Diffractometer for element-specific analysis on local structures using a combination of X-ray fluorescence holography and anomalous X-ray scattering.

To tackle disorder in crystals and short- and intermediate-range order in amorphous materials, such as glass, we developed a carry-in diffractometer to utilise X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) and anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS), facilitating element-specific analyses with atomic resolution using the wavelength tunability of a synchrotron X-ray source. Our diffractometer unifies XFH and AXS configurations to determine the crystal orientation via diffractometry. In particular, XFH was realised even for a crystal with blurred emission lines by a standing wave in a hologram, and high-throughput AXS with sufficient count statistics and energy resolution was achieved using three multi-array detectors with crystal analysers.

Non-contact sensor module for rapid detection of extravasation during intravenous drug administration.

Intravenous drug administration delivers medication directly into the bloodstream, providing rapid and controlled effects, making it highly beneficial for emergencies or when immediate drug action is required. However, several risks are associated with intravenous drug administration, including infiltration and extravasation, which can lead to serious complications due to the rapid absorption of medication to the surrounding tissues. To prevent complications, here we proposed a non-contact sensor module to rapidly detect such events.

Structure of BiRhSe above and below charge density wave transition determined by Bi Lα and Lγ X-ray fluorescence holography.

The local structure of a two-dimensional layered material, BiRhSe, in which superconducting (SC) and charge-density wave (CDW) states coexist, was investigated using Bi Lα and Lγ X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH). The crystal of BiRhSe adopts a monoclinic lattice with a space group of 2/ (No. 12) at room temperature; however, the structure below the CDW transition (∼240 K) is still unclear because of the difficulty in analyzing single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Whole-Head Noninvasive Brain Signal Measurement System with High Temporal and Spatial Resolution Using Static Magnetic Field Bias to the Brain.

Noninvasive brain signal measurement techniques are crucial for understanding human brain function and brain-machine interface applications. Conventionally, noninvasive brain signal measurement techniques, such as electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and near-infrared spectroscopy, have been developed. However, currently, there is no practical noninvasive technique to measure brain function with high temporal and spatial resolution using one instrument.

The effect of electrical muscle stimulation on intentional binding and explicit sense of agency.

The motivating question for this study is determining whether electrical muscle stimulation (EMS)-induced movements can extend the user's ability without reducing the sense of agency. Moreover, it is crucial to find the timing of the EMS application that is robust against individual differences and environmental changes. Previous studies have reported that the user-specific EMS-application timings, determined through explicit measures of sense of agency, would effectively shorten their reaction time in a push task while maintaining their sense of agency.

Laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy of the transition of jet cooled NO and NO II: the dispersed fluorescence spectrum from the 3rd E level of the ν mode (approximately the 2ν (e'), = 0, level).

NO and NO isotopomers were generated in a supersonic free jet expansion, and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) of the electronic transition was observed. Dispersed LIF spectra from the vibronic level at ∼770 cm above the vibrationless level have been measured for each isotopomer. One remarkable characteristic of the dispersed fluorescence (DF) spectrum is that the ν fundamental is clearly observed, even though the transition 201 is forbidden in the electronic transition.

Isotropy of Cosmic Rays beyond 10^{20} eV Favors Their Heavy Mass Composition.

We report an estimation of the injected mass composition of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) at energies higher than 10 EeV. The composition is inferred from an energy-dependent sky distribution of UHECR events observed by the Telescope Array surface detector by comparing it to the Large Scale Structure of the local Universe. In the case of negligible extragalactic magnetic fields (EGMFs), the results are consistent with a relatively heavy injected composition at E∼10  EeV that becomes lighter up to E∼100  EeV, while the composition at E>100  EeV is very heavy.

Highly regio- and stereoselective (3 + 2) annulation reaction of allenoates with 3-methyleneindolin-2-ones catalyzed by a planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane-based bifunctional phosphine-phenol catalyst.

A planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane-based phosphine-phenol catalyst catalyzed the (3 + 2) annulation reaction of ethyl 2,3-butadienoate with 3-methyleneindolin-2-ones to produce 2,5-disubstituted cyclopentene-fused C3-spirooxindoles in high yields with high regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. This catalyst was suitable for reactions of not only benzylideneindolinones but also alkylideneindolinones, the chiral phosphine-catalyzed reactions of which have not yet been reported.

Intermediate multidomain state in single-crystalline Mn-doped BiFeO thin films during ferroelectric polarization switching.

A intermediate multidomain state and large crystallographic tilting of 1.78° for the (hh0) planes of a (001)-oriented single-domain Mn-doped BiFeO (BFMO) thin film were found when an electric field was applied along the [110] direction. The anomalous crystallographic tilting was caused by ferroelastic domain switching of the 109° domain switching.

Pilot study of the relation between various dynamics of avatar experience and perceptual characteristics.

