Association Between Unemployment and Mental Disorders: A Narrative Update of the Literature.

The relationship between unemployment and mental disorders has been a significant subject of study since at least the Industrial Revolution. However, most data show associations of unemployment and isolated mental disorders, and this study field has been neglected in the last years. Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide an updated overview of the association between unemployment and mental health in general as well as the most prevalent mental disorders.

Prevalence of spp. in Seafood from German Supermarkets and Fish Markets.

This study investigates the prevalence of spp. in seafood from supermarkets and fish markets in Berlin, Germany. A total of 306 seafood samples, including shrimp and mussels, were bought from supermarkets between March 2023 and January 2024.

Impact of Automation Level of Dairy Farms in Northern and Central Germany on Dairy Cattle Welfare.

An increasing number of automation technologies for dairy cattle farming, including automatic milking, feeding, manure removal and bedding, are now commercially available. The effects of these technologies on individual aspects of animal welfare have already been explored to some extent. However, as of now, there are no studies that analyze the impact of increasing farm automation through various combinations of these technologies.

The need to (climate) adapt: perceptions of German sports event planners on the imperative to address climate change.

Introduction: While the impact of anthropogenic climate change on sports and the subsequent need for adaptation to evolving climatic conditions are acknowledged, there remains a notable paucity of scientific inquiry within the realm of sports and sports event studies specifically addressing climate change and its ramifications for event planning and management. Existing studies predominantly stem from health, medical, weather and climate science and mostly focus on mega-events and elite athlete contexts. Moreover, they often only focus on one specific impact (e.

Improving small-scale cultivation of Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells by silanizing glassware.

Cultivating insect cells in glass vessels can be challenging. Due to uncontrolled cell adhesion and associated cell loss as well as clumping, the replication of experiments is put at risk. A cost-effective solution to improve and stabilize cultivation may be to silanize glass vessels, making them more hydrophobic and chemically inert.

Laser-wound stimulated adventitious root formation of cuttings involves a complex response at plant hormonal and metabolic level.

Introduction: The presence of wounds in addition to the excision-induced wounds after severance from the stock plants is known to positively influence adventitious root formation of woody plant cuttings. Previous morphological studies highlighted laser wounding as a technique allowing to precisely control the decisive ablation depth. However, the biochemical processes involved in the response of rooting to the additional wounding remained unexplored.

Encapsulation, Shelf Life, and Virulence of sp. Against .

is a genus of entomophthoralean fungi often associated with insect epizootics, particularly in phytophagous hemipterans. Encapsulation has become a promising strategy for improving the shelf life and sporulation of these fungi post-application. This study aims to (i) compare the virulence of the submerged propagules and primary conidia of sp.

Psychometric evaluation and community norms of the PHQ-9, based on a representative German sample.

Background: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a popular tool for assessing depressive symptoms in both general and clinical populations. The present study used a large representative sample of the German adult population to confirm desired psychometric functioning and to provide updated population norms.

Methods: The following psychometric properties were assessed: (i) Item characteristics (item means, standard deviations and inter-item correlations), (ii) Construct validity (correlations of the PHQ-9 sum-score with scores obtained from instruments assessing depression, anxiety and somatization (GAD-7, BSI-18), (iii) Internal consistency (coefficient omega), (iv) Factorial validity (via confirmatory factor analysis of the assumed one factorial model) as well as (v) Measurement invariance (via multi-group confirmatory factor analyses across gender, age, income and education).

Developing an HIV-specific falls risk prediction model with a novel clinical index: a systematic review and meta-analysis method.

Background: Falls are a common problem experienced by people living with HIV yet predictive models specific to this population remain underdeveloped. We aimed to identify, assess and stratify the predictive strength of various physiological, behavioral, and HIV-specific factors associated with falls among people living with HIV and inform a predictive model for fall prevention.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to explore predictors of falls in people living with HIV.

Improvement by imagining actions: Bimanual transfer effects after action imagery practice in a sequential reaction time task.

Action-imagery-practice refers to the repetitive use of action imagery to improve subsequent performance leading to partially different representation types than action-execution-practice (AEP). This study explored the representation types in kinesthetic action-imagery-practice (K-AIP) and visual action-imagery-practice (V-AIP) in a serial reaction time task using the crossed hand transfer paradigm. 169 participants (age M ± SD = 25.

Nanomaterials and Textiles.

The terms "nano" and "nanomaterials" have come to be buzz words describing tremendous advances in research and development during the last decades [...

The ultrastructure of the starfish skeleton is correlated with mechanical stress.

Echinoderms and vertebrates both possess mesodermal endoskeletons. In vertebrates, the response to mechanical loads and the capacity to remodel the ultrastructure of the skeletal system are fundamental attributes of their endoskeleton. To determine whether these characteristics are also inherent in Echinoderms, we conducted a comprehensive biomechanical and morphological study on the endoskeleton of Asterias rubens, a representative model organism for Echinoderm skeletons.

Monitoring of the Biotechnological Production of Dihydroxyacetone Using a Low-Field H NMR Spectrometer.

The concept of sustainable production necessitates the utilization of waste and by-products as raw materials, the implementation of biotechnological processes, and the introduction of automated real-time monitoring for efficient use of resources. One example is the biocatalyzed conversion of the reusable by-product glycerin by acetic acid bacteria to dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which is of great importance to the cosmetic industry. The application of compact spectrometers enables the rapid measurement of samples while simultaneously reducing the consumption of resources and energy.

