Role of molecular imaging in prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers: An update on new therapeutic methods.

One of the leading causes of cancer-related death is gastrointestinal cancer, which has a significant morbidity and mortality rate. Although preoperative risk assessment is essential for directing patient care, its biological behavior cannot be accurately predicted by conventional imaging investigations. Potential pathophysiological information in anatomical imaging that cannot be visually identified can now be converted into high-dimensional quantitative image features thanks to the developing discipline of molecular imaging.

The role of F-FDG PET/MRI in assessing pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the use of F-2-[F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) PET/MRI (Positron emission tomography-computed tomography) in predicting the pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with breast cancer (BC) compared to the use of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) alone.

Methods: We searched numerous databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Science Direct, using curated keywords. The variance of each study was determined using the binomial distribution, and STATA version 14 was used to analyze the data by performing random-effect models.

The influence of Ag2O/NbO2 nanocomposites on the optical properties of PVA/PVP lend in biomedical applications.

Objective: To study the optical properties of nanocomposites as well as antibacterial activity.

Methods: The experimental study was conducted at the University of Babylon, College of Science and College of Education for Pure Sciences, Babylon, Iraq, from September 2021 to February 2022. Impregnation of transparent matrix polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposites was done by silver oxide and niobium oxide nanoparticles.

Role of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion and Dynamic-Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion in Response Prediction of Patients with Colorectal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex malignancy requiring multimodal treatment strategies, including neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (Neo-CRT), to improve patient outcomes. However, the response to Neo-CRT varies among individuals, which necessitates the development of reliable predictors of treatment response. The present study aimed to investigate the role of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) perfusion in predicting treatment response in CRC patients after Neo-CRT.

Investigating Blood Lead Levels and Its Health Effects on Employees of a Petroleum Industry and the Surrounding Residents: A Case Study of Kirkuk City, Iraq.

Objective: This study has been aimed to investigate factors associated with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) across different percentiles in individuals employed in the petroleum industry and residents of Kirkuk City . In addition, to provide evidence-based approaches to mitigate exposure risks and safeguard vulnerable populations.

Methods: The study involved 357 participants and utilized quantile regression to examine BLL in petroleum industry workers and Kirkuk residents.

Exploring Blood Lead Level Determinants in Refinery Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Occupational lead exposure poses a significant risk to workers in industrial settings, especially in petroleum refineries. The study aimed to examine the prevalence and determinants of high blood lead concentrations among refinery workers in Kirkuk, Iraq. It has also been aimed to provide evidence-based approaches to identify associated risk factors.

Critical Review on the Effect and Mechanism of Realgar Nanoparticles on Lymphoma: State of the Art on In-Vitro Biomedical Studies.

Lymphoma is a malignant tumor caused by abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes in the lymphatic system. Conventional treatments for lymphoma often have limitations, and new therapeutic strategies need to be explored. Realgar is an ancient Chinese medicine that has been used for centuries to treat a variety of ailments due to its therapeutic potential for various diseases, including cancer.

In vivo and in vitro efficacy of the ithmid kohl/zinc-oxide nanoparticles, ithmid kohl/Aloe vera, and zinc-oxide nanoparticles/Aloe vera for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the ithmid kohl/zinc-oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), ithmid kohl/Aloe vera, and ZnONPs/Aloe vera in the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis. The endophthalmitis model was prepared by contaminating both eyes of 24 healthy adult male albino rabbits with a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The animals were randomly divided into eight groups (A-H) according to the treatment.

QTAIM analysis of the bonding in anionic group 6 carbonyl selenide clusters: [SeM(CO)] (M=Cr, Mo, W).

Context: This research aims to offer a deeper understanding of the bonding interactions between M-Se and M-CO and how these interactions change across the group 6 transition metal series: [SeM(CO)] (M = Cr, Mo, W). It also seeks to explore the impact of carbonyl groups on M-M interactions within the clusters. Seven criteria, which are based on QTAIM properties, have been considered and compared with the corresponding criteria in other transition metal clusters.

Burton's Line on the Gum Seen in Lead Poisoning Among Petroleum Refinery Workers in Kirkuk City, Iraq: A Case Series.

Lead poisoning is a serious occupational health risk, especially for those who work in fields where lead-containing products are frequently exposed, including petroleum refining. Three cases of lead poisoning among employees of the petroleum refinery in Kirkuk City, Iraq, have been presented in this case series, emphasizing the clinical significance of Burton's line (blue-purplish line or gingival pigmentation) on the gums as an indication of lead toxicity. Patients presented with typical gingival margin darkening along with symptoms like fatigue, headaches, abdominal pain, and neurological impairments.

Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for the detection of pulmonary embolism (PE) among trauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Objectives: Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is a standard imaging technique employed for the detection of pulmonary embolism (PE). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to examine the prevalence of PE among the trauma patients undergoing CTPA.

Methods: A comprehensive search across PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science yielded 13 studies encompassing 5,570 individuals conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline.

Repurposing Phytochemicals against Breast Cancer (MCF-7) using Classical Structure-Based Drug Design.

Background: The significant public health effect of breast cancer is demonstrated by its high global prevalence and the potential for severe health consequences. The suppression of the proliferative effects facilitated by the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in the MCF-7 cell line is significant for breast cancer therapy.