In recent years, due to the prevalence of virtual reality (VR) and human-computer interaction (HCI) research, along with the expectation that understanding the process of establishing sense of ownership, sense of agency, and limb heaviness (in this study, limb heaviness is replaced with comfort level) will contribute to the development of various medical rehabilitation, various studies have been actively conducted in these fields. Previous studies have indicated that each perceptual characteristics decrease in response to positive delay. However, it is still unclear how each perceptual characteristic changes in response to negative delay.

Superstructure of FeGeTe Determined by Te K-Edge Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and Te Kα X-ray Fluorescence Holography.

The local structure of the two-dimensional van der Waals material, FeGeTe, which exhibits unique structural/magnetic phase transitions, was investigated by Te K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and Te Kα X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) over a wide temperature range. The formation of a trimer of Te atoms at low temperatures has been fully explored using these methods. An increase in the Te-Fe distance at approximately 150 K was suggested by EXAFS and presumably indicates the formation of a Te trimer.

Computational Estimation of Residues Involving Resistance to the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitor Ensitrelvir Based on Virtual Alanine Scan of the Active Site.

Ensitrelvir is a noncovalent inhibitor of the main protease (Mpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Acquisition of drug resistance in virus-derived proteins is a serious therapeutic concern, and drug resistance occurs due to amino acid mutations. In this study, we computationally constructed 24 mutants, in which one residue around the active site was replaced with alanine and performed molecular dynamics simulations to the complex of Mpro and ensitrelvir to predict the residues involved in drug resistance.

Theoretical Studies on the Reaction Mechanism of Schiff Base Formation from Hexoses.

The Maillard reaction is one of the nonenzymatic post-translational modifications of proteins. Products of this reaction are considered to be related to aging diseases and the sensation of taste. In the initial stage of the Maillard reaction, Schiff base formation first occurs by the nucleophilic attack of amine nitrogen in proteins, and then, the reaction proceeds through the formation of 1,2-eminal and Amadori compounds.

Photoemission Orbital Tomography Using a Robust Sparse PhaseLift.

Photoemission orbital tomography (POT) from photoelectron momentum maps (PMMs) is a powerful technique that visualizes the shape of the molecular orbitals (MOs) of molecular films. For further utilization of POT, a simple and low-cost method of POT is highly required. Here, we propose a new POT method based on the PhaseLift algorithm (PhaseLift POT).

Evaluating the impact of a darts game intervention on cognitive function in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment: a pilot study.

Introduction: The current study investigated the relationship between the characteristics of a darts game, including the throwing motion toward a target, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). To this end, we examined the associations between cognitive function and mental health, and the shift in center of gravity while throwing darts. In a preliminary investigation, a 1-month dart game intervention was conducted among older individuals living in the community.

Observation of the Superstructure in FeGeTe by X-ray Fluorescence Holography.

FeGeTe is a two-dimensional van der Waals material that exhibits ferromagnetic order with a high Curie temperature () of around room temperature. In addition to , two magnetic transitions occur with decreasing temperature, and a charge-ordered state is observed at low temperatures. We employed Ge Kα X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) for FeGeTe to directly investigate the local structure in the charge-ordered state, i.

Computational Exploration of Minimum Energy Reaction Pathway of NO Formation from Intermediate of P450nor Using an Active Center Model.

P450nor is a heme-containing enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (NO). Its catalytic mechanism has attracted attention in chemistry, biology, and environmental engineering. The catalytic cycle of P450nor is proposed to consist of three major steps.

An IT-based self-checking system of spreadsheet exercises for learners with visual impairments.

Purpose: In vocational education and training of computer literacy as part of vocational rehabilitation, learners often work on problem-solving exercises as self-study assignments, and check if their answers are correct. Sighted learners can get information on their incorrect answers by comparing their answers with the correct answers. However, learners with visual impairments largely depend on their teachers for getting this feedback.

Functional Characterization of 29 Cytochrome P450 4F2 Variants Identified in a Population of 8380 Japanese Subjects and Assessment of Arachidonic Acid -Hydroxylation.

Cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2) is an enzyme that is involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), vitamin E and K, and xenobiotics including drugs. polymorphism (rs2108622; c.1297G>A; p.

Effective implementation of [Formula: see text]-regularised compressed sensing with chaotic-amplitude-controlled coherent Ising machines.

Coherent Ising machine (CIM) is a network of optical parametric oscillators that can solve large-scale combinatorial optimisation problems by finding the ground state of an Ising Hamiltonian. As a practical application of CIM, Aonishi et al., proposed a quantum-classical hybrid system to solve optimisation problems of [Formula: see text]-regularisation-based compressed sensing.

Identification of the Most Impactful Asparagine Residues for γS-Crystallin Aggregation by Deamidation.

Crystallin aggregation in the eye lens is involved in the pathogenesis of cataracts. The aggregation is considered to be promoted by non-enzymatic post-translational modifications, such as the deamidation and stereoinversion of amino acid residues. Although in a previous study, the deamidated asparagine residues were detected in γS-crystallin in vivo, it is unclear which deamidated residues have the most impact on the aggregation under physiological conditions.