Nanoization of Technical Pesticides: Facile and Smart Pesticide Nanocapsules Directly Encapsulated through "On Site" Metal-Polyphenol Coordination Assembly for Improved Efficacy and Biosafety.

Facile pesticide nanocapsules were successfully prepared by directly encapsulating the antisolvent precipitation of pesticides through instantaneous "on site" coordination assembly of tannic acid and Fe, avoiding tedious preparation, time consumption, and large amounts of organic solvents. The pesticide nanocapsules showed excellent resistance to ultraviolet photolysis and rainwater washing owing to the nanocapsule walls. The smart pesticide nanocapsules exhibited the controlled release of pesticides under multidimensional stimuli, such as acidic/alkaline pH, glutathione, HO, phytic acid, laccase, tannase, and sunlight, which were related to the physiological and natural environments of crops, pests, and pathogens.

LWheatNet: a lightweight convolutional neural network with mixed attention mechanism for wheat seed classification.

Introduction: With the advent of technologies such as deep learning in agriculture, a novel approach to classifying wheat seed varieties has emerged. However, some existing deep learning models encounter challenges, including long processing times, high computational demands, and low classification accuracy when analyzing wheat seed images, which can hinder their ability to meet real-time requirements.

Methods: To address these challenges, we propose a lightweight wheat seed classification model called LWheatNet.

Genome-wide identification of the Sec14 gene family and the response to salt and drought stress in soybean (Glycine max).

Background: The Sec14 domain is an ancient lipid-binding domain that evolved from yeast Sec14p and performs complex lipid-mediated regulatory functions in subcellular organelles and intracellular traffic. The Sec14 family is characterized by a highly conserved Sec14 domain, and is ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells and has diverse functions. However, the number and characteristics of Sec14 homologous genes in soybean, as well as their potential roles, remain understudied.

Exploring the Effects of Polysaccharides on the Fecal Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites of Fattening Pigs Based on 16S rDNA and Metabolome Sequencing.

Sixty Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) castrated male finishing pigs were randomly divided into negative control (NC) and polysaccharides (GLP) groups to study the effects of GLP on the fecal microbiota and fecal metabolites of fattening pigs. The NC group was fed a basic diet, and the GLP group was fed a basic diet supplemented with 0.1% GLP.

Active starch-based film using polyvinyl alcohol and chlorogenic acid for strawberry preservation: A comparative analysis of mechanical, barrier, and antibacterial properties.

The broad application of starch films has been significantly limited by their insufficient hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity. To overcome these challenges, this study developed a new starch film by incorporating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chlorogenic acid. The study explored the impact of PVA polymerization on the physical and functional characteristics of the resulting films, with particular emphasis on enhancing antimicrobial functionality by incorporating chlorogenic acid.

Plant Coping with Cold Stress: Molecular and Physiological Adaptive Mechanisms with Future Perspectives.

Cold stress strongly hinders plant growth and development. However, the molecular and physiological adaptive mechanisms of cold stress tolerance in plants are not well understood. Plants adopt several morpho-physiological changes to withstand cold stress.

Glutaric anhydride esterification promotes wheat starch/glutein composite gel interaction: Formation, characterization, and oleogel applications.

This study constructed a composite system with different ratios (100:0, 95:5, 90:10, and 80:20) of glutein compounded with various esterified starch (3 % and 6 %). The results demonstrated that the esterification process enhanced the viscosity of the starch gel system. Furthermore, the optimal esterification level (3 %) facilitated the formation of a dense composite gel network, as observed through microstructure observation.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of gallic acid in beverages based on nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotube networks embellished with cobalt 2-methylimidazole nanoparticles.

