Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery in Childhood Prior to 1992: A Danish Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aim: Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery prior to 1992 in Denmark were at risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection through donor blood used in extracorporeal circulation. HCV screening became possible in donors in 1991, eliminating the risk of iatrogenic infections. No formalized screening has been conducted for patients receiving non-screened blood, potentially leaving some with undetected HCV infection.

A non-conditioned bone marrow transplantation mouse model to study clonal hematopoiesis and myeloid malignancies.

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a condition where blood or bone marrow cells carry mutations associated with hematological malignancies. Individuals with CHIP have an increased risk of developing hematological malignancies, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) of cells carrying CHIP mutations into irradiated mice are useful procedures to investigate the dynamics of clonal expansion and potential therapeutic strategies, but myeloablative conditioning can induce confounding effects.

Higher bone mineral density at six years of age in very preterm-born infants fed human milk compared to formula feeding. A secondary analysis of an RCT.

Unlabelled: In very preterm-born infants, nutritional intake is important to reduce the risk of severe metabolic bone disease including the risk of a lower bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD (measured as BMC per bone area (BA)) at six years of age in very preterm-born infants fed different diets post-discharge. Data on this topic so far is insufficient, and with this study we aim to supply more useful data.

Small Remnants versus Large Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: Small remnants may penetrate the arterial intima more efficiently compared to large triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL). We tested the hypothesis that the importance of remnant cholesterol for the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) may depend on the size of the remnants and TGRL carrying cholesterol.

Methods: The cholesterol content of small remnants and large TGRL were measured in 25 572 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study (2003-2015) and in 222 721 individuals from the UK Biobank (2006-2010) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

The role of the early-life gut microbiome in childhood asthma.

Asthma is a chronic disease affecting millions of children worldwide, and in severe cases requires hospitalization. The etiology of asthma is multifactorial, caused by both genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, the role of the early-life gut microbiome in relation to asthma has become apparent, supported by an increasing number of population studies, research, and intervention trials.

One day in Denmark: whole-genome sequence-based analysis of Escherichia coli isolates from clinical settings.

Background: WGS can potentially be routinely used in clinical microbiology settings, especially with the increase in sequencing accuracy and decrease in cost. Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial species analysed in those settings, thus fast and accurate diagnostics can lead to reductions in morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs.

Objectives: To evaluate WGS for diagnostics and surveillance in a collection of clinical E.

Arginase-1-specific T cells target and modulate tumor-associated macrophages.

Background: Arginase-1 (Arg1) expressing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) may create an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which is a significant challenge for cancer immunotherapy. We previously reported the existence of Arg1-specific memory T cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and described that Arg-1-based immune modulatory vaccines (IMVs) control tumor growth and alter the M1/M2 macrophage ratio in murine models of cancer. In the present study, we investigated how Arg1-specific T cells can directly target TAMs and influence their polarization.

1-year efficacy results after MR-guided risk-adapted stereotactic radiotherapy of infra-diaphragmatic oligometastases in a multicenter phase II trial.

Background And Purpose: The SOFT (Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy of infra-diaphragmatic sOFT tissue metastases) trial assesses the safety and efficacy of risk-adapted MR-guided stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) of infra-diaphragmatic soft tissue metastasis in patients with oligometastatic disease (OMD) (clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT04407897). This paper reports the one-year efficacy analysis and evaluates associations between local control (LC) and clinical and dosimetric parameters.

The Role of Environmental Factors Prior to Diagnosis on the Activity and Severity of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-Results From the Prospective Population-Based Copenhagen Inflammatory Bowel Disease Inception Cohort.

Background: The influence of environmental factors on the severity of early inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of environmental factors in the initial phenotype, activity, and severity of IBD.

Methods: Copenhagen IBD Inception Cohort is a prospective population-based cohort of patients with newly diagnosed IBD between May 2021 and May 2023.

Urinary Endotrophin and Long-term Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Background: Kidney fibrosis is a suggested cause of kidney failure and premature mortality. Because collagen type VI is closely linked to kidney fibrosis, we aimed to evaluate whether urinary endotrophin, a collagen type VI fragment, is associated with graft failure and mortality among kidney transplant recipients (KTR).

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, KTR with a functioning graft ≥1-y posttransplantation were recruited; 24-h urinary endotrophin excretion was measured using an ELISA method.

The role of nutritional vitamin D in CKD-MBD in children and adults with CKD, on dialysis and after kidney transplantation - a European consensus statement.

Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associates with poor outcomes. Current clinical practice guidelines recommend supplementation with nutritional vitamin D as for the general population. However, recent large-scale, clinical trials in the general population failed to demonstrate a benefit of vitamin D supplementation on skeletal or non-skeletal outcomes, fueling a debate on the rationale for screening for and correcting vitamin D deficiency, both in non-CKD and CKD populations.

