Perceived benefits, costs, and relationships on provincial doctors' inclination to participate in urban-rural medical consortia in Central China: a social exchange theory perspective.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the perceived benefits, costs, and relationships that influence doctors' inclination to participate in urban-rural medical consortia (URMC). Furthermore, the study analyzes how perceived relationships moderate the impact of perceived benefits and costs on the inclination to take part in URMC.

Methods: The study was conducted between September 2022 and June 2023 utilizing an online survey in Henan Province, Central China, which included 749 respondents from provincial hospitals.

Baseline [F]FDG PET/CT radiomics for predicting interim efficacy in follicular lymphoma treated with first-line R-CHOP.

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of machine learning-based PET/CT radiomics and clinical risk factors in predicting interim efficacy in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL).

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed data from 97 patients with FL diagnosed via histopathological examination between July 2012 and November 2023. Lesion segmentation was performed using LIFEx software, and radiomics features were extracted through the uAI Research Portal (uRP) platform, including first-order features, shape features, and texture features.

Adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization in resected macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma (ATAC-MACRO): a multicenter real-world retrospective study.

Rationale And Objectives: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the impact of postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) on the prognosis of patients with macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM-HCC).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study used the clinical records of patients with resected MTM-HCC with/without adjuvant TACE at three centers between January 2015 and December 2022. The primary end point was recurrence free survival (RFS).

First-line cadonilimab plus chemotherapy in HER2-negative advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy have been the standard of care in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma; however, the survival benefits are modest in patients with low programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Here we investigated the efficacy and safety of cadonilimab (PD-1/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) bispecific antibody) plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. The prespecified interim analysis is reported here.

A novel oncolytic Vaccinia virus armed with IL-12 augments antitumor immune responses leading to durable regression in murine models of lung cancer.

Oncolytic vaccinia viruses (VVs) are potent stimulators of the immune system and induce immune-mediated tumor clearance and long-term surveillance against tumor recurrence. As such they are ideal treatment modalities for solid tumors including lung cancer. Here, we investigated the use of VVL-m12, a next-generation, genetically modified, interleukin-12 (IL-12)-armed VV, as a new therapeutic strategy to treat murine models of lung cancer and as a mechanism of increasing lung cancer sensitivity to antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 (α-PD1) therapy.

Comparative analysis of deep learning and radiomic signatures for overall survival prediction in recurrent high-grade glioma treated with immunotherapy.

Background: Radiomic analysis of quantitative features extracted from segmented medical images can be used for predictive modeling of prognosis in brain tumor patients. Manual segmentation of the tumor components is time-consuming and poses significant reproducibility issues. We compare the prediction of overall survival (OS) in recurrent high-grade glioma(HGG) patients undergoing immunotherapy, using deep learning (DL) classification networks along with radiomic signatures derived from manual and convolutional neural networks (CNN) automated segmentation.

Pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in high-risk, early-stage, ER/HER2 breast cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Addition of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab improved outcomes in patients with high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer. However, whether the addition of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab to chemotherapy would improve outcomes in high-risk, early-stage, estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER/HER2) breast cancer remains unclear. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-756) in which patients with previously untreated ER/HER2 grade 3 high-risk invasive breast cancer (T1c-2 (≥2 cm), cN1-2 or T3-4, cN0-2) were randomly assigned (1:1) to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo Q3W given with paclitaxel QW for 12 weeks, followed by four cycles of doxorubicin or epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide Q2W or Q3W.

The efficacy and safety of suvemcitug, envafolimab, and FOLFIRI in microsatellite-stable or mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancer: preliminary results of a phase 2 study.

Purpose: This phase II study is designed to evaluate the combination therapy involving suvemcitug and envafolimab with FOLFIRI in microsatellite-stable or mismatch repair-proficient (MSS/pMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) in the second-line treatment setting.

Methods: This study is a non-randomized, open-label prospective study comprising multiple cohorts (NCT05148195). Here, we only report the data from the CRC cohort.

Ferroptosis: a novel pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for Parkinson disease: A review.

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and its incidence is climbing every year, but there is still a lack of effective clinical treatments. In recent years, many studies have shown that ferroptosis plays a key role in the progression of PD. Most importantly, many cellular and animal studies and clinical trials have shown that episodes of PD can be alleviated by inhibiting the ferroptosis process, such as utilizing inhibitors, chelating agents, and others.

A new selective mediastinal lymph node dissection for clinical peripheral stage IA invasive non-small-cell lung cancer: a propensity-score matching study.

Background: The optimal extent of lymph node resection for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a topic of debate in the medical community. We aimed to assess the surgical and prognostic outcomes based on the extent of mediastinal lymph node dissection (MLND) for resectable clinical stage IA NSCLC.

Methods: From 2016 to 2018, 1,166 patients with clinical stage IA NSCLC who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy with complete mediastinal lymph node dissection (C-MLND) or selective mediastinal lymph node dissection (S-MLND) at five hospitals were enrolled.

IBI310 plus sintilimab vs. placebo plus sintilimab in recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Background: It remains unclear whether adding CTLA-4 blockade to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade improves clinical outcomes in cervical cancer (CC).

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04590599), patients with recurrent/metastatic CC (R/M CC) who experienced disease progression after or during platinum-based chemotherapy were enrolled from 37 centers across China and randomly assigned (1:1), stratified by PD-L1 expression and prior treatment lines, to receive either IBI310 plus sintilimab or placebo plus sintilimab intravenously every 3 weeks for 12 weeks, followed by sintilimab alone.

