5,172 results match your criteria: "Herpes Simplex Encephalitis"
In Children, -Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antibody Encephalitis Incidence Exceeds That of Japanese Encephalitis in Vietnam.
Open Forum Infect Dis
December 2024
Clinical Department, Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Background: The recognition of autoimmune causes of encephalitis has led to epidemiological shifts in the worldwide characteristics of encephalitis. -methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody encephalitis leads to well-established complex neuropsychiatric manifestations. In low- and middle-income countries, including Vietnam, its relative incidence, especially in children, is unknown and most neurologists currently consider infectious encephalitis prior to autoimmune etiologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOptimization of antiviral dosing in Herpesviridae encephalitis: a promising approach to improve outcome?
Clin Microbiol Infect
December 2024
Medical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Background: Despite established antiviral therapy for herpes simplex (HSV), varicella zoster (VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis, outcome remains poor.
Objectives: To assess pharmacokinetic (PK) and -dynamic (PD) data of antiviral drugs in the central nervous system (CNS) to optimize treatment of Herpesviridae encephalitis.
Sources: PUBMED search 1950 to September 2024, terms 1.
A rare association of Guillain-Barré syndrome/Miller-Fisher syndrome overlap syndrome and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 infection: trigger or exacerbating factor?
Ther Adv Neurol Disord
December 2024
Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Centre, Milan, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated disorder with varied symptoms often triggered by infections, including viral ones.
- An 80-year-old man exhibited signs of GBS/Miller-Fisher syndrome overlap after a respiratory infection, and tests showed herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA in his cerebrospinal fluid.
- Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and acyclovir led to recovery, highlighting the importance of considering viral infections as potential triggers for autoimmune neurological conditions.
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Complicated With Vasculitis in a Young Male: A Case Report.
Clin Case Rep
December 2024
Department of Radiology, School of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
Article Synopsis
- HSV encephalitis is a significant cause of serious brain inflammation and can affect anyone, requiring prompt treatment for better outcomes.
- CNS vasculitis occurring alongside HSV encephalitis is uncommon and poses additional challenges for diagnosis and treatment.
- A case study highlights a 28-year-old male with HSV meningoencephalitis complicated by vasculitis, outlining difficulties in diagnosing and responding to treatment.
Mortality and prognosis in herpes simplex Virus-1 encephalitis long-term follow up study.
J Neurol Sci
November 2024
Department of Neurology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; AI in Neurology Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rapaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525408, Israel; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis is the most common type of viral encephalitis globally, but there is limited understanding of long-term mortality rates and influencing factors.
- A retrospective study analyzed data from HSV-positive encephalitis patients over 23 years, finding that 55.31% of HSV-1 patients died during follow-up, with older age and cancer comorbidities significantly increasing mortality risk.
- Key findings highlighted that older patients had a higher risk of death, and having cancer dramatically impacted mortality, with an optimal age cut-off of 63.29 years identified for predicting outcomes.
Epilepsy surgery for postinfectious lesions: A review.
Epilepsy Behav
January 2025
Neuropediatric Clinic and Clinic for Neurorehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schoen-Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Cerebral infections lead to structural focal epilepsy, especially in developing countries, where they increase the risk of unprovoked seizures and brain damage during acute phases.
- Despite many patients suffering from drug-resistant epilepsy post-infection, only a few are referred for surgery, though those with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) from early life infections are strong candidates for temporal resections.
- While surgeries for infections like herpes simplex virus encephalitis are often less successful due to extensive brain damage, removing MTS along with calcified lesions can significantly improve outcomes in selected patients.
Herpetic encephalitis with autoimmune recurrence following cerebral aneurysm clipping.
BMJ Case Rep
November 2024
Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal.
Article Synopsis
- * Despite initial treatment, he later experienced psychosis and tremors, with subsequent MRI revealing new lesions and positive anti-NMDAR antibodies, indicating an autoimmune response.
- * Prompt recognition and treatment of post-surgical inflammatory processes are crucial, as herpetic encephalitis can potentially trigger anti-NMDAR encephalitis, requiring immediate medical intervention.
Broad Analysis of Serum and Intrathecal Antimicrobial Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis Underscores Unique Role of Epstein-Barr Virus.
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
January 2025
From the Department of Neurology (F.P., C.O., P.S., M.N., K.R.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Institute for Experimental Immunology (D.W., T.L., K.S., E.G.-G.), affiliated with EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Luebeck; and Molecular Neuroimmunology Group (B.W., S.J.), Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the relationship between the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and multiple sclerosis (MS) by analyzing the presence of antibodies against EBV and other common microbes in patients with MS, revealing a universal EBV seroprevalence among participants.
- - A total of 50 MS patients were tested for antibodies in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, finding that while all patients were EBV positive, the production of specific antibodies in the CSF was significantly lower for EBV compared to other viruses like measles and VZV.