Phthalimide derivatives as a new class of papain-like protease inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) papain-like cysteine protease (PLpro) represents one of only two essential cysteine proteases involved in the regulation of viral replication. It, therefore, qualifies as a promising therapeutic target for the development of antiviral agents. We identified a previously synthesized protease inhibitor, resulting from an earlier project, as a PLpro inhibitor and crafted a structure-activity relationship around the hit, leading to the more potent inhibitors ZHAWOC6941 (17h) and ZHAWOC25153 (17o) displaying IC values of 8 and 7 µM, respectively.

[Digital public health in Germany: status quo, challenges, and future perspectives : A position paper of the Digital Public Health Section of the German Public Health Association].

This position paper from the Digital Public Health Section of the German Public Health Association defines digital public health (DiPH) and describes its goals and potential. It also addresses the current situation and challenges as well as the need for action in Germany. The focus here is on the presentation of the nationwide promotion of (digital) health literacy; the application of DiPH in prevention, health promotion, and healthcare; the use of innovative preventive strategies for the prevention of non-communicable diseases; and the teaching of DiPH in academic public health programs.

Wafer-scale nanofabrication of sub-5 nm gaps in plasmonic metasurfaces.

In the rapidly evolving field of plasmonic metasurfaces, achieving homogeneous, reliable, and reproducible fabrication of sub-5 nm dielectric nanogaps is a significant challenge. This article presents an advanced fabrication technology that addresses this issue, capable of realizing uniform and reliable vertical nanogap metasurfaces on a whole wafer of 100 mm diameter. By leveraging fast patterning techniques, such as variable-shaped and character projection electron beam lithography (EBL), along with atomic layer deposition (ALD) for defining a few nanometer gaps with sub-nanometer precision, we have developed a flexible nanofabrication technology to achieve gaps as narrow as 2 nm in plasmonic nanoantennas.

Hard shell, soft blue-green core: Ecology, processes, and modern applications of calcification in terrestrial cyanobacteria.

Cyanobacteria are the oldest photoautotrophic lineage that release oxygen during photosynthesis, an ability that possibly evolved as far as 3.5 billion years ago and changed the Earth's environment-both in water and on land. Linked to the mechanism of carbon accumulation by cyanobacteria during photosynthesis are their calcifying properties, a process of biologically mediated mineralization of CO by precipitation with calcium to CaCO.

Second-order nonlinear mixing processes involving a leaky guided acoustic wave.

Quasi-phasematched mixing processes of acoustic waves via second-order nonlinearity are analyzed with two perfectly guided waves generating a leaky wave. The efficiency of such processes is quantified by an acoustic nonlinearity parameter (ANP), defined as the linear growth rate of the leaky wave's amplitude in the initial stage of its spatial evolution. Two approximate ways of estimating the ANP of such processes are suggested.

Are some people more susceptible to placebos? A systematic review and meta-analysis of inter-individual variability in musculoskeletal pain.

Existing data suggest placebo responses to treatments are small, but some people may be more likely to respond. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on interindividual variability in response to placebo interventions MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, CENTRAL, and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to September 2023. Trial registry searches, citation tracking, and searches for prior systematic reviews were completed.

The association of different types of stress, and stress accumulation with low back pain in call-center workers - a cross-sectional observational study.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common health complaint and a prominent factor in the development of LBP among the working population is stress. Mostly, stress is addressed as a general problem, which is why LBP prevention programs are often imprecise. Accordingly, a closer look at the association between specific stress types and the development of LBP is necessary.

Efficacy of medical compression stockings class I on the reduction of symptoms in patients with uncomplicated varicose veins.

Aim of this study was to analyze the effect of medical compression stockings (MCS) class I (according to the German classification "RAL-GZ 387"; 18-21 mmHg) on symptoms in patients with uncomplicated varicose veins (C2s-C4a). We conducted a randomized (1:1), controlled, clinical trial enrolling patients with uncomplicated varicose veins (CEAP: C2s-C4a). The study consisted of a one-week baseline period and a four-week follow-up period with MCS treatment (compression class I, 18-21 mmHg) in the intervention group and non-treatment in the control group.

Nuclear pleomorphism in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors: Comparison of reproducibility and prognostic relevance between estimates, manual morphometry, and algorithmic morphometry.

Variation in nuclear size and shape is an important criterion of malignancy for many tumor types; however, categorical estimates by pathologists have poor reproducibility. Measurements of nuclear characteristics can improve reproducibility, but current manual methods are time-consuming. The aim of this study was to explore the limitations of estimates and develop alternative morphometric solutions for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs).

Person Profile Dementia Intervention in Long-Term Care: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomized Trial.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the efficacy of a person-centered care intervention in improving quality of life (QoL) for people with dementia in long-term care facilities.

Design: This study was a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized clinical trial of monthly person-centered outcome measurements, followed by collaborative nurse-led person profile interventions involving nursing staff and family members, compared with monthly person-centered outcome measurements alone.

Setting And Participants: We included people with a medical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia or with clinical symptoms of dementia from 23 long-term care facilities in the German-speaking part of Switzerland.