This work presents a convenient and easy-to-operate method for synthesizing the functionally integrated nanocomposite of nitrogen-doped multi walled carbon nanotube networks (N-CNTs) and cobalt 2-methylimidazole (ZIF-67) nanoparticles. The N-CNTs@ZIF-67 nanocomposite was utilized to design a novel electrochemical sensing platform for detecting gallic acid (GA). The N-CNTs@ZIF-67 modified glass carbon electrode (GCE) demonstrated high sensitivity for GA electrochemical detection (LOD: 10.

Unveiling the genetic architecture of barley embryo: QTL mapping, candidate genes identification and its relationship with kernel size and early vigour.

In this first QTL mapping study of embryo size in barley, novel and stable QTL were identified and candidate genes underlying a significant locus independent of kernel size were identified based on orthologous analysis and comparison of the whole-genome assemblies for both parental genotypes of the mapping population. Embryo, also known as germ, in cereal grains plays a crucial role in plant development. The embryo accounts for only a small portion of grain weight but it is rich in nutrients.

Emamectin Benzoate and Microplastics Led to Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Common Carp via Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Protein Synthesis and Degradation Imbalance.

Pesticides and plastics have brought convenience to agricultural production and daily life, but they have also led to environmental pollution through residual chemicals. Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is among the most widely used insecticides, which can cause environmental pollution and harm the health of organisms. Additionally, microplastics (MPs), a relatively new type of pollutant, not only are increasing in residual amounts within water bodies and aquatic organisms but also exacerbate pollution by adsorbing other pollutants, leading to a mixed pollution scenario.

The wheat NLR pair RXL/Pm5e confers resistance to powdery mildew.

Powdery mildew poses a significant threat to global wheat production and most cloned and deployed resistance genes for wheat breeding encode nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors. Although two genetically linked NLRs function together as an NLR pair have been reported in other species, this phenomenon has been relatively less studied in wheat. Here, we demonstrate that two tightly linked NLR genes, RXL and Pm5e, arranged in a head-to-head orientation, function together as an NLR pair to mediate powdery mildew resistance in wheat.

Salicylic acid mitigates the physiological and biochemistry toxicity of fungicide difenoconazole and reduces its accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Continuous misuse of difenoconazole (DFZ) results in farmland contamination, posing risks to crops and human health. Salicylic acid (SA) has been shown to enhance plant resistance and reduce pesticide phytotoxicity and accumulation. However, whether SA effectively reduces DFZ phytotoxicity and accumulation and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Physio-biochemical and molecular mechanisms of low nitrogen stress tolerance in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Nitrogen (N) is a major plant nutrient and its deficiency can arrest plant growth. However, how low-N stress impair plant growth and its related tolerance mechanisms in peanut seedlings has not yet been explored. To counteract this issue, a hydroponic study was conducted to explore low N stress (0.

A practical fluorometric and colorimetric dual-mode sensing platform based on two-dimensional porous organic nanosheets for rapid determination of trifluralin.

Trifluralin, a widely used dinitroaniline herbicide, poses significant toxic risks, necessitating the development of rapid detection methods for food safety. In this study, we prepared ultrathin two-dimensional triphenylamine porous organic nanosheets (TPA-PONs) through a facile liquid-phase exfoliation process. The TPA-PONs, characterized by their exceptional fluorescence properties and nanoscale thickness (1.

Functional analysis of key members affecting egg production in the transglutaminase gene family in chickens.

The transglutaminase (TGMs) family plays a crucial role in regulating mammalian reproduction, yet its impact on poultry reproductive traits has not been extensively studied. In this study, we identified eight members of the TGMs family in chickens and examined the contributions of genetic variations of coagulation factor XIII A chain (F13A1), transglutaminase 4 (TGM4), and LOC101749664 to selective breeding in commercial layers through genetic variation response pattern analysis. Transcriptome data from various tissues of high- and low-egg-yielding Gushi chickens revealed significant positive correlations between the mRNA expression levels of TGM4 and F13A1 genes and egg production (P < 0.

Overexpression of CYP6CY1 is Involved in Imidacloprid Resistance in Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi) (Homoptera: Aphidae).