A retrospective multicenter study on the efficacy and safety of disitamab vedotin monotherapy versus combination with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer.

Novel therapeutic agents including disitamab vedotin (RC48, an antibody-drug conjugate) and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., PD-1 inhibitors) have provided new hope as an advanced gastric-cancer (GC) treatment.

Intratumoral oncolytic virus OH2 injection in patients with locally advanced or metastatic sarcoma: a phase 1/2 trial.

Background: Intratumoral oncolytic herpes simplex virus 2-GM CSF (OH2) injection has shown safety and antitumor efficacy in patients with solid tumors. Here, we examined the safety and efficacy of OH2 as a single agent or in combination with HX008, an NMPA-approved PD-1 inhibitor, in locally advanced or metastatic sarcoma patients.

Methods: This multicenter, phase 1/2 trial enrolled patients with injectable sarcoma lesions, who had failed at least 1 or more lines of standard treatment.

Effect of trilaciclib administered before chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: A pooled analysis of four randomized studies.

Background: Trilaciclib is a transient cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor that reduces the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression (CIM). In this pooled analysis, we evaluated the multilineage myeloprotection, antitumor efficacy, and safety of trilaciclib treatment in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Moreover, myeloprotection effect in 1 L, 2 L/3 L population and effect by risk category were explored.

CHOP-Mediated Disruption of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Neuronal Activity Contributes to Chronic Pain-Related Cognitive Deficits.

Objectives: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced protein homeostasis perturbation is a core pathological element in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to clarify the unique role played by C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) as a biomarker of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the etiology of chronic pain and related cognitive impairments following chronic constrictive nerve injury (CCI).

Methods: The memory capability following CCI was assessed utilizing the Morris water maze (MWM) and fear conditioning test (FCT).

Prevalence and influencing factors of occupational burnout among healthcare workers in the Chinese mainland during the late 2022 Omicron COVID-19 outbreak: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

China witnessed an Omicron COVID-19 outbreak at the end of 2022. During this period, medical crowding and enormous pressure on the healthcare systems occurred, which might result in the occurrence of occupational burnout among healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aims to investigate the prevalence of occupational burnout and associated mental conditions, such as depressive symptoms, anxiety, PTSD symptoms, perceived social support, resilience, and mindfulness among HCWs of the Chinese mainland during the Omicron COVID-19 outbreak, and to explore the potential risk and protective factors influencing occupational burnout of HCWs.

Anthracene carboxyimide-based selenide as a fluorescent probe for the ultrasensitive detection of hypochlorous acid.

detection of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is critical for understanding its complex physiological and pathological roles. Fluorescent probes, known for their sensitivity and selectivity, are the preferred approach for such detections. Anthracene carboxyimide, an analog of naphthalimide, offers extended excitation and emission wavelengths, making it an excellent candidate for developing new fluorescent probes that address the limitations of naphthalimide.

Role of lysine-specific demethylase 1 in immunotherapy of gastric cancer: An update.

Gastric cancer (GC) ranks 3rd in incidence rate and mortality rate among malignant tumors in China, and the age-standardized five-year net survival rate of patients with GC was 35.9% from 2010 to 2014. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which includes T cells, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells and B cells, significantly affects tumor progression, immunosuppression and drug resistance in patients with GC.

A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study of Socazolimab or placebo combined with carboplatin and etoposide in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04878016) conducted in 54 hospitals in China. Adults who were histologically diagnosed and never treated for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) were enrolled.

Sovleplenib in patients with primary or secondary warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: results from phase 2 of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3 study.

Background: Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors are potential treatment options for warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. This study aimed to assess the preliminary efficacy and safety of sovleplenib-an oral spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor-in patients with warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in China. Here we report on the phase 2 results.

Exosome-Mediated Lectin Pathway and Resistin-MIF-AA Metabolism Axis Drive Immune Dysfunction in Immune Thrombocytopenia.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by reduced platelet levels and heightened susceptibility to bleeding resulting from augmented autologous platelet destruction and diminished thrombopoiesis. Although antibody-mediated autoimmune reactions are widely recognized as primary factors, the precise etiological agents that trigger ITP remain unidentified. The pathogenesis of ITP remains unclear owing to the absence of comprehensive high-throughput data, except for the belated emergence of autoreactive antibodies.

Efficacy and safety of first-line sintilimab plus anlotinib versus chemotherapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II, open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Background: The prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with standard platinum-based chemotherapy was suboptimal, with safety concerns. Following encouraging results from a preliminary phase I study, this phase II trial investigated the efficacy and safety of first-line sintilimab and anlotinib in metastatic NSCLC.

Methods: In this open-label, randomized controlled trial (NCT04124731), metastatic NSCLC without epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), or proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS (ROS1) mutations, and previous treatments for metastatic disease were enrolled.

Claudin 18.2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate CMG901 in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (KYM901): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 1 trial.

Background: CMG901 is a novel first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate with a humanised anticlaudin 18.2 antibody linked to microtubule-disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E. We aimed to assess the antitumour activity and safety of CMG901 in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and other solid tumours.

Inhibition of HIF-prolyl hydroxylase promotes renal tubule regeneration via the reprogramming of renal proximal tubular cells.

The ability of the mammalian kidney to repair or regenerate after acute kidney injury (AKI) is very limited. The maladaptive repair of AKI promotes progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, new strategies to promote the repair/regeneration of injured renal tubules after AKI are urgently needed.