N-glycosylation facilitates the activation of a plant cell-surface receptor.

Plant receptor kinases (RKs) are critical for transmembrane signalling involved in various biological processes including plant immunity. MALE DISCOVERER1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2) is a unique RK that recognizes a family of immunomodulatory peptides called SERINE-RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDEs (SCOOPs) and activates pattern-triggered immunity responses. However, the precise mechanisms underlying SCOOP recognition and activation of MIK2 remain poorly understood.

A canonical protein complex controls immune homeostasis and multipathogen resistance.

The calcium (Ca) sensor ROD1 (RESISTANCE OF RICE TO DISEASES1) is a master regulator of immunity in rice. By screening suppressors of mutants, we show that ROD1 governs immune homeostasis by surveilling the activation of a canonical immune pathway. Mutations in (), (), (), and () all abolish enhanced disease resistance of plants.

Electrode/Electrolyte Optimization-Induced Double-Layered Architecture for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-(Dual) Halogen Batteries.

Aqueous zinc-halogen batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources, intrinsic safety, and high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, the uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth and spontaneous shuttle effect of active species have prohibited their practical implementation. Herein, a double-layered protective film based on zinc-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (ZEA) artificial film and ZnF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer has been successfully fabricated on the zinc metal anode via electrode/electrolyte synergistic optimization.

Managing Edge States in Reduced-Dimensional Perovskites for Highly Efficient Deep-Blue LEDs.

Pure-halide reduced-dimensional perovskites, featuring large exciton binding energy and tunable bandgap, show great potential for high-efficiency deep-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, their efficiency, particularly in the low n-value phase domain ("n" represents the number of octahedral sheets), lags behind analogous perovskite emitters. Herein, it is demonstrated that the vibration of edge-dangling octahedra in the low n-value phase activates notorious exciton-phonon (EP) coupling, thereby deteriorating efficiency.

Lewis Acid Sites in Hollow Cobalt Phytate Micropolyhedra Promote the Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation.

The acid-base microenvironment of the metal center is crucial for constructing advanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. However, the correlation between acidic site and OER performance remains unclear for cobalt-based catalysts. Herein, Lewis acid sites in hollow cobalt phytate micropolyhedra (M-CoPA, M = Cu, Sr) were synthesized by a cation-exchange strategy, and their OER performances were studied systematically.

Substrate-Controlled Electrochemical Reaction of 2-Alkynylbenzamides, Inorganic Sulfites, and Alcohols.

Isoindolones constitute a dominant structural class in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. In this research, an electrochemical reaction involving 2-alkynylbenzamides, inorganic sulfites, and alcohols was first established to provide sulfonyl ester-substituted 3-hydroxyisoindolinone derivatives in moderate to good yields with excellent functional group tolerance. When bulky aryl-substituted 2-alkynylbenzamides are utilized as substrates, sulfonyl ester-substituted 3-alkylideneisoindolinones can be selectively generated with good chemoselectivity.

Synthesis of Aminodiborane through the Reaction of Ammonia Borane with Acids.

A facile method for the synthesis of aminodiborane (NHBH, ADB) has been developed through the reaction of ammonia borane (NHBH, AB) with an ether solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl·EtO) at room temperature. In addition, -alkyl substituted ADB derivatives were synthesized by reacting -alkyl substituted AB with HCl·EtO at 50 °C. The mechanistic studies indicated that the nucleophilic substitution reaction of the B-H bonding pair electrons and the dihydrogen bonding interaction play an important role.

Non-natural sialic acid derivatives with -nitrobenzyl alcohol substituents for light-mediated protein conjugation and cell imaging.

We have synthesized two sialic acid derivatives substituted with an -nitrobenzyl alcohol (o-NBA) group that can undergo light-mediated conjugation with primary amines at their 5- or 9-carbon position. The o-NBA derivatives were shown to react with multiple lysine residues of human serum albumin (HSA) when exposed to 365 nm light irradiation within 10 min. The resulting sugar conjugates were characterized by mass spectroscopy and used for fluorescence-based cell imaging.

An enzyme-responsive double-locked amonafide prodrug for the treatment of glioblastoma with minimal side effects.