Sitobion miscanthi is a wheat aphid species that can damage seriously agricultural production. The effective management of wheat aphids has depended on chemical insecticides. However, their wide application led to severe resistance of wheat aphids to some insecticides, and cytochrome P450 as a detoxifying enzyme plays a crucial role in the insecticide resistance.

Seed pretreatment with cloquintocet-mexyl protects wheat seedlings from fomesafen injury by promoting photosynthesis and decreasing oxidative stress.

Background: Fomesafen is a selective herbicide widely used to control post-emergent broad-leaf weeds in soybean and peanut fields. Because of its persistent nature in soil, it can suppress subsequent crops, including wheat. There is limited information focusing on methods of protecting wheat from fomesafen injury by soil residue.

Adaptive responses of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in acidic broth and fruit juices: Focus on the influences of organic acids and temperature conditions.

Acid adaptive response (AAR) is a survival mechanism that allows bacteria to develop enhanced stress tolerance. Our previous research identified AAR in Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, a thermo-acidophilic bacterium responsible for fruit juice spoilage. However, the roles of specific acidulants, adaptive temperatures, and acidic juice matrices in triggering AAR remain elusive.

Research of carrying mechanism between β-lactoglobulin and linoleic acid: Effects on protein structure and oxidative stability of linoleic acid.

Spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking were employed to explore the binding mechanism and structural characteristics of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) with linoleic acid. The research revealed that the interaction between β-lg and linoleic acid was primarily governed by static quenching. The attachment of linoleic acid to β-lg happened naturally via hydrophobic forces.

Effects of Trichinella spiralis and its serine protease inhibitors on intestinal mucosal barrier function.

Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic nematode that poses significant public health risks and causes substantial economic losses. Understanding its invasion mechanisms is crucial.

Dichlormid protect wheat from fomesafen residual injury by increasing PPO expression and the photosynthesis characterize.

Fomesafen is a herbicide with long persistence in soil, causing damage to succeeding crops. Dichlormid is a widely used safener protecting maize from chloroacetanilide and thiocarbamate injury. We found that dichlormid treatment could restore the growth of wheat seedlings exposed to fomesafen stress.

Characterization and Pickering emulsifying ability of leaf polysaccharides.

Herein, leaf polysaccharides (ANPs) were isolated, identified, and used as a particle emulsifier to stabilize Pickering emulsions. ANP was identified as a polysaccharide with a weight-average molecular weight of 383.10 ± 8.

The mechanism of alkali to inhibit the organics polymerization in improving the biodegradability of wastewater treated by heat/peroxydisulfate.

High-temperature wastewaters can themselves activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) to remove aromatic contaminants via polymerization. This, however, may result in an insufficient carbon source for denitrification during biochemical treatment, and the formed polymers, without a proper reuse method, will be costly to handle as hazardous waste. This study demonstrates that the addition of NaOH can suppress the polymerization of aromatic contaminants, which is observed not only in simulated wastewater but also in actual coking wastewater (ACW).

Sugar boiling pre-treatment improves radio frequency explosion puffing quality on modifying the physicochemical and functional properties of purple sweet potato flour.

The effects of sugar boiling pretreatment (SBP) with different maltitol concentrations (20 %, 30 %, and 40 %) and boiling time (0 - 6 min) on the physicochemical and functional properties of purple sweet potato flour and the radiofrequency explosion puffing (RFEP) quality were investigated. The results showed that the volume ratio, crispness, anthocyanin retention rate and overall acceptability of the samples were maximized after boiling for 6 min at 40 % maltitol concentration achieving increases of 78.63 %, 437.

Development and reproduction of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on the 3 artificial diets in the laboratory.

Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a major pest of many fruit trees. The large-scale artificial propagation technology of the insect is the basis for the field application of the sterile insect technique and biological control products based on host mass reproduction. However, a low-cost diet with easily accessible materials remains lacking.