Effect of Atypical Sleep EEG Patterns on Weaning From Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation.

Background: Approximately one-third of acute ICU patients display atypical sleep patterns that cannot be interpreted by using standard EEG criteria for sleep. Atypical sleep patterns have been associated with poor weaning outcomes in acute ICUs.

Research Question: Do patients being weaned from prolonged mechanical ventilation experience atypical sleep EEG patterns, and are these patterns linked with weaning outcomes?

Study Design And Methods: EEG power spectral analysis during wakefulness and overnight polysomnogram were performed on alert, nondelirious patients at a long-term acute care facility.

/ ratio: the mismeasure of oxygenation in COVID-19.

https://bit.ly/3tNipTJ

Noninvasive strategies in COVID-19: epistemology, randomised trials, guidelines, physiology.

https://bit.ly/3pVp78e

Misconceptions of pathophysiology of happy hypoxemia and implications for management of COVID-19.

In the article "The pathophysiology of 'happy' hypoxemia in COVID-19," Dhont et al. (Respir Res 21:198, 2020) discuss pathophysiological mechanisms that may be responsible for the absence of dyspnea in patients with COVID-19 who exhibit severe hypoxemia. The authors review well-known mechanisms that contribute to development of hypoxemia in patients with pneumonia, but are less clear as to why patients should be free of respiratory discomfort despite arterial oxygen levels commonly regarded as life threatening.

Why COVID-19 Silent Hypoxemia Is Baffling to Physicians.

Patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are described as exhibiting oxygen levels incompatible with life without dyspnea. The pairing-dubbed happy hypoxia but more precisely termed silent hypoxemia-is especially bewildering to physicians and is considered as defying basic biology. This combination has attracted extensive coverage in media but has not been discussed in medical journals.

Esophageal and transpulmonary pressure in the clinical setting: meaning, usefulness and perspectives.

Purpose: Esophageal pressure (Pes) is a minimally invasive advanced respiratory monitoring method with the potential to guide management of ventilation support and enhance specific diagnoses in acute respiratory failure patients. To date, the use of Pes in the clinical setting is limited, and it is often seen as a research tool only.

Methods: This is a review of the relevant technical, physiological and clinical details that support the clinical utility of Pes.

Ventilatory failure, ventilator support, and ventilator weaning.

The development of acute ventilatory failure represents an inability of the respiratory control system to maintain a level of respiratory motor output to cope with the metabolic demands of the body. The level of respiratory motor output is also the main determinant of the degree of respiratory distress experienced by such patients. As ventilatory failure progresses and patient distress increases, mechanical ventilation is instituted to help the respiratory muscles cope with the heightened workload.

Hippocrates is alive and weaning in Brazil.

In a group of postoperative patients, Taniguchi and coworkers compared the effect of a computerized system for weaning against 'manual care'. The computerized system involved automatic adjustments to the level of pressure support to achieve a target respiratory rate. Manual care involved adjustments to the level of pressure support to keep the ratio of respiratory frequency to tidal volume below 80.