A forecasting tool for optimized emission control strategies to achieve short-term air quality attainment.

Optimizing an emergency air pollution control strategy for haze events presents a significant challenge due to the extensive computational demands required to quantify the complex nonlinearity associated with controls on diverse air pollutants and regional sources. In this study, we developed a forecasting tool for emergency air pollution control strategies based on a predictive response surface model that quantifies PM responses to emission changes from different pollutants and regions. This tool is equipped to assess the effectiveness of emergency control measures corresponding to various air pollution alerts and to formulate an optimized control strategy aimed at specific PM targets.

Chitinases are important virulence factors in Vibrio for degrading the chitin-rich barrier of shrimp.

Vibrio-induced diseases pose a significant threat to shrimp aquaculture. While the mechanisms underlying Vibrio penetration of shrimp shells and the gastrointestinal tract remain unclear, this study implicates chitinases as critical virulence factors. Despite their inability to utilize chitin or shrimp shells as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, three major shrimp pathogens-V.

One-Pot Synthesis of Multicentric DIL@PDIL Catalyst for Mild CO 2 Conversion to Cyclic Carbonates.

Among the various studies on CO2 utilization, the sustainable and cost-effective fixation of CO2 into cyclic carbonates remains one of the most intriguing subjects. To this end, a novel type of  composite dicationic ionic liquid material, DIL@PDIL, was developed. This composite consists of a dicationic ionic liquid (DIL), DMAP[TMGH]Br, supported on a polymeric dicationic ionic liquid (PDIL), P-DVB/Im[TMGH]Br.

Quantitative redox proteomics links thioredoxin to heavy ion resistance in Deinococcus radiodurans.

Heavy ion radiotherapy is an effective treatment for tumors, but its therapeutic efficacy is limited in cancer cells with radiation resistance. Deinococcus radiodurans, well known for its extremely resisting various stresses, was used to explore radioresistant mechanism. We used quantitative redox proteomics to track the dynamic changes in the global redox state after C irradiation.

Instruction-responsive programmable assemblies with DNA origami block pieces.

DNA nanotechnology has created a wide variety of nanostructures that provide a reliable platform for nanofabrication and DNA computing. However, constructing programmable finite arrays that allow for easy pre-functionalization remains challenge. We aim to create more standardized and controllable DNA origami components, which could be assembled into finite-scale and more diverse superstructures driven by instruction sets.

Porkolor: A deep learning framework for pork color classification.

Pork color is crucial for assessing its safety and freshness, and traditional methods of observing through human eyes are inefficient and subjective. In recent years, several methods have been proposed based on computer vision and deep learning have been proposed, which can provide objective and stable evaluations. However, these methods suffer from a lack of standardized data collection methods and large-scale datasets for training, leading to poor model performance and limited generalization capabilities.

Guilu Erxian Jiao remodels dendritic spine morphology through activation of the hippocampal TRPC6-CaMKIV-CREB signaling pathway and suppresses fear memory generalization in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Guilu Erxian Jiao (GLEXJ) is a renowned traditional Chinese herbal formula used to tonify the kidney. It is employed to treat psychiatric disorders, and alleviate memory impairment, cognitive dysfunction, and behavioral disorders. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated GLEXJ's ability to significantly inhibit the fear response in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and facilitate the extinction of fear memory.

Evaluation of the cross-protective effect of VR2332 modified live virus vaccine against a recombinant NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

In recent years, NADC34-like strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus have gradually emerged as mainstream strains on Chinese pig farms. These strains have high mutation rates and can recombine with local strains, representing great challenges to prevention and control efforts. Previously, a new recombinant NADC34-like subtype strain was isolated in our laboratory.

Fast and low energy-consumption integrated Fourier-transform spectrometer based on thin-film lithium niobate.

Integrated miniature spectrometers have impacts in industry, agriculture, and aerospace applications due to their unique advantages in portability and energy consumption. Although existing on-chip spectrometers have achieved breakthroughs in key performance metrics, such as, a high resolution and a large bandwidth, their scanning speed and energy consumption still hinder practical applications of such devices. Here, a stationary Fourier transform spectrometer is introduced based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure on thin-film lithium niobate.

Electron Delocalized Ni Active Sites in Spinel Catalysts Enable Efficient Urea Oxidation.

The urea oxidation reaction (UOR) has attracted much attention as an efficient alternative reaction to oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to its low required overpotential. Despite significant progress in efficient nickel-based catalysts, the fundamental issues regarding product selectivity control and dissociation mechanism during the UOR process have not been clarified. Here, we report that tuning the electron delocalization strength of Ni sites significantly affects the OH binding sites, altering urea molecule dissociation patterns in alkaline systems.

Ce/Ce Ion Redox Shuttle Stabilized Cu for Efficient CO Electroreduction to CH.

The CO electroreduction reaction has advantages in clean and pollution-free carbon conversion, but it still faces challenges in carbon utilization efficiency and improving the selectivity of C products. Although the dynamic Cu state is known to favor the C-C coupling process, the suitable Cu species for electrocatalytic reduction of CO are difficult to maintain under the conditions of strong reduction and large current. Herein, we propose a Ce doping strategy to stabilize the Cu state (Ce/CuO) during the CORR process, which enables a high Faradaic efficiency of 60 % for multi-carbon products (40 % for CH, 14 % for CHCHOH, and 6 % for CHCOOH), and 25 h stability at -1.