Objective: The current work involves techniques for identifying potential inhibitors of ERα.

An electrochemical sensor for the determination of environmentally hazardous fungicide pyrimethanil in water and fruit samples.

We developed a facile electroanalytical system for the rapid and sensitive detection of pyrimethanil through the modification of carbon paste electrode surface using the as-fabricated europium doped feather-type CuO nanoflowers (FT-Eu-CuO NF sensor). The peak current of pyrimethanil oxidation was elevated by the sensor due to the integration of appreciable electrochemical features of the modifier, which indicates the high ability of the modified electrode to enhance the sensitivity of pyrimethanil detection. The pyrimethanil sensor under the optimized setting had a broad linear dynamic range (0.

Investigation of surface hardness, thermostability, tribo-corrosion, and microstructural morphological properties of microwave-synthesized high entropy alloy FeCoNiMnCu coating claddings on steel.

Deposition of high entropy alloy FeCoNiMnCu on SS-304 was carried out by microwave energy for application in "solid oxide fuel-cell (SOFC) interconnects". The ball-milling has been performed by taking "Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Cu" in equal 20 wt. % of before deposited on SS-304 substrate.

Evidence Supporting Diagnostic Value of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System for CT- and MR Imaging-based Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Based on the Liver Imaging Data and Reporting System (LI-RADS) guidelines, Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) can be diagnosed using imaging criteria in patients at risk of HCC.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of LI-RADS in high-risk patients with HCC.

Material And Methods: This systematic review is conducted on international databases, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, PROQUEST, and Cochrane Library, with appropriate keywords.

Multi-parametric assessment of cardiac magnetic resonance images to distinguish myocardial infarctions: A tensor-based radiomics feature.

Aim: This study assessed the myocardial infarction (MI) using a novel fusion approach (multi-flavored or tensor-based) of multi-parametric cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) at four sequences; T1-weighted (T1W) in the axial plane, sense-balanced turbo field echo (sBTFE) in the axial plane, late gadolinium enhancement of heart short axis (LGE-SA) in the sagittal plane, and four-chamber views of LGE (LGE-4CH) in the axial plane.

Methods: After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 115 patients (83 with MI diagnosis and 32 as healthy control patients), were included in the present study. Radiomic features were extracted from the whole left ventricular myocardium (LVM).

Obesity Characteristics Are Poor Predictors of Genetic Mutations Associated with Obesity.

Background: The genetic contribution to obesity is substantial and may underpin the altered pathophysiology. One such pathway involves melanocortin signaling in the hypothalamus. Genetic variants can cause dysregulation in the central melanocortin pathway that can result in early onset of hyperphagia and obesity.

The Different MRI Features of Hepatocellular Adenoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are benign tumours that may be broken down into three different molecular pathogenic categories: catenin activator, hepatic cell nuclear agent 1 (HNF- 1) that has been inactivated, and Inflammatory hepatic adenomas are a genetic and pathological subtype of hepatic adenoma.

Methodology: An analysis of 50 HCA cases was conducted to identify the magnetic resonance imaging characteristics that were specifically related to each HCA subtype IV. This method included 50 patients in total for the study, with 30 of them being new cases.

miRNA/epithelial-mesenchymal axis (EMT) axis as a key player in cancer progression and metastasis: A focus on gastric and bladder cancers.

The metastasis a major hallmark of tumors that its significant is not only related to the basic research, but clinical investigations have revealed that majority of cancer deaths are due to the metastasis. The metastasis of tumor cells is significantly increased due to EMT mechanism and therefore, inhibition of EMT can reduce biological behaviors of tumor cells and improve the survival rate of patients. One of the gaps related to cancer metastasis is lack of specific focus on the EMT regulation in certain types of tumor cells.

Chemical Analysis, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Broccoli () Using GC-ms.

Antioxidant and antibacterial chemicals are key sources in medicinal plants. Alkaloids, phenolics, steroids, terpenes, flavonoids, terpenes, and volatile oils are a few of these plants' secondary metabolites. Phytochemicals, particularly the secondary metabolites produced by plants, are important for human nutrition, well-being, illness prevention, and antibacterial properties.

Evaluation treatment planning system for oropharyngeal cancer patient using machine learning.

Unlabelled: Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) comprises a group of various malignant tumours that grow in the throat, larynx, mouth, sinuses, and nose. THE RESEARCH AIMS: to investigate the performance of the OPC VMAT model by comparison to clinical plans in terms of dosimetric parameters and normal tissue complication probabilities.

Purpose: Tune the model which at least matches the performance of clinical created photon treatment plans and analyse and find the most appropriate strategic plan scheme for OPC.

Structural Diversity, Spectral Data, and Pharmacological Effects of Genus Nigella.

Nigella is one of the most studied plants because of its pharmacological properties like anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory, neuro-protective, hepatoprotective, and anti-cancerous. In this study, about 20 species of the genus Nigella were reviewed and among them, N. damascene, N.

Identify Breast Cancer Risk Factors Using the Gail Assessment Model in Iraq.

The prevalence of breast cancer (BC) has increased significantly in the last 50 years worldwide. This increase may be because more women today have mammograms and, as a result, are more known to have cancers. At the same time, the theory is growing that many other factors contribute to the increase in cancer rates.