Microbial safety of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) reared on food waste streams.

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can valorise different organic matter and yield a product of high nutritional value. The lack of knowledge about the microbial safety of BSFL grown on different organic waste streams influences the commercialisation of BSFL as stockfeed ingredient. This study evaluates the microbial safety of BSFL grown on five different commercial food waste streams collected from two commercial production facilities.

A comparative analysis of image harmonization techniques in mitigating differences in CT acquisition and reconstruction.

Objective: The study aims to systematically characterize the effect of CT parameter variations on images and lung radiomic and deep features, and to evaluate the ability of different image harmonization methods to mitigate the observed variations.

Approach: A retrospective in-house sinogram dataset of 100 low-dose chest CT scans was reconstructed by varying radiation dose (100%, 25%, 10%) and reconstruction kernels (smooth, medium, sharp). A set of image processing, convolutional neural network (CNNs), and generative adversarial network-based (GANs) methods were trained to harmonize all image conditions to a reference condition (100% dose, medium kernel).

Cognitive and behavioral effects of perampanel 4 mg daily dose.

Objective: The neuropsychological adverse effects of antiseizure medications (ASMs) influence the tolerability, and in turn effectiveness of these medications, which can occur in a dose-dependent fashion. In this study, we examine the neuropsychological effects of perampanel (PER) at 4 mg daily as this dose has not been previously assessed with objective cognitive tests.

Methods: The study was originally designed to assess (1) effects of perampanel at 4 mg using different titration rates, and (2) habituation over time.

Dysuria: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis in Adults.

Dysuria, a feeling of pain or discomfort during urination, is often caused by urinary tract infection but can also be due to sexually transmitted infection, bladder irritants, skin lesions, and some chronic pain conditions. History is most often useful for finding signs of sexually transmitted infection, complicated infections, lower urinary symptoms in males, and noninfectious causes. Most patients presenting with dysuria should have a urinalysis performed.

Ferrites with a Minimized Secondary Electron Yield.

Ferrites are an essential material in modern industry due to their exceptional magnetic properties and high resistivity. Many applications of ferrites necessitate exposure to high energy electrons, particularly space science and particle accelerators, where charging, multipacting, and electron clouds (ECs) are major issues. ECs are of particular concern around the Ni/Zn soft ferrite kicker magnets as the large hadron collider (LHC) undergoes its high luminosity upgrade.

The Child in the Adult: Narrative and in Henry James and Freud.

At the intersection of literature and psychoanalysis, this essay draws on Freud's discovery of the infantile sexual unconscious to explore moments in the late novels of Henry James, in which an adult protagonist both recognizes and disavows the visible evidence of a sexual relationship. The essay considers Hans Holbein's 1533 painting, The Ambassadors, as a possible source for Henry James' choice of title for his 1903 novel: the painting's visual play with point of view touches on the narrative disavowal of what is there to be seen. The essay explores some narrative dimensions of Freud's writing to highlight the dynamic disclosure of the infantile within the adult.

Revision of the millipede family Dalodesmidae in Madagascar, with descriptions of two new Malagasy species of Cook, 1896 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida).

The family Dalodesmidae Cook, 1896 in the fauna of Madagascar is reviewed and shown to presently encompass eight species in three genera: Cook, 1896 (six species), Brölemann, 1916 (one species), and de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897 (one species). These genera are diagnosed, and their respective species keyed, all being endemic to Madagascar proper and/or the immediately adjacent islets of Nosy Be and/or Nosy Sakatia. currently contains six species, including two new, all supplied either with brief descriptive notes and available iconography or extensive descriptions and new illustrations, as follows: (Brandt, 1841), from an unspecified locality in Madagascar, now redescribed from a male specimen from Makira, northeastern Madagascar; (Attems, 1898), from Nosy Be Isle; Hoffman, 1974, from Ambohimitombo, central Madagascar; Cook, 1896 (= (de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897), ), originally described from an unspecified locality in central Madagascar, with a male type and additional males identified as recorded from the Andasibe National Park (= Périnet) in east-central Madagascar.

Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism with Edoxaban over 18 Months: Results from ETNA-VTE Europe.

