An adolescent boy with kleptomania and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder treated with methylphenidate and guanfacine: A case report.

We present the case of a patient, a boy of 16 years of age at initial presentation, with kleptomania, an impulse disorder characterized by an impulse to steal unneeded items, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The patient's parents reported that he would frequently impulsively steal items and money that he did not need. Cognitive and physical assessments revealed no abnormalities, and the patient had no history of substance abuse.

Factors associated with the initiation of laxative use in the same patients with schizophrenia over a 20-year period: Retrospective cohort study.

Background: Constipation is a common adverse effect of antipsychotics, but little investigation has been conducted. We aimed to address the factors associated with the initiation of laxative use in the same patients with schizophrenia over a 20-year period.

Methods: We enrolled patients with schizophrenia attending each hospital (n = 14) from April 1, 2021, and retrospectively examined all prescriptions as of April 1, 2016, 2011, 2006, and 2001, every 5 years starting in 2021, for this population.

Prescribing Trends for the Same Patients with Schizophrenia Over 20 Years.

Background: Recent pharmacoepidemiology data show an increase in the proportion of patients receiving second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) monotherapy, but no studies have analyzed the same patients over a long period of time. Therefore, in this study, we retrospectively evaluated schizophrenia patients with available data for 20 years to determine whether the drug treatments in the same patients have changed in the past 20 years.

Methods: The study began in April 2021 and was conducted in 15 psychiatric hospitals in Japan.

A case of schizophrenia with congenital color vision deficiency: From the perspective of color universal design to promote medication adherence.

Color-blindness, or more accurately, color vision deficiency (CVD), which is the inability or decreased ability to distinguish different colors, is one of the commonest visual disorders. Patients with schizophrenia usually have multiple types of visual processing impairments, including color vision impairments. Here, we present a case of schizophrenia with congenital CVD.

Perospirone augmentation of escitalopram in the treatment of an adolescent sophophobia (fear of learning) patient.

In this case report, an adolescent boy with sophophobia (fear of learning) is reported. Although psychoeducation about the condition was helpful to the patient, there was only a limited effect on his symptoms. Psychotropic treatment with escitalopram was initiated.

Relationship Between Cognitive Functions and Decision-Making Capacity in Older Institutionalized Patients with Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Study.

Background: Decision-making capacity for patients with psychiatric disorders is an important and controversial issue in clinical care settings. The aim of this study was to (1) evaluate the level of decision-making capacity of older institutionalized patients suffering from schizophrenia and (2) determine whether their diminished capacity is associated with specific aspects of cognitive impairment.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited 48 older institutionalized patients (mean age ± standard deviation: 60.

Serial case report of high seizure threshold patients that responded to the lengthening of pulse width in ECT.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used as an effective treatment modality for psychiatric disorders. In patients with high seizure thresholds, augmentation strategies are considered such as changing anesthetic agents, hyperventilation, and premedication with theophylline. We tried to switch to "long (1.

Different Attitudes of Patients and Psychiatrists Toward Benzodiazepine Treatment.

Background: Concern regarding the benefit/risk ratio of the long-term use of benzodiazepines (BDZs) and Z-drugs is increasing. To prevent the risk of dependence in BDZ long-term use, it is essential to understand the attitudes of patients and psychiatrists toward BDZ treatment. The aims of this investigation were to 1) obtain information on patients' attitudes with long-term BDZ use and their referring psychiatrists' attitudes toward BDZ treatment, including their perception of the difficulty of reducing the dose of BDZs, and 2) identify discrepancies between patients' and psychiatrists' perceptions.

Association Between the Serum Carnitine Level and Ammonia and Valproic Acid Levels in Patients with Bipolar Disorder.

Purpose: Valproic acid (VPA) is not only an antiepileptic drug but also a mood stabilizer for patients with bipolar disorder. Long-term VPA therapy can cause carnitine deficiency, which may result in an increase in the blood ammonia level, in patients with epilepsy. However, information about this effect in patients with bipolar disorder is limited.

Attitudes toward long-acting injectable antipsychotics among patients with schizophrenia in Japan.

Background: Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are regarded as an important alternative to oral medication for patients with schizophrenia. However, LAIs remain under-utilized in clinical practice.

Aims: The aims of this investigation were to 1) obtain information on patients' attitudes toward LAIs and 2) assess factors associated with patients' acceptance of LAIs, and 3) identify predictors of the discrepancy between patients and referring psychiatrists' opinions regarding the appropriateness for LAIs.

Differences in etiological beliefs about schizophrenia among patients, family, and medical staff.

Objectives: To determine whether etiological beliefs are different among schizophrenia patients, their family, and medical staff.

