94 results match your criteria: "Hiroshima Shudo University[Affiliation]"

Background: There are currently few appropriate instruments for assessing nutrition care competencies in clinical practice. This study aimed to develop a perceived nutrition care competencies (PNCC) scale for dietetic students and test its validity. Factors that influence PNCC scores were examined through a cross-sectional study.

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Breakfast skipping suppresses the vascular endothelial function of the brachial artery after lunch.

J Appl Physiol (1985)

November 2024

Department of Exercise Science and Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.

Breakfast skipping has been suggested to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, whether breakfast skipping affects vascular endothelial function (VEF), a marker of cardiovascular diseases, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of breakfast consumption (Eating trial) and skipping (Skipping trial) on brachial artery (BA) VEF in healthy breakfast eaters.

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Skin carotenoid scores and metabolic syndrome in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama study.

Int J Obes (Lond)

October 2024

Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Background: Higher vegetable intake is being promoted as an initiative to prevent lifestyle-related diseases. Carotenoids are yellow or red pigment components and are widely present in vegetables. Since ingested carotenoids accumulate in the skin, skin carotenoid levels are a quantitative indicator of vegetable intake.

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Association between masticatory function, frailty, and functional disability: an observational study.

BMC Geriatr

June 2024

Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka City, 812-8582, Japan.

Background: Increase in functional disability in aging societies is an international medical and public health issue. Masticatory function may be a potential risk factor for functional disability, but the role of frailty in the association has not been clarified.

Methods: Forty thousand five hundred sixty-two community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and over who were insured by public health insurance as of April 2018 were followed up for a median of 3.

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Fundamentals of wildlife dosimetry and lessons learned from a decade of measuring external dose rates in the field.

J Environ Radioact

September 2024

Republican Center for Hydrometeorology, Control of Radioactive Contamination and Environmental Monitoring (Belhydromet), Minsk, Belarus. Electronic address:

Methods for determining the radiation dose received by exposed biota require major improvements to reduce uncertainties and increase precision. We share our experiences in attempting to quantify external dose rates to free-ranging wildlife using GPS-coupled dosimetry methods. The manuscript is a primer on fundamental concepts in wildlife dosimetry in which the complexities of quantifying dose rates are highlighted, and lessons learned are presented based on research with wild boar and snakes at Fukushima, wolves at Chornobyl, and reindeer in Norway.

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Background: The Fukuoka-City Information Platform for Community-based Integrated Care is an advanced big data platform that aggregates information on the health and medical services of Fukuoka citizens. Fukuoka City is engaged in a joint project with Kyushu University to promote policy making through a large-scale real-world data analysis. This paper describes the framework for this cooperative effort and the features of the analytical platform.

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The impact of sampling scale: A comparison of methods for estimating external contaminant exposure in free-ranging wildlife.

Sci Total Environ

April 2024

Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29808, USA. Electronic address:

The impacts of contaminants on wildlife are dose dependent, and thus being able to track or predict exposure following contamination events is important for monitoring ecosystem health. However, the ability to track exposure in free-ranging wildlife is often severely limited. Consequently, researchers have predominantly relied on simple methods for estimating contaminant exposures in wildlife with little regard for spatial contaminant heterogeneity or an animal's use of diverse habitats.

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Article Synopsis
  • A new deep-sea octocoral species, Pseudochrysogorgia bellona, was identified from the Chesterfield Plateau and shows close morphological and genetic similarities to Metallogorgia melanotrichos.
  • While M. melanotrichos is known to host a brittle star species, no brittle stars were found with the type specimens of P. bellona; however, most colonies collected in 2017 were associated with a related brittle star species, Asteroschema ajax.
  • Statistical analyses indicated a significant correlation between the sizes of the brittle stars and corals, suggesting that larger brittle stars tend to associate with larger corals, highlighting insights into growth patterns of deep-sea invertebrates.
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Marginal vitamin B6 (B6) deficiency is a widespread global concern. Inadequate B6 levels have been linked to an increased risk of age-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. In recent years, the growing concern over sarcopenia (the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength) and frailty (a decline in physiological resilience and increased vulnerability associated with aging) is particularly relevant due to the emergence of super-aged societies in developed countries.

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Benthic annelids belonging to the family Syllidae (Annelida, Errantia, Phyllodocida) exhibit a unique reproduction mode called "schizogamy" or "stolonization", in which the posterior body part filled with gametes detaches from the original body, as a reproductive unit (stolon) that autonomously swims and spawns. In this study, morphological and histological observations on the developmental processes during stolonization were carried out in Megasyllis nipponica. Results suggest that the stolon formation started with maturation of gonads, followed by the formation of a head ganglion in the anteriormost segment of the developing stolon.

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Neural representation of a one-week delay in remembering information after production and self-generated elaboration encoding strategy.