Background:  The benefits and risks of extending anticoagulant treatment beyond the first 3 to 6 months in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) in clinical practice are not well understood.

Methods:  ETNA-VTE Europe is a prospective, noninterventional, post-authorization study in unselected patients with VTE treated with edoxaban in eight European countries for up to 18 months. Recurrent VTE, major bleeding, and all-cause death were the primary study outcomes.

Gender and sex differences in colorectal cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment.

Males have a higher incidence and mortality rate from colorectal cancer (CRC) compared with females. This review examines the reasons for these differences, including risk factors, screening participation, interpretation of screening tests, presentation and tumour types, pathophysiology (particularly the impact of sex hormones on tumour-related gene expression, microsatellite instability, micro-RNA expression, and the tumour microenvironment), and the efficacy and toxicity of treatment. Sex differences in hormones and body composition are responsible for some of the sexual dimorphism in CRC incidence and outcomes, particularly the pathophysiology, CRC presentation, the pharmacokinetics of cytotoxic therapies, and the impact of treatment on outcomes.

Gut decontamination in the poisoned patient.

Poisoning management includes gastrointestinal decontamination strategies to decrease the burden of poison entering the body and change the expected severe toxicity expected to a less toxic, more favourable outcome. Common modalities are orogastric lavage, oral-activated charcoal and whole-bowel irrigation. Endoscopic retrieval and laparotomy are rare options reserved for severe ingestions and body packers.

Longitudinal host transcriptional responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults with extremely high viral load.

Current understanding of viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and host responses driving the pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19 is rapidly evolving. Here, we conducted a longitudinal study to investigate gene expression patterns during acute SARS-CoV-2 illness. Cases included SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with extremely high viral loads early in their illness, individuals having low SARS-CoV-2 viral loads early in their infection, and individuals testing negative for SARS-CoV-2.

Xanomeline-trospium (Cobenfy) for Schizophrenia: A Review of the Literature.

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental illness associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Antipsychotics primarily rely on direct dopamine blockade, leading to potential life-interfering adverse events. The purpose of this review is to describe the safety and efficacy of xanomeline-trospium (Cobenfy), a Food and Drug Administration approved treatment for schizophrenia in adults.

Enhancing single-cell transcriptomics using interposed anchor oligonucleotide sequences.

Single-cell transcriptomics, which utilises barcodes and unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) for polyA+ mRNA capture, is compromised by oligonucleotide synthesis errors. To address this, we modified the oligonucleotide capture design and integrated an interposed anchor between the barcode and the UMI. This design significantly reduces the need to discard reads due to synthesis inaccuracies.

Early and delayed STAT1-dependent responses drive local trained immunity of macrophages in the spleen.

Trained immunity (TI) is the process wherein innate immune cells gain functional memory upon exposure to specific ligands or pathogens, leading to augmented inflammatory responses and pathogen clearance upon secondary exposure. While the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and reprogramming of bone marrow (BM) progenitors are well-established mechanisms underpinning durable TI protection, remodeling of the cellular architecture within the tissue during TI remains underexplored. Here, we study the effects of peritoneal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) administration to find TI-mediated protection in the spleen against a subsequent heterologous infection by the Gram-negative pathogen Typhimurium (.

Unraveling calcium dysregulation and autoimmunity in immune mediated rippling muscle disease.

Rippling Muscle Disease (RMD) is a rare skeletal myopathy characterized by abnormal muscular excitability manifesting with wave-like muscle contractions and percussion-induced muscle mounding. Hereditary RMD is associated with caveolin-3 or cavin-1 mutations. Recently, we identified cavin 4 autoantibodies as a biomarker of immune-mediated RMD (iRMD), though the underlying disease-mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Insulin Delivery Pumps for Human Spaceflight: Steps Toward an Accessible Space Future.

Commercially available insulin pumps for treatment of diabetes mellitus are currently not qualified to operate in the space environment. This work rigorously tested the fluid delivery performance of a Tandem t:slim X2 insulin pump in both micro- and hypergravity during a parabolic microgravity research flight. The parabolic research flight environment serves as an analogue to the types of transient gravitational loadings experienced during human-led missions, which provides a foundation to expand testing to suborbital and orbital flights in addition to other extreme environmental tests for wilderness dependency.

