Determinants of cancer screenings participation in Queensland: a scoping review.

Introduction Cancer screening programmes for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer have successfully reduced mortality rates among target groups. However, a large proportion of women and men are unscreened. Aim This review aims to provide an overview of the literature regarding the determinants of cancer screening participation among target groups in Queensland.

Effectiveness of dry hydrogen peroxide in reducing air and surface bioburden in a multicenter clinical setting.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of dry hydrogen peroxide (DHP) in reducing environmental bioburden in occupied areas.

Design: Prospective environmental cohort study.

Setting: The study was conducted in 2 tertiary-care hospitals and 1 free-standing emergency department.

Nature and extent of disruptions to staff clinical supervision practices in health care settings due to COVID-19: A survey study.

Objective: To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical supervision practices of health care workers in health care settings in one Australian state.

Method: A bespoke survey was developed and administered online using Qualtrics™. The survey consisted of Likert scale and closed questions, with options for free text comments.

Characteristics of perceived effective telesupervision practices: A case study of supervisees and supervisors.

Introduction: Many healthcare workers have switched from face-to-face clinical supervision to telesupervision since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the rise in prevalence of telesupervision and continuing remote working arrangements, telesupervision is no longer only limited to rural areas. As this remains an under-investigated area, this study aimed to explore supervisor and supervisee first hand experiences of effective telesupervision.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on student supervision and education in health care settings: A state-wide survey of health care workers.

Objective: To investigate student supervisor experiences of supervising students on clinical placements since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Studies on the impact of COVID-19 on student clinical placements have focused largely on student reports and have been specific to individual professions or topic areas. There is a need to investigate student supervisor experiences.

Implementing best practice occupational therapist-led environmental assessment and modification to prevent falls: A qualitative study of two regional and rural public health services in Australia.

Background: Occupational therapist-led environmental assessment and modification (EAM) is effective in reducing falls for populations at high risk. Two regional and rural public health services in Queensland devised an implementation strategy to embed best practice occupational therapist-led EAM.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted to compare the determinants of implementation success across the different health services, using the COM-B model of behaviour change.

Engaging with a rural Aboriginal community to identify strategies to improve oral health within their community: a qualitative study.

Background: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders bear a higher burden of oral disease compared to non-Indigenous persons. Rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities are further disadvantaged due to service access difficulties. This study, initiated by community concern for oral health identified through its Health Action Group, aimed to explore a rural Aboriginal community's strategies to resolve oral health problems.

Efficacy of Eravacycline Best Previously Available Therapy for Adults With Pneumonia Due to Difficult-to-Treat Resistant (DTR) .

Background: Multidrug-resistant remains challenging to treat. Although eravacycline has activity against this pathogen, there are no studies evaluating outcomes.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of eravacycline compared with best previously available therapy in adults with difficult-to-treat resistant (DTR) pneumonia.

Rebooting effective clinical supervision practices to support healthcare workers through and following the COVID-19 pandemic.

The importance of clinical supervision, a professional support and clinical governance mechanism, to patients, healthcare workers and organizations has been well documented. Clinical supervision has been shown to support healthcare workers during challenging times, by reducing burnout, enhancing mental health and wellbeing at work, and improving job satisfaction. However, clinical supervision participation and effectiveness are pre-requisites for realising these benefits.

Managing oral health care and prevention: The experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders living in a rural community in Queensland, Australia.

Objective: To understand the experience of rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in engaging with oral health care services and programs in order to support the development of oral health services and prevention programs that better meet their needs.

Design: The study used a qualitative research design, which aims to describe participants' lived experience of engaging with oral health services and prevention programs in a rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 participants.

Factors influencing the perceived importance of oral health within a rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community in Australia.

Background: Indigenous Australians suffer from higher rates of oral disease and have more untreated dental problems and tooth extractions than the general population. Indigenous Australians also have lower rates of accessing oral health services and are more likely to visit for a problem rather than a check-up. Multiple issues effect health service and prevention programs including: characteristics of health services such as distances to health services; existence of social and cultural barriers; available wealth and social support; and, characteristics of the individual and community including the importance given to the disease.

Occupational therapist led environmental assessment and modification to prevent falls: Review of current practice in an Australian rural health service.

Introduction: Environmental assessment and modification is an effective approach to reducing falls, particularly when provided by occupational therapists to high risk populations. Environmental assessment and modification has been incorporated into many national and international falls prevention guidelines, however, evidence suggests that it is not being implemented in practice. The aim of this study is to identify factors that support the local adoption of best practice environmental assessment for falls prevention within a rural health service.

Predicting Malignancy Risk of Screen-Detected Lung Nodules-Mean Diameter or Volume.

Objective: In lung cancer screening practice low-dose computed tomography, diameter, and volumetric measurement have been used in the management of screen-detected lung nodules. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of nodule malignancy risk prediction tools using diameter or volume and between computer-aided detection (CAD) and radiologist measurements.