- - The results indicate that even though almost all MS patients have been exposed to EBV, the actual production of antibodies against EBV in the central
When the Mind Fails: A Mysterious Case of Concurrent Neurosyphilis, Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis, and Suspected Autoimmune Encephalitis.
Cureus
October 2024
Infectious Disease, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - HSV encephalitis is a leading cause of sporadic viral encephalitis, which can be serious and even fatal if not treated quickly; this case study highlights its impact.
- - A 65-year-old man presented with acute respiratory issues and altered mental status after experiencing months of cognitive decline, leading to a diagnosis involving HSV, neurosyphilis, and possible autoimmune encephalitis.
- - The case emphasizes the complexity of diagnosing and treating conditions that might involve multiple factors, highlighting the need for careful testing and prompt treatment with antivirals and antibiotics.
Encephalitis: intersections between infections and autoimmunity.
Clin Microbiol Infect
November 2024
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Encephalitis Center, Johns Hopkin School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe St., Meyer 6-113, Baltimore, MD 21212, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Encephalitis is a serious condition that can result from infections or autoimmune responses, with increasing recognition of the role of anti-neuronal antibodies in autoimmune cases.
- The review highlights similarities and differences in clinical features, causes, and treatment methods for infectious and autoimmune encephalitis.
- Despite advancements in understanding these conditions, diagnosing them remains difficult due to overlapping symptoms, and more comprehensive clinical trials are needed to explore effective treatments.
Heterozygous Predicted Loss-of-function Variants of TRAF3 in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency.
J Clin Immunol
November 2024
Translational Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- TRAF3 is an adaptor protein involved in immune signaling pathways, and deficiencies in TRAF3 can lead to serious health issues, like recurrent infections and autoimmune conditions.
- A recent study reanalyzed genetic data from patients with immune disorders and discovered three new cases of TRAF3 mutations, which had previously been misdiagnosed as common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).
- These findings highlight the importance of targeted genetic reanalysis in understanding different clinical presentations of TRAF3 deficiency, and they provide new insights for further research on immune-related diseases.
Identification of NECTIN1 as a novel restriction factor for flavivirus infection.
mBio
December 2024
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Article Synopsis
- NECTIN1 is a cell adhesion molecule known mainly for its interaction with herpesviruses, but this study reveals its new role as a barrier against flavivirus infections, specifically BVDV.
- The researchers found that reducing NECTIN1 levels increased BVDV infections and identified NECTIN1's IgV domain as crucial for its inhibiting function, affecting how BVDV attaches to cells.
- The study also showed NECTIN1’s broader antiviral activity against several other viruses, highlighting its potential significance as a restriction factor in controlling flavivirus infections.
A Rare Presentation of Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis With Ischemic Stroke and Associated Acyclovir-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.
Cureus
October 2024
Biochemistry, Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, PAK.
Article Synopsis
- - A 26-year-old woman developed encephalitis that progressed to stroke, prompting the initiation of intravenous acyclovir treatment, which resulted in acute kidney injury (AKI).
- - After adjusting the acyclovir dosage and eventually stopping it, her kidney function improved, and she was able to complete a reduced 10-day course of the medication, showing overall health improvement, though with some residual weakness and speech issues.
- - This case highlights the need for careful monitoring and management to prevent acyclovir-induced AKI, and it also documents a rare complication—ischemic stroke—associated with herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE).
Genetic defects of brain immunity in childhood herpes simplex encephalitis.
Nature
November 2024
St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) is a serious viral brain infection that primarily affects children, with genetic factors playing a significant role in some cases.
- About 8-10% of childhood HSE cases are linked to specific genetic mutations, allowing for innovative diagnostic and treatment strategies.
- The review highlights how the brain's antiviral defense mechanisms, including both known and newly discovered pathways, are compromised in HSE, emphasizing the importance of neuron-specific immunity beyond just traditional immune cells.
Genital Herpes: Rapid Evidence Review.
Am Fam Physician
November 2024
Eglin Air Force Base Family Medicine Residency Program in Florida.
Article Synopsis
- - Genital herpes, caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 or 2, is a lifelong sexually transmitted infection affecting over 500 million people globally, with no available vaccines for prevention.
- - It is characterized by painful genital lesions and flu-like symptoms; diagnosis is typically made through laboratory tests like PCR or viral culture.
- - Treatment includes antiviral medications to manage outbreaks and reduce transmission, and pregnant individuals with a history of genital herpes are advised to start antiviral therapy at 36 weeks and may require a cesarean section if lesions are present.
Parenteral aciclovir for suspected herpes simplex virus infection in children: 0-18 years.
J Antimicrob Chemother
November 2024
Infection Management and Prevention Service, The Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- A study reviewed medical records from eight hospitals in Australia and New Zealand examining how intravenous aciclovir is prescribed for suspected herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease in neonates and older children between January and December 2019.
- Out of 1,426 patients, most received aciclovir for suspected cases without definitive HSV testing; notably, only a small fraction had confirmed diagnoses among older children, indicating potentially excessive and unjustified prescribing.