Maternal socialization and infant helping in Uganda and the United Kingdom.

Prosocial behavior, including instrumental helping, emerges early in development, but the role parental attitudes and practices take in shaping the emergence of early helping across different cultural contexts is not well understood. We took a longitudinal approach to investigate maternal socialization of early helping across two different cultural groups. Participants were mother-infant dyads from urban/suburban York, United Kingdom (43 infants: 21 females, 22 males) and the rural Masindi District, Uganda (39 infants: 22 females, 17 males).

Surgical and Pathological Results Following Neoadjuvant Nivolumab and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Resectable NSCLC: A Multicentre Real-World Series From England.

Background: To evaluate the real-world surgical and pathological outcomes following neoadjuvant nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy in a multicentre national cohort of patients.

Methods: Retrospective analysis on consecutive patients treated in three tertiary referral hospitals in UK with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy (nivolumab) for stage II-IIIB nonsmall cell lung cancer (March 2023-May 2024). Surgical and pathological outcomes were assessed.

CDK2 activity crosstalk on the ERK kinase translocation reporter can be resolved computationally.

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway integrates growth factor signaling through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) to control cell proliferation. To study ERK dynamics, many researchers use an ERK activity kinase translocation reporter (KTR). Our study reveals that this ERK KTR also partially senses cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activity, making it appear as if ERK activity rises as cells progress through the cell cycle.

Valvular Heart Disease-Related Mortality Between Middle- and High-Income Countries During 2000 to 2019.

Background: Valvular heart disease (VHD) management has evolved rapidly in recent decades, but disparities in health care access persist among countries with varying socioeconomic backgrounds.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate global mortality trends from VHD and assess the difference between middle- and high-income countries.

Methods: We obtained mortality data from the World Health Organization Mortality Database for VHD and its subgroups (rheumatic valvular disease [RVD], infective endocarditis [IE], aortic stenosis [AS], and mitral regurgitation [MR]) from 2000 to 2019.

Divergent Transport Dynamics of Alkylated versus Unsubstituted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at the Air-Water and Sediment-Water Interfaces at a Legacy Creosote Site.

Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are abundant constituents of many PAH mixtures and contribute to risk at contaminated sites. Despite their abundance, the movement of alkylated PAHs remains understudied relative to unsubstituted PAHs. In the present study, passive sampling devices were deployed in the air, water, and sediments at 11 locations across multiple seasons to capture spatial and temporal variability in the abundance and movement of alkylated PAHs at a Brownsfield creosote site in Oregon, USA.

Joint speech and text machine translation for up to 100 languages.

Creating the Babel Fish, a tool that helps individuals translate speech between any two languages, requires advanced technological innovation and linguistic expertise. Although conventional speech-to-speech translation systems composed of multiple subsystems performing translation in a cascaded fashion exist, scalable and high-performing unified systems remain underexplored. To address this gap, here we introduce SEAMLESSM4T-Massively Multilingual and Multimodal Machine Translation-a single model that supports speech-to-speech translation (101 to 36 languages), speech-to-text translation (from 101 to 96 languages), text-to-speech translation (from 96 to 36 languages), text-to-text translation (96 languages) and automatic speech recognition (96 languages).

Racial and Educational Isolation are Associated with Worse Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease.

Sociodemographic factors influence outcomes in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). We predict an association between measures of social isolation and outcomes in infants with complex CHD. These measures, racial (RI) and educational (EI) isolation range from 0 to 1, with 0 being no isolation and 1 being fully isolated within a specific population.

MOG antibody-associated disease epidemiology in Olmsted County, USA, and Martinique.

Objectives: To report myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) epidemiology in two American regions using 2023 diagnostic criteria.

Patients And Methods: We compared age- and sex-adjusted incidence and prevalence of MOGAD per 2023 diagnostic criteria in Olmsted County (Minnesota [USA]) and Martinique (Caribbean [FR]) (01/01/2003-12/31/2018, prevalence day) using Poisson regression. Archived sera in 68-85% were available for MOG-IgG testing by live cell-based assay at Mayo Clinic.