Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion for Severe, Left-Sided Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: The North American Fetal Therapy Network Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion Consortium Experience.

Objective: To report the outcomes of fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion in a multicenter North American cohort of patients with isolated, left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and to compare neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia who underwent fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion with those expectantly managed.

Methods: We analyzed data from 10 centers in the NAFTNet (North American Fetal Therapy Network) FETO (Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion) Consortium registry, collected between November 1, 2008, and December 31, 2020. In addition to reporting procedure-related surgical outcomes of fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion, we performed a comparative analysis of fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion compared with contemporaneous expectantly managed patients.

A multicenter evaluation of pediatric emergency department injury visits during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Injuries, the leading cause of death in children 1-17 years old, are often preventable. Injury patterns are impacted by changes in the child's environment, shifts in supervision, and caregiver stressors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and proportion of injuries, mechanisms, and severity seen in Pediatric Emergency Departments (PEDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fatty acid concentrations in preterm infants fed the exclusive human milk diet: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: Quantify blood fatty acids and growth outcomes in preterm infants fed the exclusive human milk diet.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of 30 infants 24-34 weeks gestation and ≤1250 g fed the exclusive human milk diet. Blood fatty acids were quantified at two time points.

Normative computed tomography angiography values of the main and branch pulmonary arteries in children.

Non-invasive cardiac imaging like echocardiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), and computed tomography angiography (CTA) play a key role in the diagnosis, aid in management and follow-up of congenital heart disease patients. Normative data for intracardiac and extracardiac vascular structures in children are currently available for echocardiogram, CMR, and non-gated CTA. We sought to establish systolic and diastolic normative data for main and branch pulmonary arteries in children using electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated CTA.

Best practice recommendations for the management of anxiety during the pegvaliase journey.

Background: Pegvaliase, an enzyme substitution therapy, is a treatment option for phenylketonuria (PKU). Due to the neuropathophysiology and disease burden of PKU, individuals can experience baseline anxiety unrelated to pegvaliase therapy. In addition, there are aspects of pegvaliase therapy that may be anxiety-inducing for those considering or receiving treatment.

Experiences and preferences for learning about neonatal research: insights from parent interviews.

Introduction: Parents struggle with being asked to participate in neonatal research. Past work has largely failed to include views of minoritized parents, low-socioeconomic status parents, and those who declined research. We aimed to describe parents' preferences related to learning about eligibility for neonatal research.

Special Considerations in Behavioral Assessments for Disorders of Consciousness.

Behavioral assessment remains the cornerstone of the clinical evaluation of disorders of consciousness (DoC). Because the basic approach to these evaluations has been extensively reviewed elsewhere, this article focuses on special considerations in the behavioral assessment of patients with a DoC. All therapy disciplines (physical therapy/occupational therapy/speech language pathologist) have a significant role to play and other staff and family members should also be encouraged to share their observations.

Invasive Group A Streptococcus in Infants Less Than 1-year of Age From 2012 to 2022: A Single-Center Experience.

The incidence of invasive Group A Streptococcus (iGAS) has varied throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We reviewed iGAS infections in infants ≤1 year from 2012 to 2022. Twenty-five percent of cases occurred in the last quarter of 2022.

Evaluation of Helmeting Therapy Duration After Endoscopic Strip Craniectomy for Metopic and Sagittal Craniosynostosis.

Introduction: Endoscopic strip craniectomy (ESC) is a minimally invasive option for early surgical treatment of metopic (MC) and sagittal craniosynostosis (SC). For ESC, however, the postoperative duration and compliance of helmet therapy are crucial to correct MC and SC asymmetry. The purpose of this study is to assess the period of postoperative band therapy and determine differences, if any, between MC and SC.

Medical students' self-perceived knowledge and clinical comfort with genetics in Pakistan.

Pakistan has a high rate of genetic disorders and neonatal mortality concurrent with noted lack of genetic counselors and geneticists. To meet the needs of the patient population, the responsibility of providing clinical genetic services falls on general and specialty physicians. However, their education regarding these essential services is not standardized in medical school curricula nor has it ever been evaluated.

What About All the Recent "Negative" FFR Trials?

During the past 30 years, fractional flow reserve (FFR) has moved from animal models to class IA recommendations in guidelines. However, the FLOWER-MI, RIPCORD-2, FUTURE, and FAME 3 trials in 2021 were "negative"-has FFR exceeded its expiration date? We critically examine these randomized trials in order to draw insights not just about FFR but also about study design and interpretation. Are all randomized trials created equal? No, rather we must focus on discordant decisions between angiography and FFR and highlight clinical endpoints that can be improved by percutaneous coronary intervention instead of medical therapy.

Extracorporeal life support in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is the most common indication for ECLS in neonatal respiratory failure. The ultimate purpose of ECLS is to grant cardiopulmonary support, allowing time for operative intervention and optimization of cardiopulmonary function as the pathophysiologic processes of pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypoplasia, and ventricular dysfunction either improve or resolve. In CDH, ECLS plays a crucial role in the management of the most challenging patients, facilitating postnatal stabilization, allowing a ventilation strategy which minimizes barotrauma and volutrauma, and permitting treatment of and recovery from pulmonary hypertension and/or cardiac dysfunction.

Stroke Recovery Is a Journey: Prediction and Potentials of Motor Recovery after a Stroke from a Practical Perspective.

Stroke recovery is a journey. Stroke survivors can face many consequences that may last the rest of their lives. Assessment of initial impairments allows reasonable prediction of biological spontaneous recovery at 3 to 6 months for a majority of survivors.

Most Promising Approaches to Improve Stroke Outcomes: The Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable XII Workshop.

The Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable XII included a workshop to discuss the most promising approaches to improve outcome from acute stroke. The workshop brought together representatives from academia, industry, and government representatives. The discussion examined approaches in 4 epochs: pre-reperfusion, reperfusion, post-reperfusion, and access to acute stroke interventions.

Disability education and implications for genetic counselor training.

The genetic counseling (GC) community has faced criticism about the duality of promoting patient autonomy while also advocating for individuals with disabilities. This study assessed the attitudes of the disability community and GCs to identify content that should be included in GC disability education and evaluate the landscape of GC disability education. Members of the disability community and GCs completed an electronic survey distributed through electronic listservs and partnering organizations.

The spatiotemporal dynamics of semantic integration in the human brain.

Language depends critically on the integration of lexical information across multiple words to derive semantic concepts. Limitations of spatiotemporal resolution have previously rendered it difficult to isolate processes involved in semantic integration. We utilized intracranial recordings in epilepsy patients (n = 58) who read written word definitions.

Povidone-iodine intra-abdominal irrigation versus no irrigation in pediatric perforated appendicitis: A secondary economic analysis of a Bayesian randomized controlled trial.

Background: A pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted in children (2-17 ​y) with perforated appendicitis demonstrated an 89% probability of reduced intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) rate with povidone-iodine (PVI) irrigation, compared with no irrigation (NI). We hypothesized that PVI also reduced 30-day hospital costs.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective economic analysis of a pilot RCT.