- Among the patients, adverse effects included instances of nephrotoxicity and extravasation injuries, raising concerns about the safety and necessity of such treatments in the pediatric population.
West Nile virus encephalitis: Clinical characteristics and a comparison to other infectious encephalitides.
J Neurol Sci
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Encephalitis Center, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to compare the functional outcomes of adults with acute infectious encephalitis, focusing on West Nile virus encephalitis (WNVE) compared to other types such as VZV and HSV1.
- A total of 105 patients were analyzed, revealing that WNVE and VZV patients were generally older and had worse clinical outcomes at discharge compared to HSV1 patients.
- Notably, WNVE exhibited a pronounced inflammatory response, and the findings suggest a prevalence of WNVE and VZV over HSV1, highlighting the need for further research on West Nile virus infections.
Encephalitis: playing with (bio)fire.
Clin Infect Dis
November 2024
Johns Hopkins Encephalitis Center, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland, USA.
Sinus node dysfunction preceding herpes simplex encephalitis: A case report.
J Cardiol Cases
November 2024
Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Nagoya, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- - A 72-year-old man with faintness was diagnosed with sick sinus syndrome and experienced an Adams-Stokes attack, leading to the implantation of a permanent pacemaker.
- - After developing seizures, CT scans revealed herpes simplex virus DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid, prompting immediate treatment with intravenous acyclovir.
- - Despite treatment, the patient's condition worsened with additional brain damage and ultimately led to death from aspiration pneumonia, highlighting the need to consider herpes encephalitis in cases of sinus node dysfunction.
Functional outcome after infectious encephalitis: a longitudinal multicentre prospective cohort study.
Clin Microbiol Infect
November 2024
INSERM, CIC 1414, Rennes, France; Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, CHU Ponchaillou, Rennes, France.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to analyze the long-term functional outcomes of patients who survived infectious encephalitis (IE) and identify risk factors linked to poor recovery.
- Researchers followed 322 patients over one year, assessing their recovery using the modified Rankin scale, and identified that many survivors experienced continued symptoms even after six months.
- Key risk factors for a worse functional outcome included older age, immunocompromised status, ICU admission, abnormal brain imaging, and specific viral infections like herpes simplex virus 1.
The herpes simplex virus alkaline nuclease is required to maintain replication fork progression.
J Virol
December 2024
Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - The herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) relies on its UL12 nuclease for effective DNA replication, as a mutant strain lacking UL12 (AN-1) shows normal replication but fails to package its DNA into infectious virus particles.
- - Researchers used a method called iPOND combined with SILAC to analyze protein interactions at DNA replication sites, discovering that AN-1 lacks 60 essential host replication proteins compared to the wild-type virus, KOS.
- - This study highlights how essential UL12 is for proper DNA replication fork function, as its absence leads to stalled replication processes, which could contribute to HSV-1-related complications in immunocompromised individuals.
An updated review of HSV-1 infection-associated diseases and treatment, vaccine development, and vector therapy application.
Virulence
December 2024
Department of Endocrine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
Article Synopsis
- * Antiviral therapies are the main treatment options for HSV-1, and promising vaccine developments include live attenuated, protein subunit, and nucleic acid vaccines that aim to prevent infections.
- * The virus can also be modified for therapeutic uses, such as in gene therapy and cancer immunotherapy, making it a versatile subject for research and medical applications.
Article Synopsis
- * Conducted at Asia University Hospital, the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from 19 patients found that 10.5% tested positive for viral infections, with herpes simplex virus-1 and Varicella zoster virus identified.
- * The findings highlight the FilmArray ME panel's effectiveness in providing quick and accurate diagnoses, leading to faster clinical treatment and potentially better patient outcomes.
Virus-Induced Voracity: Uncovering Hyperphagia Post-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1.
Case Rep Neurol
October 2024
Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Article Synopsis
- HSV-1 is a major cause of fatal encephalitis, often presenting with symptoms like fever, headache, seizures, and focal neurological deficits; hyperphagia, an increased appetite, is a rare complication.
- A 25-year-old woman with a history of meningitis experienced severe neurological symptoms, MRI showed abnormalities in her temporal lobes, and CSF analysis confirmed an HSV-1 infection, leading to treatment with acyclovir.
- The case illustrates that hyperphagia can occur as a standalone symptom of HSV encephalitis, highlighting the need for specialized treatment approaches and the importance of early diagnosis to avoid serious complications.
Etiology of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Adults in a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Am J Trop Med Hyg
October 2024
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Article Synopsis
- A study conducted at Banaras Hindu University aimed to identify the causes of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in adults, an area previously under-researched compared to studies focused on children and the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV).
- The research involved collecting blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients older than 18 with fever and altered sensorium, employing various diagnostic tests for different infections.
- The findings revealed that tuberculous meningitis (TBM) was the most common cause of AES (16.7%), followed by leptospirosis (15.1%) and scrub typhus (11.9%), emphasizing the need for rapid detection and treatment of these conditions.