Survival improvements in patients with melanoma brain metastases and leptomeningeal disease in the modern era: Insights from a nationwide study (2015-2022).

Introduction: Advances in modern therapies have improved outcomes for patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM), though prognosis remains poor. The optimal treatment strategy for patients who do not meet clinical trial inclusion criteria is unclear.

Methods: This study included all patients with MBM diagnosed in Denmark between 2015 and 2022, identified through the Danish Metastatic Melanoma Database (DAMMED) and local surgical and radiotherapy records.

Pharmacokinetic modeling of prenatal vitamin D exposure and the impact on offspring asthma and pulmonary function.

Gestational 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) is important in fetal lung development and may influence offspring respiratory outcomes, making accurate exposure assessment essential to understand clinical associations. Therefore, we used the combined data from two large RCTs investigating prenatal vitamin D supplementation, which included early and late prenatal 25(OH)D measurements, to refine a population pharmacokinetic model of vitamin D-25(OH)D and estimate individual area under the curve (AUC) Z-scores. The primary outcome was physician-diagnosed offspring asthma/wheezing at ages 3 and 6 years, and lung function, as a secondary outcome, was evaluated by spirometry at the ages 6 and 8 years.

Neoadjuvant or perioperative immunotherapy for resectable melanoma: The need for biomarkers.

Groundbreaking studies have reshaped the treatment landscape for patients with resectable stage ≥IIIB melanoma by demonstrating the benefits of neoadjuvant therapy. Data from the NADINA and SWOG S1801 trials reveal substantial improvements in event-free survival compared to adjuvant therapy alone. These studies employed distinct neoadjuvant immunotherapy approaches - ipilimumab plus nivolumab in NADINA and anti-PD-1 monotherapy in SWOG S1801 - highlighting potential differences in efficacy and toxicity.

An automatic cervical cell classification model based on improved DenseNet121.

The cervical cell classification technique can determine the degree of cellular abnormality and pathological condition, which can help doctors to detect the risk of cervical cancer at an early stage and improve the cure and survival rates of cervical cancer patients. Addressing the issue of low accuracy in cervical cell classification, a deep convolutional neural network A2SDNet121 is proposed. A2SDNet121 takes DenseNet121 as the backbone network.

Healthy lifestyle before and during pregnancy to prevent childhood obesity: study protocol for a parallel group randomised trial - the PRE-STORK trial.

Introduction: The global prevalence of people living with overweight has tripled since 1975 and more than 40% of Danish women enter pregnancy being overweight. With the increasing rates of obesity observed in children, adolescents and adults, there is an urgent need for preventive measures. Risk factors for childhood obesity include maternal overweight or obesity before conception and excessive weight gain during pregnancy.

European surgical societies rarely have recommendations for the treatment of appendicitis - a survey.

Purpose: Guidelines for management and treatment of appendicitis recommends the removal of a normal-looking appendix, but the recommendations are deemed as weak because they are based on low quality evidence. We aimed to provide an overview of the recommendations from the European societies or associations of surgeons regarding the treatment of acute appendicitis and especially recommendations for the macroscopically normal-looking appendix.

Methods: European surgical societies were contacted and sent an electronic questionnaire.

Barriers and new opportunities in developing effective therapies for diabetic neuropathy: International expert consensus recommendations.

Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) affects up to half of individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Despite evidence that improving metabolic and cardiovascular health can slow its progression, DN remains a significant clinical challenge due to the lack of disease-modifying therapies and effective pain management strategies. This consensus aimed to identify gaps and recommend strategies to address these challenges.

Long-term impact of emergency laparotomy on health-related quality of life.

Purpose: Emergency laparotomy can result in a range of physical and neuropsychiatric postoperative complaints, potentially impacting quality of life. This study aimed to assess the effect of emergency laparotomy on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and how HRQoL influences the risk of readmission.

Method: HRQoL was assessed in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy during a 1-year period.

Longitudinal Metabolomics Data Analysis Informed by Mechanistic Models.

: Metabolomics measurements are noisy, often characterized by a small sample size and missing entries. While data-driven methods have shown promise in terms of analyzing metabolomics data, e.g.

Definition of a European pre-vasectomy scoring system to identify patients at risk of vasectomy regret.

Introduction: Vasectomy is a widely used, safe, effective method of permanent contraception and contributes to healthy sexuality.

Aims: We have conducted a 3-step observational clinical study to develop a vasectomy regret risk score and guide patients and clinicians when discussing a vasectomy.

Methods: A 3-step approach has been followed.