[Hiatal hernia after esophagectomy].

Objective: To analyze the causes and surgical treatment of hiatal hernia after esophagectomy, technical features of surgery and methods of prevention.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of postoperative hiatal hernias after esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer between 2018 and 2023. Structure of hernias, surgical options and postoperative results were assessed.

Revealing molecular mechanisms of early-onset tongue cancer by spatial transcriptomics.

Tongue cancer at a young age demonstrates an increase in incidence, aggressiveness, and poor response to therapy. Classic etiological factors for head and neck tumors such as tobacco, alcohol, and human papillomavirus are not related to early-onset tongue cancer. Mechanisms of development and progression of this cancer remain unclear.

A case report of successful combined intra-arterial immunotherapy and cytokine genetic therapy treatment in a patient with recurrent glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor with very poor prognosis due to frequent recurrence and short overall survival (OS) time, which according to different sources, is not longer than 17 months after the diagnosis. Infiltrative growth pattern often leads to tumor propagation into functionally significant brain areas while surgery is cytoreductive and does not necessarily alter the prognosis. Many patients are in the working age, thus finding conservative approaches to the treatment of this type of neoplasms is of utmost importance.

[Indocyanine green is an integral part of breast reconstructive surgery using perforator flaps].

Introduction: The use of allotransplants for breast reconstruction in surgical stage of the the breast cancer treatment requires tissue perfusion control. The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of using indocyanine green as a drug for determining the perfusion of perforant flaps in breast reconstructive surgery.

Material And Methods: A retrospective series of observations of 27 breast reconstructions using autologous transplants is presented: 19 reconstructions with DIEP-flap, 2 with SIEA-flap, 5 with TD-flap; 1 with thoracoepigastric flap.

Multiple myeloma and infections in the era of novel treatment modalities.

Infections are major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with multiple myeloma. Current treatment landscape of newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma includes different classes of drugs, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies, all of which are characterized by specific risk and pattern of infectious complications. Additionally, autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, widely used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, are complex procedures, carrying a significant risk of complications, and mainly infections.

Extent of resection in patients with glioblastoma.

Objective: To investigate the impact of resection quality on subsequent survival of patients with glioblastoma.

Material And Methods: There were 141 patients with morphologically confirmed glioblastoma (grade 4). Fractionation with the prescribed dose of 2 and 3 Gy was alternately used (pairwise modeling strategy).

[Indocyanine green in diagnostics and reconstructive surgery for breast cancer].

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of sentinel lymph node detection using indocyanine green (ICG) in breast cancer.

Material And Methods: The study included 153 breast cancer patients (stage 0-I-II-III, cN0 or cN1-ycN0) between October 2022 and April 2023. All patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy using ICG.

[Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography in transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of ICG angiography in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) undergoing transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy (TOETVA) and selective neck dissection (level VI).

Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis included 20 patients with PTC who underwent TOETVA with selective neck dissection (level VI) between September and December 2022. ICG was administered intravenously (5 mg ´ 3 times).

Pembrolizumab Plus Axitinib Versus Sunitinib as First-line Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: 43-month Follow-up of the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-426 Study.

Previous analyses of KEYNOTE-426, an open-label, phase 3 randomized study, showed superior efficacy of first-line pembrolizumab plus axitinib to sunitinib in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We report results of the final protocol-prespecified analysis of KEYNOTE-426. Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 wk plus axitinib 5 mg orally twice daily or sunitinib 50 mg orally once daily (4 wk per 6-wk cycle).

Predictive significance of HIF-1α, Snail, and PD-L1 expression in breast cancer.

Currently, the prediction of breast cancer (BC) effectiveness to drug treatment is based on determining the expression level of steroid hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2). However, significant differences in individual response to drug treatment require the search for new predictive markers. Here, by comprehensively examining HIF-1α, Snail, and PD-L1 expression in BC tumor tissue, we demonstrate that high levels of these markers correlate with unfavorable factors of BC prognosis: the presence of regional and distant metastases and lymphovascular and perineural invasion.

Case Report: A rare case of familial lung cancer requiring pneumonectomy in three male siblings.

Lung cancer is a disease with a unique genetic pattern and is occasionally related to hereditary syndromes such as Lynch, Louis-Bar, and Li-Fraumeni. In some patients, germinal mutations may be discovered in combination with somatic alterations. For instance, Li-Fraumeni syndrome often reveals a mixture of and mutations.

[Study of gastric adenocarcinomas association with the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs].

Objective: Assessment of the incidence of EBV-associated gastric adenocarcinomas in a sample of Russian patients, as well as clarification of the clinical and morphological characteristics and median survival of patients with EBV-associated gastric cancer.