Acta Psychol (Amst)

October 2023

Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Seiryocho, Aobaku, 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Many studies highlight that using production, generation, and elaboration can significantly boost memory retention, especially when multiple strategies are applied together.
  • This study focused on whether pairing production with self-generated elaboration further enhances memory compared to using them individually, involving 23 college students.
  • Results showed that the best memory performance came from combining production and self-generated elaboration (condition "Add Aloud"), with brain imaging revealing specific areas activated during this combined encoding strategy.
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Discrimination, which arose during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, is a global public health issue. This study aimed to provide fundamental knowledge in proposing control measures to mitigate discrimination. We focused on two psychological variables: belief in just deserts (BJD, , the belief that the infected individual deserves to be infected), a psychological factor that potentially promotes discrimination and prejudice, and human rights restrictions (HRR; , the degree of individuals' agreement with government restrictions on citizens' behavior during emergencies).

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Article Synopsis
  • - A new fish leech species has been identified from short-tail stingrays in Japan, characterized by unique features like pulsating vesicles and distinct body markings.
  • - The new species can be identified by specific traits, including pulsating vesicles at the branchiae, irregular dorsal spots, and a blackish body color.
  • - A genetic analysis indicates that this leech is closely related to the genus Savigny and marks the first observation of this genus in Japanese waters.
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Background And Aims: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is useful in evaluating disease surveillance for primary small-bowel follicular lymphoma (FL), but some cases are difficult to evaluate objectively. This study evaluated the usefulness of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) system using CE images for disease surveillance of primary small-bowel FL.

Methods: We enrolled 26 consecutive patients with primary small-bowel FL diagnosed between January 2011 and January 2021 who underwent CE before and after a watch-and-wait strategy or chemotherapy.

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Previous studies have revealed that reading fiction is associated with dispositional empathy and theory-of-mind abilities. Earlier studies established a correlation between fiction reading habits and the two measures of social cognition: trait fantasy (i.e.

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Uncertainty drives exploration of negative information across younger and older adults.

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

June 2023

Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Although individuals generally avoid negative information, recent research documents that they voluntarily explore negative information to resolve uncertainty. However, it remains unclear (a) whether uncertainty facilitates exploration similarly when exploration is expected to lead to negative, neutral, or positive information, and (b) whether older adults seek negative information to reduce uncertainty like younger adults do. This study addresses the two issues across four experimental studies (N = 407).

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Previous research has shown that simulated child sexual abuse (CSA) interview training using avatars paired with feedback and modeling improves interview quality. However, to make this approach scalable, the classification of interviewer questions needs to be automated. We tested an automated question classification system for these avatar interviews while also providing automated interventions (feedback and modeling) to improve interview quality.

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Prejudice related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a social issue worldwide. A possible psychological factor that promotes prejudice is the belief in just deserts (BJD) regarding individuals infected with COVID-19 (, the belief that the infected individual deserves to be infected). The BJD is based on the belief in immanent justice.

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An income equalisation policy and social welfare: beyond inequality.

SN Bus Econ

December 2022

Master of Economics, Hiroshima Shudo University, Hiroshima Shudo Daigaku, Hiroshima, Japan.

The inequality of income distribution is one of the most serious problems to our society. Traditional economics proposes the tax increase on wealthy classes and transfers its revenue to low income group. This is the most appropriate one.

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Life on Minerals: Binding Behaviors of Oligonucleotides on Zirconium Silicate and Its Inhibitory Activity for the Self-Cleavage of Hammerhead Ribozyme.

Life (Basel)

October 2022

Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP. 50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.

Article Synopsis
  • Minerals played a significant role in the chemical evolution of RNA on the early Hadean Earth by interacting with functional ribozymes under primitive conditions.
  • Researchers are developing a primitive RNA metabolic network that utilizes minerals to assess how simple RNA mixtures may evolve into life-like systems.
  • The study found that specific minerals like zirconium silicate affect ribozyme function, highlighting the importance of conformational binding for effective chemical evolution of RNA molecules.
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Plant-plant interaction by Aster leiophyllus affects herbivory by Sika deer, Cervus nippon.

Naturwissenschaften

November 2022

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-Cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan.

Changes in leaf traits in response to plant-plant interactions affect feeding by insect herbivores. However, the effects of such changes on feeding by vertebrate herbivores remain unclear. We examined the effects of interactions of Aster leiophyllus collected in the field (growing with plants of the same species [aggregated] or with plants of different species [solitary]) or grown in pots (with another A.

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Generally, the foods we usually eat are not only aqueous solutions, but also viscous solutions and solids. Therefore, it is interesting for us to explore how taste components are perceived in a viscous polymer solution. The relationship between the sensory evaluation of saltiness intensity, amount of added oil, and apparent viscosity was clarified in low-viscosity and high-viscosity polymer solutions.

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A High-Pressure, High-Temperature Flow Reactor Simulating the Hadean Earth Environment, with Application to the Pressure Dependence of the Cleavage of Avocado Viroid Hammerhead Ribozyme.

Life (Basel)

August 2022

Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP. 50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.

The RNA world hypothesis suggests that chemical networks consisting of functional RNA molecules could have constructed a primitive life-like system leading a first living system. The chemical evolution scenario of RNA molecules should be consistent with the Hadean Earth environment. We have demonstrated the importance of the environment at both high temperature and high pressure, using different types of hydrothermal flow reactor systems and high-pressure equipment.

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