Endoscopic and Histological Characteristics of Gastric Cancer Detected Long After Eradication Therapy.

Background/objectives: Since 2013, eradication therapy for gastritis (-ET) has been covered by the National Health Insurance of Japan. Recently, the risk of post-eradication gastric cancer (pE-GC) has increased. pE-GC includes cancers that develop immediately and several years after -ET.

The Apparent Lack of the Risk of Intussusception Immediately After Rotavirus Vaccination Among Japanese Infants.

Rotavirus vaccines carry a small risk of intussusception mainly 1-7 days after vaccination in the United States of America, Europe, Australia, and Latin America where the background rate of intussusception is relatively low. Such risks are undetectable in Africa and India where the background rate is the lowest. Because few studies were carried out in high-background-rate countries such as Japan, we examined how intussusception occurred in infants living in Akita prefecture, Japan, while the vaccines were sold in the private market.

Height, body mass index, physical activity, and risk of colorectal cancer in relation to expression of insulin receptor: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.

To ascertain the involvement of insulin receptors (IRs) in colorectal carcinogenesis, we investigated the association of height, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity with colorectal cancer (CRC) and two subtypes of CRC according to the expression level of IR. We utilized data from a large-scale, population-based prospective cohort study of 18,158 middle-aged and elderly subjects in Akita and Okinawa, Japan. In the statistical analysis, we used the Cox proportional hazards model and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of CRC and its subtypes as defined by immunohistochemistry of IRβ, a transmembrane subunit of IR.

Dietary vitamin D intake and risk of colorectal cancer according to vitamin D receptor expression in tumors and their surrounding stroma.

Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) has been molecularly classified into several subtypes according to tumor, stromal, and immune components. Here, we investigated whether the preventive effect of vitamin D on CRC varies with subtypes defined by Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in tumors and their surrounding stroma, along with the association of somatic mutations in CRC.

Methods: In a population-based prospective study of 22,743 Japanese participants, VDR expression levels in tumors and their surrounding stroma were defined in 507 cases of newly diagnosed CRC using immunohistochemistry.

Overexposure to venetoclax is associated with prolonged-duration of neutropenia during venetoclax and azacitidine therapy in Japanese patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Purpose: An observational study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of venetoclax and its impact on the efficacy and safety for Japanese patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with venetoclax and azacitidine therapy.

Methods: The association between the plasma concentration, after the first cycle of azacitidine and venetoclax therapy, and the efficacy and safety was evaluated in 33 patients with untreated or relapsed/refractory AML.

Results: Full dose of venetoclax was administered to all patients.

Dementia knowledge and attitudes of nursing undergraduate students-association between lifestyle background and practical training experience.

Objective: To clarify the association between dementia knowledge and attitudes, lifestyle backgrounds, and practical training experiences of nursing students, and examine the basic nursing education for dementia.

Participants And Methods: A total of 412 first-to-fourth-year students at Nursing College A participated in the study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted regarding knowledge (15 questions) and attitudes (15 questions) related to dementia.

Eradication Does Not Adversely Affect the Clinical Course of Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Study on Screening Endoscopic Examination in Japan.

Background: Since gastric cancers (GCs) detected after () eradication present with different morphological characteristics from conventional -positive GCs, delayed detection of early-stage GCs may be observed. This study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of eradication on diagnosing GC during screening endoscopy.

Methods: Eleven health checkup institutions in Japan participated in the present study.

Real clinical outcomes of nivolumab plus ipilimumab for renal cell carcinoma in patients over 75 years old.

Background: Although nivolumab plus ipilimumab is the standard treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), its efficacy and safety in older patients remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of nivolumab plus ipilimumab for metastatic RCC in patients aged ≥ 75 years.

Methods: We enrolled 120 patients with metastatic RCC treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab from August 2015 to January 2023.

Smoking and risk of colorectal cancer according to KRAS and BRAF mutation status in a Japanese prospective Study.

Although smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for many types of cancer, evidence for colorectal cancer is equivocal in Asian populations. Recent Western studies have proposed that the association between smoking and colorectal cancer is restricted to specific tumor molecular subtypes. However, no studies have evaluated the association according to tumor molecular subtypes in Asian populations.

Clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with esophageal varices: Multicenter retrospective study.

Objectives: Clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with esophageal varices (EVs) are obscure. We aimed to elucidate the clinical outcomes of ESD for ESCC with EVs in a multicenter, retrospective study.

Methods: We established a retrospective cohort of 30 patients with ESCC complicating EVs, who underwent ESD at 11 Japanese institutions.

Relationships among Postprandial Plasma Active GLP-1 and GIP Excursions, Skeletal Muscle Mass, and Body Fat Mass in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Either Miglitol, Sitagliptin, or Their Combination: A Secondary Analysis of the MASTER Study.

Background: We previously conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial "the MASTER study" and demonstrated that alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin modified postprandial plasma excursions of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1) and active gastric inhibitory polypeptide (aGIP), and miglitol treatment decreased body fat mass in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the details regarding the relationships among postprandial plasma aGLP-1 and aGIP excursions, skeletal muscle mass, and body fat mass are unclear.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the relationships among skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), total body fat mass index (TBFMI), and the incremental area under the curves (iAUC) of plasma aGLP-1 and aGIP excursions following mixed meal ingestion at baseline and after 24-week add-on treatment with either miglitol alone, sitagliptin alone, or their combination in T2D patients.

The hepatic niche leads to aggressive natural killer cell leukemia proliferation through the transferrin-transferrin receptor 1 axis.

Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia (ANKL) is a rare lymphoid neoplasm frequently associated with Epstein-Barr virus, with a disastrously poor prognosis. Owing to the lack of samples from patients with ANKL and relevant murine models, comprehensive investigation of its pathogenesis including the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been hindered. Here we established 3 xenograft mice derived from patients with ANKL (PDXs), which enabled extensive analysis of tumor cells and their TME.

A Follow-up Report on the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Cancer during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Akita Prefecture, Japan in 2021.

We recently reported the decrease in the number of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer diagnoses in 2020 due to disturbance of the healthcare system by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, using a hospital-based cancer registration system in Akita prefecture, Japan. In this study, we extended the research by showing the latest data (2021) on the number of cancers and examinations. Information on the occurrence and stage of esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers was collected from the same database.

Treatment strategy after noncurative endoscopic resection for early gastric cancers in patients aged ≥ 85 years: a multicenter retrospective study in a highly aged area of Japan.

Background: The guidelines recommend additional gastrectomy after noncurative endoscopic resection for early gastric cancers (EGCs). However, no additional treatment might be acceptable in some patients aged ≥ 85 years. We aimed to identify this patient group using the data in a highly aged area.

Real-world outcomes and risk stratification in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer treated with upfront abiraterone acetate and docetaxel.

Purpose: We assessed clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) treated with two upfront therapies.

Methods: The medical records of 301 patients with mCSPC treated with androgen deprivation therapy plus upfront abiraterone acetate (ABI) or docetaxel (DOC) between 2014 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to compare survival outcomes.

Diverse contributions of the visceral fat area to the etiology of two distinct subtypes of esophago-gastric junctional adenocarcinoma.

Background: There are two distinct etiologies of esophago-gastric junctional adenocarcinomas (EGJACs): one associated with extensive gastric mucosal atrophy (GA), resembling non-cardiac gastric cancers; and the other related to gastro-esophageal reflux disease, resembling esophageal adenocarcinoma. In this study, we investigated the associations between the visceral fat area (VFA) and EGJACs separately in the two subtypes of EGJACs, depending on the extent of background GA.

Methods: Sixty-four consecutive patients with EGJACs (Siewert type 2) were enrolled from a population-based database in Akita Prefecture, Japan, between 2014 and 2019.

Prediction model of 3-year survival after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer in elderly patients aged ≥ 85 years: EGC-2 model.

Purpose: Little is known about the prognostic factors for survival after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in elderly patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). The aim of this study is to determine prognostic factors and a prediction model of 3-year survival after ESD for EGC in patients aged ≥ 85 years.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of 740 patients with EGC aged ≥ 85 years, who were treated by ESD at 30 institutions in Japan.