Material And Methods: We used samples of surgical material from 282 patients with a verified diagnosis of gastric cancer. Each sample was stained by in situ hybridization using primers for the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs (EBER).

[Metastatic solid pseudopapillary tumor in the perinephric fat without a primary identified focus].

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is an extremely rare neoplasm of the exocrine portion of this organ, which affects mostly young women and is characterized by a low malignancy potential and a relatively benign clinical course. According to the literature, even in disease progression as metastases, the overall 5-year survival rate is more than 95%. The paper describes a clinical case of a female patient with a solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor regarded as a metastatic neoplasm in the retroperitoneal space after surgical treatment previously performed in 2001.

Ipatasertib plus abiraterone and prednisolone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (IPATential150): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

Background: The PI3K/AKT and androgen-receptor pathways are dysregulated in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (mCRPCs); tumours with functional PTEN-loss status have hyperactivated AKT signalling. Dual pathway inhibition with AKT inhibitor ipatasertib plus abiraterone might have greater benefit than abiraterone alone. We aimed to compare ipatasertib plus abiraterone with placebo plus abiraterone in patients with previously untreated mCRPC with or without tumour PTEN loss.

Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Advanced Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Purpose: Programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway inhibitors have not been prospectively evaluated in patients with non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC). The phase II KEYNOTE-427 study (cohort B) was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of single-agent pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, in advanced nccRCC.

Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed, measurable (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST] version 1.

[Persistence of Epstein-Barr virus antigens in gastric cancer: characteristic of inflammatory cellular reactions in tumor].

The Aim Of The Study: Is to establish the relationship between the persistence of viral antigens of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the cellular composition of the immune microenvironment of tumor tissue and the mucous membrane of peritumoral area in gastric cancer.

Material And Methods: We used samples of surgical material from 55 patients with a verified diagnosis of gastric cancer. The expression of CD4, CD8, CD68, CD1a and LMP-1 was assessed.

[Surgical management of cancer patients within the COVID-19 pandemic].

Objective: A systematic review of the world literature data on surgical management and preoperative screening of cancer patients within the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and resumption of elective surgery.

Material And Methods: Literature data searching included Pubmed, MedLine, Scopus, Web of Science, and RSCI databases. We enrolled literature data published for the period from March 2020 to June 2020.

[Short-term survival prediction scale in patients with metastatic brain disease caused by lung and breast cancer].

Objective: To develop a prognostic scale suitable for distinguishing a group of poor prognosis with low survival prior to deciding on the appropriateness of radiotherapy.

Material And Methods: We analyzed only those patients with reliably known date of death after previous WBRT to determine objective criteria allowing WBRT abandonment. WBRT was carried out in 100 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (=49) and breast cancer (=51) and confirmed metastatic brain disease.

[Chlorine e6 in phospholipid nanoparticles with specific targeting and penetrating peptides as prospective composition for photodynamic therapy of malignant neoplasms].

Cytotoxic and photoinduced activity of chlorine e6 (Ce6) in phospholipid nanoparticles with specific tumor targeting and cell-penetrating peptides was studied in vitro using human fibrosarcoma cells HT-1080. It was shown, that the binding of cell-penetrating peptide R7 - alone or combined with the peptide containing specific targeting motif NGR (Asn-Gly-Arg) - resulted in 3-fold decrease of Ce6 photoinduced activity as compared with that in nanoparticles without peptides (IC50 values were 0.7 μg/ml and 2.

Segmentectomy in patients with primary pulmonary malignancies.

Objective: To analyze immediate and long-term results of anatomical resections for lung cancer with subsequent comparison of the results of segmentectomy and lobectomy in patients with peripheral NSCLC stage IA1-2.

Material And Methods: There were 52 sublobular anatomical resections of the lung for peripheral non-small cell carcinoma and carcinoid T1a-bN0M0, IA1-2 stage. 3D-CT reconstruction with separation of bronchial and vascular structures was used to schedule complex segmentectomy.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of PSMA-targeting paclitaxel conjugates.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men. Conventional chemotherapy has wide variety of disadvantages such as high systemic toxicity and low selectivity. Targeted drug delivery is a promising approach to decrease side effects of therapy.

[Pancreatoduodenectomy: learning curve within single multi-field center].

Aim: To analyze learning curve by using of immediate results of pancreatoduodenectomy at multi-field oncology institute.

Material And Methods: For the period 2010-2016 at Abdominal Oncology Department of Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute 120 pancreatoduodenal resections were consistently performed. All patients were divided into two groups: the first 60 procedures (group A) and subsequent 60 operations (group B).