"Apathetic look" is a valuable indicator of intraoperative supplementary motor area syndrome during awake craniotomy.

Resection of a glioma from the dorsomedial frontal lobe, including the supplementary motor area (SMA), can result in postoperative SMA syndrome. SMA syndrome may occur during awake craniotomies. However, it is often difficult to intraoperatively distinguish between motor dysfunction due to pyramidal tract damage from that due to SMA syndrome.

Cognitive screening test for rehabilitation using spatiotemporal data extracted from a digital trail making test part-A.

We investigated a newly developed digitized Trail Making Test using an iPad (iTMT) as a brief cognitive function screening test. We found that the iTMT part-A (iTMT-A) can estimate generalized cognitive function in rehabilitation inpatients examined using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Forty-two hospitalized participants undergoing rehabilitation (rehab participants), 30 of whom had cerebral infarction/hemorrhage (stroke participants), performed the iTMT five times (first three times: iTMT-A; fourth: paper version of TMT-A; fifth: the inverse version of iTMT-A) and the MMSE once.

Vertical dynamic visual acuity is significantly lower than horizontal dynamic visual acuity.

Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is crucial for the perception of moving objects. While traditional DVA assessment tools predominantly focus on horizontal movements, the evaluation of vertical DVA remains unstandardized. Consequently, the disparities between vertical and horizontal DVAs are yet to be thoroughly investigated.

Motor-cognitive functions required for driving in post-stroke individuals identified via machine-learning analysis.

Background: People who were previously hospitalised with stroke may have difficulty operating a motor vehicle, and their driving aptitude needs to be evaluated to prevent traffic accidents in today's car-based society. Although the association between motor-cognitive functions and driving aptitude has been extensively studied, motor-cognitive functions required for driving have not been elucidated.

Methods: In this paper, we propose a machine-learning algorithm that introduces sparse regularization to automatically select driving aptitude-related indices from 65 input indices obtained from 10 tests of motor-cognitive function conducted on 55 participants with stroke.

Increased cerebrovascular reactivity in selected brain regions after extracranial-intracranial bypass improves the speed and accuracy of visual cancellation in patients with severe steno-occlusive disease: a preliminary study.

The effect of the change in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in each brain area on cognitive function after extracranial-intracranial bypass (EC-IC bypass) was examined. Eighteen patients who underwent EC-IC bypass for severe unilateral steno-occlusive disease were included. Single-photon emission CT (SPECT) for evaluating CVR and the visual cancellation (VC) task were performed before and after surgery.

Effect of region-wide use of prehospital stroke triage scale on management of patients with acute stroke.

Background: Prehospital stroke triage scales help with the decision to transport patients with suspected stroke to suitable hospitals.

Objective: To explore the effect of the region-wide use of the Japan Urgent Stroke Triage (JUST) score, which can predict several types of stroke: large vessel occlusion (LVO), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and cerebral infarction other than LVO (CI).

Methods: We implemented the JUST score and conducted a retrospective and prospective multicenter cohort study at 13 centers in Hiroshima from April 1, 2018, to March 31, 2020.

Lesions in the right Rolandic operculum are associated with self-rating affective and apathetic depressive symptoms for post-stroke patients.

Stroke survivors majorly suffered from post-stroke depression (PSD). The PSD diagnosis is commonly performed based on the clinical cut-off for psychometric inventories. However, we hypothesized that PSD involves spectrum symptoms (e.

Relationships between motor and cognitive functions and subsequent post-stroke mood disorders revealed by machine learning analysis.

Mood disorders (e.g. depression, apathy, and anxiety) are often observed in stroke patients, exhibiting a negative impact on functional recovery associated with various physical disorders and cognitive dysfunction.

The right hemisphere is important for driving-related cognitive function after stroke.

Considering quality of life (QOL) after stroke, car driving is one of the most important abilities for returning to the community. In this study, directed attention and sustained attention, which are thought to be crucial for driving, were examined. Identification of specific brain structure abnormalities associated with post-stroke cognitive dysfunction related to driving ability would help in determining fitness for car driving after stroke.

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in a Patient With Continuous Intrathecal Baclofen Infusion Therapy.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the method of choice in patients requiring long-term enteral tube feeding. In patients with intrathecal baclofen infusion therapy (IBT) pump implantation, infection via the skin and soft tissue may be an issue of concern. The introducer technique for gastrostomy tube insertion may be useful in reducing the risk of peristomal infection.

Neuroanatomic pathways associated with monoaminergic dysregulation after stroke.

Objective: We examined the complex relationship between lesion location, symptoms of depression (affective and apathetic), and monoamine dysfunction after stroke.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 48 post-stroke patients that had been assessed for affective and apathetic symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Apathy Scale, respectively. Noradrenalin (NA), dopamine (DA), their metabolites, and a metabolite of serotonin (5-HT) were measured using 24-h urine samples, and 5-HT and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol were measured using blood samples.

Treatment of pressure ulcers in patients with declining renal function using arginine, glutamine and ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate.

The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy on healing pressure ulcers (PU) of using a supplement combination containing arginine, glutamine and ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate, which was given to two elderly patients with renal dysfunction. The PU was surgically opened, decompressed and treated by drugs. A half quantity of the defined dose of the supplement combination, with an enteral nutrition product, was administered to the patients twice a day.

Effect of post-trochanteric groove support on stance control associated with the pelvic-lumbar system: A preliminary study.

Background: Many stroke and neuromuscular patients with paraplegia or severe hemiparesis cannot control trunk balance.

Objective: To support the pelvis/hip of paresis patients, a new pelvic/hip support system was developed bearing a convex pressing member placed over the post-trochanteric groove, a cutaneous landmark sited on the lateral portion of the gluteus maximus muscle and indicating the posterior aspect of the greater trochanter.

Study Design: Preliminary study.

Neuroanatomic pathway associated with attentional deficits after stroke.

We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the statistical parametric mapping (SPM) image analysis technique to localize lesions in post-stroke patients with attention deficits. SPM can be used to combine image data from multiple participants and correlate these images with other data sets. Magnetic resonance imaging acquisitions were obtained from 115 post-stroke patients, who were systemically assessed for attention deficits using a standardized test (the Clinical Assessment for Attention; CAT) that probes various domains of attention.

Twig tea impaction in the colon causing abdominal pain.

We describe a case of lower abdominal pain caused by a twig tea impaction at the rectosigmoid junction after inadvertent ingestion. The foreign body was detected and successfully dislodged from the colonic wall with grasping forceps during colonoscopy. The post-procedural course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 10 days after the removal.

Vulnerable carotid arterial plaque causing repeated ischemic stroke can be detected with B-mode ultrasonography as a mobile component: Jellyfish sign.

Mobile plaque is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke, but definitions have remained unclear. We have previously reported that carotid ultrasonography can detect the mobile component of the carotid plaque surface, which rises and falls in a manner inconsistent with arterial pulsatile wall motion (Jellyfish sign). However, clinical and pathological features of Jellyfish sign remain unclear.