Amonafide (ANF), a topoisomerase II inhibitor and DNA intercalator, has exhibited promise in phase II trials but faces significant limitations due to adverse side effects. Here, we have developed a novel enzyme-triggered fluorogenic prodrug, AcKLP, that incorporates dual-locked enzyme activation, ensuring that the prodrug remains inactive until it confronts the unique enzymatic environment of glioblastoma cells. This approach minimizes premature activation and reduces toxicity to normal cells, with an IC > 100 μM for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and ∼2.

Persistent response of the bottom free-living bacteria to typhoon events in a subtropical reservoir.

Typhoon-induced perturbations can result in long-lasting effects on aquatic communities in subtropical lakes or reservoirs. However, the responses of bacterial communities and their related nutrient cycling to episodic typhoon events throughout the water column in deep waters remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted a four-year field study to reveal the depth-specific responses of both free-living (FL) and particle-attached (PA) bacteria to typhoon events in a subtropical deep reservoir from 2015 to 2018.

Glycerol monolaurate enhances growth performance, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory response in common carp fed high lipid diets.

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on growth performance, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and related gene expression in common carp fed a high lipid diet. Juvenile common carp were distributed into 18 cages and fed one of six isonitrogenous diets: a normal lipid diet (control diet, CT), a high lipid diet (HL), and high lipid diets supplemented with 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g kg GML (designated as GML-0.

RegⅢγ promotes the proliferation, and inhibits inflammation response of macrophages by Akt, STAT3 and NF-κB pathways.

As an inflammatory regulator, intestinal regenerating islet-derived 3 gamma (RegⅢγ) contributes to alleviating liver injury in liver diseases and colitis. However, it is unclear whether hepatic RegⅢγ exerts a vital impact on liver regeneration (LR). In this study, the expression profile and localization of RegⅢγ in LR were demonstrated by microarray analysis, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining.

Bro̷nsted Acid-Catalyzed Regioselective [5 + 1] Annulation for the Synthesis of Indole-Fused Dihydrochromanes.

A Bro̷nsted acid-catalyzed [5 + 1] annulation of 2-(1-indol-2-yl)phenols, a class of indole-based 1,5-CO-synthons, with aldehydes has been established. By this approach, various indole-fused dihydrochromanes were synthesized in moderate to good yields (up to 99%) with excellent regioselectivities. Control experiments not only showed the H-bonding interaction between the NH group of the substrates─and the acid catalyst is vital to realize this transformation─but also indicated that an indolylmethanol-type intermediate was possibly formed via the first step of nucleophilic addition of indole C3-position to aldehydes during the reaction process.

Amorphous CoFePO hollow nanocubes decorated with g-CN quantum dots to achieve efficient electrocatalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction.

Simultaneously enriching active sites and enhancing intrinsic activity in a simple way is of great importance for the design of highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but it still faces challenges. Herein, g-CN quantum dot decorated amorphous hollow CoFe bimetallic phosphate nanocubes (a-CoFePO@CNQD) are prepared as an efficient OER electrocatalyst by a simple etching-phosphating process. Research shows that their unique hollow architecture and amorphous structure can help provide generous exposed active sites for OER, and the incorporation of g-CN quantum dots can effectively adjust the electronic structure to improve the intrinsic activity.

Hypervalent iodine catalysis enabled iterative multi-fluorination: not just a simple alternative for the electrochemical approach.

Unlike the well-established fluoroalkylation, the direct incorporation of multiple fluorine atoms into small molecules iterative fluorinations has been much less investigated. Herein, we report a hypervalent iodine catalytically selective multi-fluorination in which the fluorination degree is controlled by the delicate balance between the HF/amine ratios. The and of hypervalent iodine catalysis and the previously established electrochemical approach in the iterative multi-fluorinations are also provided.

Tailoring Ce-Centered Metal-Organic Frameworks for Fast Li Transport in Composite Polymer Electrolyte.

Regulating metal nodes to innovate the metal-organic framework (MOF) structure is of great interest to boost the performance of MOFs-incorporated composite solid electrolytes. Herein, Ce with a low-lying 4f orbital is selected as metal center to coordinate with organic ligand to prepare MOF of Ce-UiO-66. The unsaturated open metal sites and defected oxygen vacancies furnish Ce-UiO-66 with strengthened Lewis acidity, which promotes Ce-UiO-66 interacting effectively with both poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and Li salt anions.

