Autoinducer-2 signaling promotes intestinal colonization of and induces cell apoptosis in loach ().

Quorum sensing systems, particularly autoinducer-2 (AI-2) signaling, have significant effects on bacterial colonization and virulence. However, how they affect intestinal colonization by pathogens and subsequent host immune responses remains unclear. Here, we investigated the influence of AI-2 signaling on the intestinal colonization ability of Z12 and the host's immune response.

Rational Design of Bifunctional Imidazoles as Acyl Transfer Catalysts: Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of 5-Hydroxy-furanones/3-Hydroxy-phthalides.

A new class of chiral bifunctional imidazole catalysts has been designed and synthesized, utilizing economical amino alcohols as precursors, significantly expanding the diversity of N-1 position catalysts. These catalysts exhibit excellent substrate activation and stereoselectivity control and have been successfully employed in the asymmetric acylation of 5-hydroxy-furanones/3-hydroxy-phthalides through dynamic kinetic resolution, producing a series of chiral furanone and phthalide analogues featuring a quaternary stereocenter. This asymmetric acylation reaction exhibits excellent reactivity and enantioselectivity, has a wide range of applicability, requires a low catalyst loading, and can be readily converted into valuable building blocks.

Unlocking Gut Health: The Potent Role of Stilbenoids in Intestinal Homeostasis.

Stilbenoids are a class of naturally occurring phenolic compounds found in various plant species, characterized by a stilbene backbone with diverse substituents that confer a range of biological activities. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, making them promising candidates for improving intestinal health. The intestinal tract plays a critical role in nutrient digestion, absorption, and immune defense, and maintaining its integrity is vital for animal growth.

Effects of Resveratrol on Redox Status, Jejunal Injury, and Mitochondrial Function in Intrauterine Growth-Retarded Weaned Piglets.

This study investigated the effects of resveratrol (RSV) on redox status, jejunal injury, and mitochondrial function in intrauterine growth-retarded (IUGR) weaned piglets. In total, 12 male normal birth weight (NBW) newborn piglets and 24 male IUGR newborn piglets were selected. They were weaned at 26 days of age and then divided into three treatments in a three-week trial: (1) NBW piglets fed a basal diet; (2) IUGR piglets fed a basal diet; (3) IUGR piglets fed a basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg RSV.

Andrographolide reverses the susceptibility of Streptococcus suis to aminoglycoside antibiotics by proton motive force.

Background: The global rise in multidrug-resistant bacteria has significantly undermined the efficacy of traditional antibiotics. Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus suis (S. suis), a pathogen capable of infecting pigs and humans, has been identified as a critical threat, causing severe meningitis and rapid mortality.

Highly enhanced room-temperature single-atom catalysis of two-dimensional organic-inorganic multiferroics Cr(half-fluoropyrazine) for CO oxidation.

In modern chemistry, the development of highly efficient room-temperature catalysts is of great significance and remains a long-standing challenge in various typical reactions. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that the two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic, Cr(half-fluoropyrazine) [Cr(h-fpyz)], is a promising single-atom catalyst (SAC) operating at room temperature for CO oxidation. The rate-limiting barrier is merely 0.

The Taihangia mitogenome provides new insights into its adaptation and organelle genome evolution in Rosaceae.

We present the first Taihangia mitogenome, uncovering frequent rearrangements and significant length variation in Rosaceae, likely driven by hybridization and repeat content, alongside widespread mito-chloroplast phylogenetic conflicts. Taihangia, an ancient and endangered monotypic genus within the subfamily Rosoideae of the family Rosaceae, is endemic to cliffs and serves as an ideal material for studying the adaptations of cliff-dwelling plants and the evolutionary processes of the Rosaceae family. In this study, the mitogenome and plastome of T.

Inverse conjugate additions of acrylic amides and esters with F/Cl/O/N-nucleophiles and CF reagents.

The conjugate additions of nucleophiles to conjugate acceptors are among the most powerful hetero-carbon bond formation reactions. The conjugate addition normally occurs via a β-nucleophilic addition, resulting in the formation of a stabilized α-carbanion intermediate that can be subsequently quenched by electrophiles or protons. Nevertheless, the inverse conjugate addition involving an α-specific nucleophilic addition remains less explored because of the electronic mismatch.