Methods: Multivariable logistic regression models were prepared by using data from two multicenter lung cancer screening trials.

An integrated oral health program for rural residential aged care facilities: a mixed methods comparative study.

Background: People in residential aged care facilities (RACF) are at very high risk of developing complex oral diseases and dental problems. A multidisciplinary approach incorporating oral health professionals and RACF staff is important for improving and sustaining oral health in RACFs. However, difficulties exist with access to oral health services for RACFs, particularly those in regional and rural areas.

Integrated approach to oral health in aged care facilities using oral health practitioners and teledentistry in rural Queensland.

Problem: Residents of residential aged care facilities are at very high risk of developing complex oral diseases and dental problems. Key barriers exist in delivering oral health services to residential aged care facilities, particularly in regional and rural areas.

Design: A quality improvement study incorporating pre- and post chart audits and pre- and post consultation with key stakeholders, including staff and residents, expert opinion on cost estimates and field notes were used.

Interdisciplinary Family Conferences to Improve Patient Experience in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Parents play a significant role in the development of their neonate. They can affect the length of stay in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and are seen as an integral part of the team. Parents are often put in positions where difficult decision making is required of them in the care of their critically ill child.

Use of Evidence-Based Therapy for Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Canadian Outpatients With Atrial Fibrillation: From the Facilitating Review and Education to Optimize Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (FREEDOM AF) and Co-ordinated National Network to Engage Physicians in the Care and Treatment of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (CONNECT AF).

Using data collected from 2 national atrial fibrillation (AF) primary care physician chart audits (Facilitating Review and Education to Optimize Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation [FREEDOM AF] and Co-ordinated National Network to Engage Physicians in the Care and Treatment of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [CONNECT AF]), we evaluated the frequency of, and factors associated with, the use of cardiovascular (CV) evidence-based therapies in Canadian AF outpatients with at least 1 CV risk factor or co-morbidity. Of the 11,264 patients enrolled, 9,495 (84.3%) were eligible for one or more CV evidence-based therapies.

Risk stratification and stroke prevention therapy care gaps in Canadian atrial fibrillation patients (from the Co-ordinated National Network to Engage Physicians in the Care and Treatment of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation chart audit).

The objectives of this national chart audit (January to June 2013) of 6,346 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF; ≥18 years without a significant heart valve disorder) from 647 primary care physicians were to (1) describe the frequency of stroke and bleed risk assessments in patients with nonvalvular AF by primary care physicians, including the accuracy of these assessments relative to established predictive indexes; (2) outline contemporary methods of anticoagulation used; and (3) report the time in the therapeutic range among patients prescribed warfarin. An annual stroke risk assessment was not undertaken in 15% and estimated without a formal risk tool in 33%; agreement with CHADS2 score estimation was seen in 87% of patients. Major bleeding risk assessment was not undertaken in 25% and estimated without a formal risk tool in 47%; agreement with HAS-BLED score estimation was observed in 64% with physician overestimation in 26% of patients.

Plasma pro-surfactant protein B and lung function decline in smokers.

Plasma pro-surfactant protein B (pro-SFTPB) levels have recently been shown to predict the development of lung cancer in current and ex-smokers, but the ability of pro-SFTPB to predict measures of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity is unknown. We evaluated the performance characteristics of pro-SFTPB as a biomarker of lung function decline in a population of current and ex-smokers. Plasma pro-SFTPB levels were measured in 2503 current and ex-smokers enrolled in the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer Study.

Improving the social cognitive deficits of schizophrenia: a community trial of Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT).

Objective: Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) is a Cognitive and Behavioural Therapy (CBT) informed group therapy with an emerging evidence base in addressing the social cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. This paper evaluates the application of this therapy within a community public mental health setting in Australia.

Method: A mixed methods approach to the evaluation was undertaken, including survey data and thematic analysis.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for total joint replacement surgery: results of a survey of Canadian orthopedic surgeons.

Background: The role of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in total joint replacement (TJR) surgery is well established. Whereas guidelines have been published in some countries, in Canada controversy persists concerning the best clinical practice for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in TJR.

Methods: We conducted a survey of 590 practising orthopedic surgeons performing TJR in Canada to assess current antibiotic prophylaxis practice.

Primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the breast arising in reconstruction mammoplasty capsule of saline filled breast implant after radical mastectomy for breast cancer: an unusual case presentation.

Background: Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the breast represents 0.04-0.5% of malignant lesions of the breast and accounts for 1.

Spectrum of microbial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients: implications for selection of the population for enrollment in clinical trials.

The title of this article implies that knowledge of the etiological pathogen may be useful in selection of patients for clinical trials for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, this remains to be seen. The clinical course of a patient with CAP admitted to the hospital but not to the intensive care unit depends on a number of variables, including the patient, the pathogen, and the hospital itself.