Putative Identification of 47 Compounds from Jieyu Anshen Granule and Proposal of Pharmacopeia Quality-Assessment Strategy Using TCM-Specific Library with UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS.

Jieyu Anshen Granule is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription used for depression and primarily comprises five herbal medicines: Zhizi, Chaihu, Zhigancao, Danggui, and Yuanzhi. This study established a traditional Chinese herbal medicine-specific library using emerging ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Through library comparison, the study has fulfilled isomers distinction.

Ru(ii)-catalyzed regioselective oxidative Heck reaction with internal olefins that tolerated strongly coordinating heterocycles.

The oxidative Heck reaction of strongly coordinating heterocycles with internal olefins often led to elusive reactivity and regioselectivity. Herein, by judicious choice of X-type directing groups under Ru(ii) catalysis, we achieved the regioselective oxidative Heck reaction of strongly coordinating heterocycles with sterically demanding internal olefins. It was postulated that the "match/mismatch effect" of sterically demanding internal olefins as coupling partners and subsequent kinetically favoured Michael addition or oxidative aromatization act as driving forces to facilitate the desired reactivity and site-selectivity.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis short mutant H37Rv-S with reduced growth adaptability is more readily recognized by the host immune system.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the bacterium responsible for causing Tuberculosis (TB) and understanding its mechanisms of virulence, persistence, and pathogenesis is a global research priority. Attenuated strains of Mtb are valuable tools for investigating the genes and proteins involved in these processes. In this study, we identified an Mtb mutant, H37Rv-S, which exhibits a shorter mycelium, smoother colony, slower growth, and reduced antibiotics resistance compared to the wild-type strain H37Rv.

Water-Vapor-Triggered Dual-Mode Optical Responses in Rare-Earth-Doped Hollow Nanospheres.

Multimode responsive optical materials are garnering ever-increasing attention due to their diverse applications. This work showcases a film assembled with rare-earth-doped CaF hollow nanospheres that exhibit water-vapor-triggered dual-mode optical responses. Upon exposure to flowing water vapor, the film rapidly (less than 1.

The mechanism of short hypha formation and high protein production system mediated by cell wall integrity signaling pathway in Aspergillus niger.

Aspergillus niger is a cell factory widely used in industries to produce proteases, organic acids, drugs, and other substances. The hyphal morphology of A. niger is a complex differentiated elongated tubular structure, which limits its basic research and application.

Facile fabrication of a starch-based wood adhesive showcasing water resistance, flame retardancy, and antibacterial properties via a dual crosslinking strategy.

The demand for non-toxic, environmentally friendly, easily processable, water-resistant, flame-retardant and antimicrobial adhesives in the wood processing industry is becoming increasingly urgent. Few adhesives can possess these functions altogether while being synthesized easily. This paper presents a one-pot process utilizing corn starch, sodium hypochlorite, itaconic acid, and borax to synthesize a starch-based adhesive with dual crosslinking.

Highly cost-effective wheat starch-stearic acid complexes enabled by microwave processing: Structural properties, anti-digestion, and molecular dynamics simulation.

Microwave (MW) heating shows higher efficiency in preparing wheat starch-stearic acid (WS-SA) complexes than the traditional water bath (WB) heating method, while the detailed "time-energy-quality" evaluations and the potential anti-digestion mechanism of the MW-processed WS-SA remain further exploration. In this study, 95 % time cost and 73 % energy consumption were saved when using MW processing WS-SA, and the MW-processed complexes were verified to show significantly higher relative crystallinity, short-range ordered structure degree, thermal stability, complex index, and resistant starch content. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation demonstrated that MW treatment notably facilitated the binding rate of amylose and SA molecules, generating a tight and stable helical structure through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.

Integrated spectral based monitoring, optimization and control of the combined ozonation and powdered activated carbon adsorption process to remove organic micropollutants from secondary effluent.

In this study, an innovative approach for the integrated monitoring, optimization and control of the combined ozonation (O) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption process is introduced making use of spectral surrogates (UVA and EEM-PARAFAC components). The combined O-PAC process is designed to remove organic micropollutants (µP) from secondary effluent. Therefore, the removal of 6 µP with varying ozone reactivity was systematically studied in both O and PAC as stand-alone systems and in the combined O-PAC system.

Effects of on microbial community dynamics and tobacco quality during tobacco fermentation.

Introduction: Carotenoids are important precursors of various aroma components in tobacco and play an important role in the sensory quality of tobacco. is a species of capable of synthesizing a highly valuable carotenoid-astaxanthin, but has not yet been used in improving tobacco quality.

Methods: The dynamic changes of microbial community and metabolites during tobacco fermentation were analyzed in combination with microbiome and metabolome, and the quality of tobacco after fermentation was evaluated by sensory scores.

New Genus and Species of Webspinners (Insecta: Embioptera) from the Mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar with a Catalog of Fossil Members.

One new genus ( gen. nov.) and three new species of webspinners ( gen.