Methodology comparison of environmental sediment fungal community analysis.

Fungi play important roles in ecosystems. Analyzing fungal communities in environments has long been a challenge due to the large difference in compositions retrieved using different methods or sequencing regions, obscuring the true abundance and species information. Our study aimed to compare and determine more accurate approach for evaluating fungal populations in river sediment.

Ultrafast Water Transport of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Based on Quasi-Vertically Oriented 2D Interlayer.

Interlayered thin-film composite (i-TFC) membranes based on 2D materials have been widely studied due to their high efficiency in mass transfer. However, the randomly stacked 2D nanosheets usually increase the fluid path length to some extent. Herein, -grown quasi-vertically oriented 2D ZIF-L was introduced as an interlayer for preparing high-performance reverse osmosis (RO) membranes.

Epitaxial Growth of Silver Clusters from Ag57 to Ag72 via Laminating Multiple Different Anion Templates.

The established capability of anion templates in precisely manipulating the size, geometry, and function of metal clusters is well acknowledged. However, the development of a systematic methodology for orchestrating the assembly of silver clusters, particularly those encompassing multiple distinct types of anion templates, remains elusive due to the formidable synthetic challenge. In this work, we report two novel silver clusters, Ag57 and Ag72, using two and three different anion templates, respectively.

Comparative plastome analysis of Arundinelleae (Poaceae, Panicoideae), with implications for phylogenetic relationships and plastome evolution.

Background: Arundinelleae is a small tribe within the Poaceae (grass family) possessing a widespread distribution that includes Asia, the Americas, and Africa. Several species of Arundinelleae are used as natural forage, feed, and raw materials for paper. The tribe is taxonomically cumbersome due to a paucity of clear diagnostic morphological characters.

Photoredox-Catalyzed Markovnikov Hydroamination of Alkenes with Azoles.

A visible-light induced intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes with azoles is reported, delivering pharmaceutically valuable N-benzyl azoles in high yields with excellent Markovnikov selectivity. Mechanistic studies suggest that the process is initiated by the energy transfer of the excited photocatalyst with alkenes, followed by the single electron reduction, protonation, and subsequent single electron oxidation to afford the key alkyl carbocation intermediate. This protocol exhibits advantages of broad functional group tolerance, excellent atom economy, high efficiency, and mild reaction conditions.

Mapping of β3-Adrenergic Receptor in Living Cells with a Ligand-Guided Fluorescent Probe.

Tracking the dynamic distribution of native proteins in living cells or tissues in real time is essential for understanding the functional mechanisms involved in their physiological or pathological processes. The β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) has important biological functions. It is expected to be a diagnostic indicator for aging, yet current probes for β-ARs are unable to dynamically monitor β3-AR in real time, which impedes the progress of β3-AR research.

Unexpected Exposure Risks to Emerging Aromatic Amine Antioxidants and -Phenylenediamine Quinones to Residents: Evidence from External and Internal Exposure as Well as Hepatotoxicity Evaluation.

Aromatic amine antioxidants (AAs), extensively used in rubber products, and their ozone-photolyzed product -phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-Qs) were found to be pervasive in various environments and with potential ecological and health risks. The relationship between external and internal exposure to these contaminants and their exposure risks to the general population remain poorly explored. Herein, dust-handwipe-urine samples ( = 97 pairs) from families in Tianjin, China was collected for analyzing 20 AAs and 6 PPD-Qs (including self-synthesized emerging PPD-Qs).

Photobiocatalytic Platform for the Efficient Enantio-Divergent Synthesis of β-Fluoromethylated Ketones.

β-Fluoromethyl (CHF, CHF, and CF)-substituted chiral ketones are essential moieties and are vital building blocks in pharmaceutical and agrochemistry. However, general and convenient methods for enantio-diverse access to diverse β-fluoromethylated ketones are lacking, hindering the further development of these functional moieties. In this study, we developed an ene-reductase-based photobiocatalytic platform for efficient synthesis of enantio-divergent β-fluoromethylated chiral ketones.