Construction and microencapsulation of tea polyphenols W/O/W double emulsion based on modified gluten (MEG).

The objective of this study was to solve instability and low bioavailability of tea polyphenols (TPs), and to explore the application of gluten protein as microcapsule wall material. Modified gluten protein (MEG), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), xanthan gum (XG) or acacia gum (GA) were used as composite wall materials to encapsulate TPs by double-emulsion technique, and the physicochemical and structural properties of the products were characterized. The results show that the composite wall material effectively encapsulated and enhanced the stability of TPs.

Effects of salt ions and pH on deamidated soybean protein hydrogels formation: Molecular structure, thermal aggregation and network.

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of environmental factors (salt ions and pH) on the thermal gelation process of deamidated soy protein isolate (DSPI). The results indicated that with increasing salt ion concentration, DSPI assembled into larger aggregates, which were more prone to aggregation in thermal reactions, ultimately forming a gel network with higher viscoelasticity. The strength enhancement of ion-induced gel networks followed the order from highest to lowest: Ca > Mg > Na.

Optimization of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry parameters based on LC-QQQ: A case study on lysinoalanine.

Lysinoalanine (LAL), commonly formed in high-protein foods, raises concerns due to its nephrotoxicity and potential reduction in nutritional properties, making its accurate detection crucial for food safety. Liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ) plays a pivotal role in the quantification of compounds, and its accuracy and sensitivity are significantly influenced by specific liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) parameters. However, the procedure and considerations for LC and MS parameters optimization have often not been discussed in depth in existing literature.

Effect of degrees of milling on the volatile compounds of cooked fragrant Simiao rice: differential volatiles obtained by GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics.

Background: Alterations in the degrees of milling (DOM) could significantly influence the odor of rice. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics method has been effectively employed to identify the differential volatiles among rice from various origins or varieties, although it has not been utilized to identify the differential volatiles among cooked rice with different DOM.

Results: Fifty volatile compounds were detected in cooked brown rice (CBR), cooked medium-milled rice (CMMR) and cooked well-milled rice (CWMR) of the four fragrant Simiao rice by GC-MS.

Dietary methionine supplementation improves cognitive dysfunction associated with transsulfuration pathway upregulation in subacute aging mice.

To explore the effects of methionine (Met) supplementation on cognitive dysfunction and the associated mechanisms in aging mice. The mice were administrated 0.15 g/kg/day D-galactose subcutaneously and fed a normal (0.

Wheat Embryo Albumin and Its Peptide Alleviate Acute Exercise Fatigue as Energy Supplement.

Wheat embryo albumin (WEA), rich in amino acids with a good balanced proportion, demonstrates plentiful biological activities. The effects of WEA and its peptide with the best antioxidant ability (F3) as a post-workout and pre-workout energy supplement on alleviating acute exercise fatigue were investigated. Under two experimental cases, the exhaustion-to-death swimming time and exhaustion swimming time were determined.

Characteristics and Biological Activities of a Novel Polysaccharide R1 Isolated from Hu.

Raspberry ( Hu) is a Chinese herb that is rich in nutrients and has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-allergic, hypoglycemic, and other effects. A water-soluble polysaccharide was extracted from raspberry by using hot water extraction then purified by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography. The structural characteristics of the polysaccharide (R1) are as follows: the molar ratio of the monosaccharide composition is Ara:Gal:Xyl:Glc:Man = 31.

Electromagnetic-Driven Spider-Inspired Soft Robot Using Electroelastic Materials and Conductive Actuators.

Soft robots have developed gradually in the fields of portability, high precision, and low noise level due to their unique advantages of low noise and low energy consumption. This paper proposes an electromagnetically driven elastomer, using gelatin and glycerol (GG) as matrix materials and a mixture of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Ag NWs (MA) as the conductive medium. Inchworm-inspired and spider-inspired soft robots have been developed, demonstrating fast movement speed, flexibility, and loading performance.

Subanesthetic propofol alleviates chronic stress-induced anxiety by enhancing VTADA neurons' activity.

Anxiety, a common mental disorder, imposes significant clinical and economic burdens. Previous studies indicate that propofol has anxiolytic effects at anesthetic doses. However, the risks associated with general anesthesia limit its application in anxiety treatment.

Understanding the dual impact of oat protein on the structure and digestion of oat starch at pre- and post-retrogradation stages.