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at five hospitals and one mental clinic and included 212 patients, 144 family members, and 347 medical staff other than psychiatrists. A questionnaire about the possible etiological causes of schizophrenia was used.

Attitudes toward placebo-controlled clinical trials among depressed patients in Japan.

Background: Placebo-controlled clinical trials are the standard in the design of clinical studies for the licensing of new drugs. Medical and ethical concerns regarding placebo use still exist in clinical trials of depressed patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes toward placebo-controlled clinical trials and to assess factors related to the willingness to participate in such trials among depressed patients in Japan.

Work-family conflict as a mediator between occupational stress and psychological health among mental health nurses in Japan.

Background: Occupational stress among mental health nurses may affect their psychological health, resulting in reduced performance. To provide high-quality, sustainable nursing care, it is necessary to identify and control the factors associated with psychological health among mental health nurses. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of work-family conflict (WFC) in the well-known relationship between occupational stress and psychological health among mental health nurses in Japan.

An attempt to construct a 7-item short version of the temperament and character inventory to predict the treatment response of patients with depression; a validation study.

Background: The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a psychological test that is frequently used to assess personality traits. Many studies have shown the potential of the inventory to predict the treatment response of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Previously, we showed the association between 10 items of the TCI and the treatment response.

The low level of understanding of depression among patients treated with antidepressants: a survey of 424 outpatients in Japan.

Background: We used self-administered questionnaires to investigate the level of understanding of depression among outpatients who were administered antidepressants.

Methods: A total of 424 outpatients were enrolled in this study. We used an original self-administered questionnaire that consisted of eight categories: (A) depressive symptoms, (B) the course of depression, (C) the cause of depression, (D) the treatment plan, (E) the duration of taking antidepressants, (F) how to discontinue antidepressants, (G) the side effects of the antidepressants, and (H) psychotherapy.

Attitudes toward Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials of Patients with Schizophrenia in Japan.

Background: Although the use of placebo in clinical trials of schizophrenia patients is controversial because of medical and ethical concerns, placebo-controlled clinical trials are commonly used in the licensing of new drugs.

Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the attitudes toward placebo-controlled clinical trials among patients with schizophrenia in Japan.

Method: Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited patients (n = 251) aged 47.

Relationship between occupational stress and depression among psychiatric nurses in Japan.

Psychiatric nursing is a stressful area of nursing practice. The purpose of this study was to examine occupational stress among psychiatric nurses in Japan. In this cross-sectional study, 238 psychiatric nurses were recruited from 7 hospitals.

The effects of electroconvulsive therapy on tardive dystonia or dyskinesia induced by psychotropic medication: a retrospective study.

Background: Tardive dystonia and dyskinesia are potentially irreversible neurological syndromes. Successful electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) has been reported by multiple sources; however, the existing retrospective reviews and open prospective trials provide little information on the response rate.

Methods: Eighteen consecutive patients with tardive dystonia or dyskinesia received a standard course of ECT to treat abnormal movement.

Factor structure of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale in community-dwelling subjects in Japan.

This study examined the internal consistency and structural/construct validity of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) for community-dwelling subjects in Japan. A cross-sectional study that included 929 participants was conducted. Structural/construct validity was assessed on confirmatory factor analysis.

No association between bone mass and prolactin levels among patients with schizophrenia.

Objective: Decreased bone mineral density has been implicated in schizophrenic patients for long years. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between bone mass and prolactin levels in schizophrenic patients.

Methods: In this study, bone mass was measured using quantitative ultrasound densitometry of the calcaneus in 114 patients (49 males and 65 females).

Hearing impairment and cognitive function among a community-dwelling population in Japan.

Background: Hearing impairment is a prevalent and chronic condition in older people. This study investigated the relationship between cognitive function and hearing impairment in a Japanese population.

Methods: A pure-tone average (0.

Comparison of prevalence of metabolic syndrome in hospital and community-based Japanese patients with schizophrenia.

Background: Lifestyle factors, such as an unbalanced diet and lack of physical activity, may affect the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in schizophrenic patients. The aim of this study was to compare the MetS prevalence between inpatients and outpatients among schizophrenic population in Japan.

Methods: We recruited inpatients (n = 759) and outpatients (n = 427) with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder from 7 psychiatric hospitals using a cross-sectional design.

Assessment of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale factor structure among middle-aged workers in Japan.

Our aim was to assess the internal consistency and structural/construct validity of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale among middle-aged employees in Japan. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 7284 workers, aged 49.0 ± 6.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with schizophrenia in Japan.

Aims: In an Asian population, the criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) are different from those for Western populations. The aim of this study was to assess the MetS prevalence among patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in Japan.

Methods: We recruited patients (n=1186), aged 54.