Emerging Roles of Nanozyme in Tumor Metabolism Regulation: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Directions.

Nanozymes, nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme activity, have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their catalytic abilities comparable to natural enzymes, cost-effectiveness, high catalytic activities, and stability against environmental fluctuations. As functional analogs of natural enzymes, nanozymes participate in various critical metabolic processes, including glucose metabolism, lactate metabolism, and the maintenance of redox homeostasis, all of which are essential for normal cellular functions. However, disruptions in these metabolic pathways frequently promote tumorigenesis and progression, making them potential therapeutic targets.

Plus-strand RNA viruses hijack Musashi homolog 1 to shield viral RNA from cytoplasmic ribonuclease degradation.

A successful strategy employed by RNA viruses to achieve replication is to evade host cell RNase degradation. However, the mechanisms through which plus-strand RNA viruses effectively shield viral RNA from cellular ribonuclease degradation remain unclear. In this study, we identified the phenomenon whereby plus-strand RNA viruses, including avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), chicken astrovirus (CAstV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), hijacked host cellular Musashi homolog 1 (MSI1).

A Nanotherapeutic Agent for Synergistic Tumor Therapy: Co-Activation of Photochemical-Biological Effects.

Single-mode photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on photochemical reactions is limited by the tumor microenvironment, which reduces the ablation efficiency for solid tumors. Making it vital to seek ways to improve the tumor therapeutic effect. Based on this, we propose a dual-mode intelligent nanotherapeutic system (HAP@BMPns) based on photochemical-biological effects.

The impact of teacher care on teacher-student relationship: evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal data.

Based on a sample of middle school students from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) database, this study explores the relationship between parental perceived teacher care and teacher-student relationship and the role of teacher gender in it through cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Study 1 found that there was a significant positive correlation between teacher gender, parental perceived teacher care and teacher-student relationship. Analysis of simple moderation effects suggests that teacher gender plays a moderating role in the relationship between parental perceived teacher care and teacher-student relationships.

Facile preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan/dextran/poly(ionic liquid)-based hydrogel with intrinsic antibacterial and antioxidant properties for accelerating skin wound healing.

Bleeding, bacterial infections and inflammation of skin open wounds are still threat to the public. Traditional wound dressings lost their adaptability to wound shape and lack of therapeutic effects. Herein, the composite POCP hydrogel was prepared by introducing poly(ionic liquids)-poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium gluconate) with gluconate as the counter ion into a phenylboronic acid group-grafted carboxymethyl chitosan and oxidized dextran-based hydrogel for promoting skin wound healing.

Ghβ-LCY1 influences metabolism and photosynthetic in Gossypium hirsutum.

Carotenoids are metabolites of isoprene, which are crucial roles for plant growth and response to abiotic stress. Lycopene β-cyclase (β-LCY) is a key protease in the synthesis pathway of plant carotenoid, playing an important role in the carotenoid metabolism and synthesis pathway. However, the function of β-LCY is almost unknown in cotton (Gossypium spp.

Mechanisms of haze influencing phase distribution and human exposure to airborne flame retardants with different uses: Emission, partition, and dry deposition.

This study elucidated the mechanisms governing variations in the occurrence and human exposure to flame retardants (FRs) with diverse applications on haze days. The high atmospheric stability on haze days converts the atmospheric environment into a closed system, where local emissions (LM), gas-to-particle transport (GPT), and dry deposition of particles (DP) determine the fate and destination of FRs. When LM < GPT and DP, FRs are removed by DP, thereby decreasing human exposure.

Rational engineering of isoform-specific hSULT1E1 fluorogenic substrates for functional analysis and inhibitor screening.

Human estrogen sulfotransferase (hSULT1E1), an important conjugative enzyme, plays crucial roles in both estrogen homeostasis and xenobiotic metabolism. Herein, a rational substrate engineering strategy was adopted to construct highly specific fluorogenic substrates for hSULT1E1. In the 1 round of structure-based virtual screening, 4-hydroxyl-1,8-naphthalimide (4-HN) was identified as a suitable scaffold for constructing hSULT1E1 substrates.

Beyond borders: Decoding the influence of economic development, money confidence, financial market, and purchasing power on currency internationalization.

Due to dedollarization and deglobalization trends, countries are pursuing currency diversification to reduce reliance on the U.S. dollar and mitigate currency risks.