Although extensive research has been conducted on the effects of protein-starch interaction on the gelatinization and microstructure of starch gels, the starch retrogradation process and protein component has been overlooked. Moreover, the dual regulatory effects of oat protein on starch gel microstructure and starch digestibility pre-and post-retrogradation still remains largely unexplored. In this study, the gelation behaviors, structure, and digestibility of oat protein-oat starch mixtures pre- and post-retrogradation were determined.

Yield, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of starch isolated from defatted meal made from microwaved tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) tubers.

In this work, the effects of microwave treatment (MDT) of tigernut tubers at 540 W for 140, 180, 220, 240 s on the yield, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of tigernut starch (TS) were firstly investigated. MDT significantly reduced the crystallinity and double helix structures of the starch, without altering its native A-type crystal structure. After microwaving for 140 s and 180 s, the extraction yield of TS was significantly increased from 14.

High internal phase emulsion as a fat replacer: Effect on physico-chemical properties, microstructure and protein digestibility of processed meat during reheating.

Excessive intake of saturated fatty acids poses health risks, necessitating the development of healthier animal fat substitutes. In this study, high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) stabilized by egg yolk-hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (EY-HPDSP) complex was used as a fat replacer in processed meat. The effect of fat replacement ratios (0 %, 50 %, 100 %) and reheating core temperature (75 ℃, 85 ℃, 95 ℃) on physico-chemical properties, microstructure and protein digestibility of processed meat was investigated.

New Concept on the Generation and Regulation of Circularly Polarized Luminescence.

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has attracted tremendous attention because of its significant application prospect across multiple fields of three-dimensional display, data storage, and information encryption. Chirality and luminescence are two necessary prerequisites for the generation of CPL. However, controlling these two factors simultaneously in a rational manner remains a challenge.

Dual-layer elemental sulfur-packed denitrification reactor to control sulfate generation and sulfide discharge by two-point inlet and internal recirculation.

In this study, an elemental sulfur (S) autotrophic denitrification reactor (SADR) and a wood chunk and S mixotrophic denitrification reactor (WSMDR) were constructed with dual-layers to effectively remove nitrate from water using two-inlets and internal recirculation. The denitrification rates were 66-114 and 70-104 g-N/(m·d) for the SADR and WSMDR, respectively. Sulfate production was 5.

Extraction of tiger nut oil using ultrasound-assisted immiscible binary solvents and its effect on the quality of extracted oil and starch.

Tiger nuts are rich in both oil and starch. In this paper, an immiscible binary solvent consisted of water and hexane was used to separate oil and starch from tiger nut with the assistance of ultrasound. The effects of various factors including ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, extraction temperature, water-hexane ratio and solid-liquid ratio on the oil yield were examined.

Selective aptasensor of deoxynivalenol based on dual signal enhancement of thionine electrochemistry using silver nanoparticle-loaded label at gold nanoparticle-loaded electrodes.

In this work, an efficient sensing platform deoxynivalenol (DON) detection was constructed through monitoring the current change of a competitive mechanism triggered by DON, leading the signal label detached from the electrode surface by square-wave voltammetry using thionine (Thi) as a redox indicator. The complementary strand of aptamer (cDNA) and Thi were loaded onto Fe/Ni bimetallic metal-organic framework loaded with sliver nanoparticles (AgNPs@FeNi-MOF) to construct AgNPs@FeNi-MOF/cDNA/Thi signal probes. In the presence of DON, the aptamer sequence was more predisposed to form an aptamer-DON complex, resulting in the displacement of the cDNA.

Evolutionary dynamics in spatial public goods games with environmental feedbacks.

Collective actions aimed at achieving goals such as resource sustainability and environmental protection often face conflicting interests between individuals and groups. These social dilemmas can be modeled using public goods games and collective risk dilemmas. However, in reality, multiple generations share a common pool of resources, leading to high costs for today's overexploitation that impacts future generations' welfare.

Decarboxylative Coupling of Ketoacids with Allylic Acetates.

We developed a novel, metal-free catalytic system for synthesizing a broad range of itaconates using α-ketoacids and allylic acetate. This method, leveraging phosphine and Mes-Acr(BF) catalysts, has proven versatile, enabling the efficient itaconation of peptides, the synthesis of bioactive itaconates, and the preparation of an itaconate-based bio-orthogonal probe.

Stereolithography 3D printing gyroid triply periodic minimal surface vitrified bond diamond grinding wheel.

The pores of vitrified bond diamond grinding wheel play a key role in the grinding process. However, uneven pore distribution and low porosity affect the grinding performance of the wheel significantly. Stereolithography based additive manufacturing provides an effective method to fabricate vitrified bond diamond grinding wheels with a uniform distribution and an interconnected pore structure.