cytokinemia. Vaccines need not necessarily mimic infection by inducing cytokinemia, but must induce antiviral-acquired immunity. Virus-derived nucleic acids are potential immune-enhancers and particularly good candidates as adjuvants in vaccines in mouse models.

Preservation of Enlarged Mastoid Emissary Vein during Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia Accompanied by Abnormal Venous Drainage: A Technical Case Report.

During microvascular decompression (MVD) for trigeminal neuralgia (TGN), the mastoid emissary veins (MEV) are routinely sacrificed using the suboccipital retrosigmoid approach. The technical nuances when the MEV is an important collateral venous pathway for the obstructive internal jugular vein (IJV) have not been described thus far. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time a modified surgical technique for MVD to preserve the MEV.

Prognostic impact of LILRB4 expression on tumor-infiltrating cells in resected non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 (LILRB4/ILT3) is an up-and-coming molecule that promotes immune evasion. We have previously reported that LILRB4 facilitates myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)-mediated tumor metastasis in mice. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the LILRB4 expression levels on tumor-infiltrating cells on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

All reported non-canonical splice site variants in GLA cause aberrant splicing.

Background: Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by insufficient α-galactosidase A (GLA) activity resulting from variants in the GLA gene, which leads to glycosphingolipid accumulation and life-threatening, multi-organ complications. Approximately 50 variants have been reported that cause splicing abnormalities in GLA. Most were found within canonical splice sites, which are highly conserved GT and AG splice acceptor and donor dinucleotides, whereas one-third were located outside canonical splice sites, making it difficult to interpret their pathogenicity.

Treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in subacute phase; retrospective comparison of treatment in sub- and hyper-acute phases.

Objective: As soon as possible treatment initiation for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is recommended. However, some patients require treatment in "subacute" phase of aSAH, defined in this study as "more than one day after the onset". To establish an optimal treatment strategy for these patients, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical experience of treating ruptured aneurysm with either clipping or coiling in subacute phase.

Five-Year Stroke Risk and Its Predictors in Asymptomatic Moyamoya Disease: Asymptomatic Moyamoya Registry (AMORE).

Background: Long-term outcomes are unknown in patients with asymptomatic moyamoya disease. In this report, we aimed to clarify their 5-year risk of stroke and its predictors.

Methods: We are conducting a multicenter, prospective cohort study (Asymptomatic Moyamoya Registry) in Japan.

Combination Psychotropic Use for Schizophrenia With Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics and Oral Antipsychotics: A Nationwide Real-World Study in Japan.

Background: Although several guidelines recommend monotherapy with antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia, patients who receive long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are frequently treated with oral antipsychotics (OAPs). In the present study, we investigated the detailed use of psychotropic medications among patients throughout Japan with schizophrenia who received LAIs or OAPs.

Methods: The present study used data from the project for the Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in psychiatric treatment from 94 facilities in Japan.

Simulation test for impartment of use-dependent plasticity by inactivation of axonal potassium channels on hippocampal mossy fibers.

Modification of axonal excitability directly impacts information transfer through the neuronal networks in the brain. However, the functional significance of modulation of axonal excitability by the preceding neuronal activity largely remains elusive. One remarkable exception is the activity-dependent broadening of action potential (AP) propagating along the hippocampal mossy fibers.

Mental workload during endoscopic sinus surgery is associated with surgeons' skill levels.

Introduction: Surgeons' mental workload during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has not been fully evaluated. The assessment was challenging due to the great diversity of each patient's anatomy and the consequence variety of surgical difficulties. In this study, we examined the mental workload of surgeons with various surgical skill levels during ESS under the standardized condition provided by novel-designed 3D sinus models.