MmoD and MmoG Are Crucial for the Synthesis of Soluble Methane Monooxygenase in Methanotrophs.

Soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) from methanotrophs has been extensively investigated for decades. However, major knowledge gaps persist regarding the synthesis mechanism of sMMO, particularly concerning the ambiguous roles of mmoD and mmoG in the sMMO gene cluster. Here, the functions of mmoD and mmoG were investigated in a model methanotrophic strain, Methylotuvimicrobium buryatense 5GB1C.

Endogenous HClO-Gated Cascade MicroRNA Imaging for Precise Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis In Vivo.

Precise imaging of atherosclerotic plaques using biomarkers could prompt the diagnosis and clinical management of atherosclerosis (AS)-driven cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) plays a critical role in AS development, with its expression notably upregulated in foam cells within plaques. However, miRNA imaging methods for atherosclerotic plaques face significant challenges, including low specificity, inefficient delivery, and poor cell selectivity.

Chemoselective Functionalization of Tertiary C-H Bonds of Allylic Ethers: Enantioconvergent Access to sec,tert-Vicinal Diols.

While enantioenriched alcohols are highly significant in medicinal chemistry, total synthesis, and materials science, the stereoselective synthesis of tertiary alcohols with two adjacent stereocenters remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we present a dual catalysis approach utilizing photoredox and nickel catalysts to enable the unprecedented chemoselective functionalization of tertiary allylic C-H bonds in allyl ethers instead of cleaving the C-O bond. The resulting allyl-Ni intermediates can undergo coupling with various aldehydes, facilitating a novel enantioconvergent approach to access extensively functionalized homoallylic sec,tert-vicinal diols frameworks.

Photoredox-catalyzed deoxygenative radical transformation of alcohols to sulfinamides.

Sulfinamides play a crucial role in organic synthesis and pharmaceuticals. In this study, we introduce a highly effective method for the deoxygenative radical addition to -tritylsulfinylamine, which produces sulfinamides photoredox catalysis. This method is compatible with a diverse array of functional groups and the resulting sulfonamides were achieved in moderate to high yields.

Three-dimensional hierarchical urchin-like TiNbO microspheres encapsulated in N-doped carbon for high-rate lithium storage.

Wadsley-Roth phase TiNbO has been known as a potential anode material in high-power lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its enhanced safety, reliable cycling performance, and substantial theoretical capacity. However, its commercial application is restricted by poor electronic conductivity and slow Li-ion migration kinetics. Herein, we have developed urchin-structured TiNbO microspheres with an ultrathin N-doped carbon coating through a two-step hydrothermal and polydopamine carbonization process.

An albumin-prodrug injectable formulation for synergistic cancer immunotherapy.

The emergence of immunotherapy has significantly transformed cancer therapy, and achieved promising outcomes. However, low patient response rates and the potential immune-related adverse events remain critical challenges, warranting extensive research. In this study, we developed an albumin-prodrug injection formulation (PIF) to enhance cancer immunotherapy.

Boosting HO production via two-electron oxygen reduction with O-doped g-CN decorated with TiCT quantum dots.

Photocatalytic synthesis of HO with g-CN holds great promise for converting solar energy into chemical energy, but it remains constrained by the narrow optical absorption range and rapid charge recombination. To overcome these challenges, TiCT MXene quantum dots (TQDs), known for their ease of carrier regulation and strong visible light absorption, were incorporated into O-doped g-CN (O-CN) to form TQDs-modified O-CN (O-CN@TQDs) with a Schottky heterojunction. Attributed to such structural design, the HO production was promoted through the two-step two-electron oxygen reduction pathway, with O serving as the primary intermediate.

Multi-scale carbon@Sb mesoporous composites activated by localized electrochemical pulverization as high-rate and long-life anode materials for potassium-ion batteries.

Hard carbon and antimony (Sb) are two promising anode candidates for future potassium-ion batteries. Herein, we successfully solve the low-capacity problem of highly conductive carbon and poor cycling stability of high-capacity Sb through uniformly dispersing and embedding sub-nano and nanoscale Sb particles (∼36.4 wt%) inside nitrogen-doped two-dimensional hard carbon nanosheets to form a multi-scale carbon@Sb mesoporous composite, denoted as Sb@HCNS.