[Christmas article: From diagnosis to delicacy: using MR and DXA scanners to roast Christmas duck].

Introduction: The holiday season poses a unique challenge for hospital staff, especially on night shifts, who must juggle their duties with preparing a festive Christmas meal. This study investigates the novel idea of using hospital MRI scanners to cook duck breasts during shifts. MRI scanners, which use magnetic fields and radiofrequency (RF) pulses for imaging, also generate heat, potentially suitable for cooking.

[Spontaneous coronary artery dissection].

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) presents a life-threatening condition, prevalent among young women, comprising up to 35% of acute coronary syndrome cases. It involves sudden, trauma-free splitting of coronary artery walls, reducing blood flow and mimicking symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Despite recent attention, treatment remains debated.

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Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with several clinical subtypes. Recent discoveries in the genetics and immunology of the disease, particularly in plaque psoriasis, have revolutionised the treatment of patients with psoriasis. An understanding of the differences in genetics and immunology between different psoriasis subtypes is emerging.

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Abuse of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) is associated with a range of cardiovascular side effects, summarized in this review. Apart from being linked to cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia, AAS abuse is associated with coronary atherosclerosis and imparts a pro-coagulative state, predisposing to thromboembolic disease. Finally, AAS abuse leads to left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction, which can ultimately result in heart failure.

[Not Available].

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is a syndrome consisting of symptoms (dyspnoea, fatigue, swelling) and/or signs of congestion (pulmonary crackles, oedema). It is caused by structural and/or functional pathologies, most commonly ischaemic heart disease, entailing elevated cardiac filling pressures and can result in low cardiac output. Medical treatment has evolved during the recent decades as outlined in this review, and a 4-pillar treatment strategy is recommended including a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocker or sacubitril/valsartan, a betablocker, a mineralocorticoid antagonist, and an SGLT2 inhibitor.

[Not Available].

Patients with heart disease often use or substitute their treatment with natural remedies, but the evidence for their cardiovascular effects, side effects, and interactions is generally weak. Many preparations have no documented cardiovascular benefits, while some have documented or potential harmful effects. Treating physicians should therefore be considerate of patients' potential usage of natural remedies, and actively engage with patients on this topic, as argued in this review.

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Direct current (DC) cardioversion is an everyday clinical procedure used to restore sinus rhythm from atrial fibrillation. This review summarises the current state of art in Denmark. Sufficient anticoagulation must be ensured before DC cardioversion to reduce the risk of thromboembolism.

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Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) remains a challenging aspect of managing patients with cancer. This review discusses evidence regarding anticoagulants in the treatment of CAT, with particular emphasis on direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). Apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban have proven attractive alternatives to low-molecular weight heparins, and interactions with medical cancer treatment does not pose a major challenge.

[Not Available].

Chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) are associated with reduced quality of life, an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality, and substantial healthcare costs. Diagnostic testing algorithms and treatment strategies for this condition have evolved significantly. Importantly, the results of several randomised controlled trials assessing invasive versus medical management of patients with CCS have recently been reported.

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Up to 70% of all sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) in persons under 50 years are due to inherited cardiovascular diseases. First-degree relatives to younger SCD patients should be evaluated for inherited cardiovascular disease, as argued in this review. An improved understanding of SCD subtypes and genetics is expected to improve risk stratification and SCD prevention.

[Not Available].

This review outlines the workflow for patients and relatives with suspected inherited cardiovascular disease, diagnostic criteria, inheritance patterns, and »red flags« for selected conditions. Evaluation for inherited cardiovascular disease typically includes the index patient (proband) and relatives, emphasizing the importance of assessment at specialized clinics. Most inherited cardiovascular conditions have an autosomal dominant inheritance, but other patterns are seen.

[Not Available].

Headache is one of the most common and disruptive pain manifestations in children and adolescents. This review examines the current evidence for the impact of primary headaches on well-being and quality of life in children with headaches. Several studies support that headaches cause a significant reduction in quality of life, which can be related to the headaches themselves and lead to limitations in family, social, and school activities.

[Not Available].

Developmental stuttering is characterized by early childhood onset with repetition of syllables, prolongations, and blockades as well as secondary behavioural abnormalities. Early therapy is important while there is no approved pharmacological approach. Studies associate developmental stuttering with dopamin surplus in the striatum causing dysfunction of cortical speech areas.

[Not Available].

Over the past decade, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has been implemented in cancer treatment. It has led to a significant improvement in the prognosis for many types of cancer. ICIs work by inducing the body's immune response against cancer cells.

Long-term risk factors of recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction and death in patients leaving hospital with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke or TIA.

. The prevalence of patients with prior stroke is increasing globally. Accordingly, there is a need for up-to-date evidence of patient-related prognostic factors for stroke recurrence, post stroke myocardial infarction (MI) and death based on long-term follow-up of stroke survivors.

[Not Available].

A correct diagnosis and treatment of fingertip- and nail injuries, commonly seen in the emergency room, is crucial. Insufficient treatment can result in long-term complications, including finger dysfunction and dysaesthesia, nail deformity, infection, or pain. These remaining problems may induce severe impairment of the quality of life of the patient.

[Not Available].

Orthopaedic surgical infections, in Denmark, are managed heterogeneously, both within the orthopaedic surgical and the clinical microbiological specialty. More uniform guidelines for sampling and clinical microbiological diagnostics for suspected orthopedic surgical infections would be appropriate. The purpose of this review is therefore to initiate a process aiming for consensus on sampling methods of tissue materials and fluids and clinical microbiological sample handling.