Botulinum toxin modulates the blink reflex via the trigeminal afferent system in hemifacial spasm: an early and late-term effect.

Background: There is growing evidence that botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) can mediate changes at the central level through peripheral mechanisms, leading to alterations in central sensorimotor integration. However, the effect of BoNT on brainstem excitability in patients with hemifacial spasm(HFS) is not yet fully understood, and its long-term effects remain unknown.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of BoNT on the excitability of the facial nucleus in patients with idiopathic HFS.

Diagnostic Utility of Clinical Neurophysiology in Jerky Movement Disorders: A Review from the MDS Clinical Neurophysiology Study Group.

Background: Myoclonus and other jerky movement disorders are hyperkinetic disorders, the diagnosis of which heavily relies on clinical neurophysiological testing. However, formal diagnostic criteria are lacking, and recently the utility and reliability of these tests have been questioned.

Objective: The aim of this review was to assess the utilization of clinical neurophysiology testing to identify possible gaps and boundaries that might guide the development of new methods for a more precise diagnosis and in-depth understanding of myoclonus.

Bibliometric analysis of research developments in oral and maxillofacial neuralgia from 2004 to 2023.

This study employs bibliometric techniques to dynamically represent the research landscape of oral and maxillofacial neuralgia. Its goal is to pinpoint research hotspots and delineate forthcoming trends. A systematic search of the Web of Science Core Collection was performed using targeted keywords to retrieve literature from January 2004 to December 2023.

[Microvascular decompression in hemifacial spasm: functional outcome].

Introduction: Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a rare condition, characterized by unilateral, paroxysmal and involuntary contraction of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve (FN). The most common cause is a vascular conflict in the exit zone of the FN. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of neurovascular decompression (NVD).

Treatment Challenges in Hemifacial Spasm: The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is an important condition for plastic surgeons to understand, as it significantly affects patients' quality of life and can complicate aesthetic and reconstructive procedures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become vital in diagnosing HFS, assessing neurovascular relationships, and planning treatment. Transverse MRI scans often show an upward displacement of the inferior pons at the facial nerve attachment point, signaling neurovascular compression (NVC) in HFS.

Correlation between Delayed Relief after Microvascular Decompression and Morphology of the Lateral Spread Response in Patients with Hemifacial Spasm-Temporal versus Mandibular Branch Stimulation.

Although microvascular decompression (MVD) is a reliable treatment for hemifacial spasm (HFS), delayed postoperative relief is one of its main issues. We previously evaluated the morphology of the lateral spread response (LSR) and reported the correlation between delayed relief after MVD and polyphasic morphology of the LSR. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the morphology of the LSR with stimulation of the temporal and mandibular branches of the facial nerve and delayed relief of persistent HFS after MVD.

Isolated Hemifacial Spasm as the Presenting Sign of Cerebral Glioblastoma.

The authors report a rare case of a 58-year-old female with mild right-sided hemifacial spasms and eyelid myokymia and a concomitant high-grade glial mass. This report outlines the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management of right hemifacial spasms and eyelid myokymia. The patient had a 5-month history of gradually worsening right hemifacial spams accompanied by mild right lower eyelid twitching.

Dynamic changes of abnormal muscle response during decompression procedures in double compression-type hemifacial spasm.

Background: Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a neurovascular movement caused by vascular compression of the facial nerve in its root exit zone (REZ). Cases of HFS caused by double compression (DC) in both REZ and the cisternal portion (CP) have been sporadically reported. The nature of DC-type HFS is still not fully understood.

The effect of botulinum neurotoxin A injections on meibomian glands and dry eye.

Purpose: To assess the influence of Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) injection on meibomian gland function and dry eye in patients diagnosed with Blepharospasm (BPS) and Hemifacial spam (HFS).

Methods: Adult patients aged 18 years or older who suffer from periocular dystonia, and were treated with BoNT-A injections, were recruited in this interventional prospective study between 2023 and 2024. Each patient was followed up for a period of three months.

Robot-assisted stylomastoid foramen puncture and radiofrequency ablation for hemifacial spasm treatment: clinical outcomes and technique assessment.

Objective: Stylomastoid foramen (SMF) puncture with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive therapy for hemifacial spasm (HFS) with notable therapeutic outcomes. Conventionally, this procedure is performed under CT guidance. The present study highlights the authors' preliminary clinical experience with robot-assisted SMF puncture in 7 patients with HFS using a neurosurgical robot.

Revision Surgery of Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Although microvascular decompression is highly effective for treating hemifacial spasm, cases of ineffectiveness and recurrence can still occur. Ineffectiveness is primarily due to missed neurovascular compression (NVC), whereas recurrence is most often caused by adhesion of Teflon pledgets (Chestmedical Co., Ltd.

Efficacy and safety of botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of hemifacial spasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by unilateral facial muscle spasms, negatively impacts quality of life due to social embarrassment. Botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) injections have emerged as a viable therapeutic approach. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy and safety of BoNT injections for HFS management, along with effects on patients' quality of life and mental health.

The progress in epidemiological, diagnosis and treatment of primary hemifacial spasm.

Hemifacial Spasm is a neurological disorder characterized by persistent and rhythmic spasms of the facial muscles, significantly affecting the patient's quality of life. This condition can be classified into primary and secondary types; this article focuses on the characteristics of primary hemifacial spasm. Epidemiological studies indicate that the condition is more common in women, older adults, and individuals with posterior fossa stenosis or uneven blood flow dynamics, and is associated with gene expression related to demyelinating lesions.

Efficacy and safety of reoperation for residual or recurrent hemifacial spasm after microvascular decompression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The efficacy and safety of revision microscopic microvascular decompression (microscopic MVD) for treating residual or recurrent hemifacial spasm (HFS) remain uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the benefits and risks associated with this reoperation, focusing primarily on spasm relief, facial palsy, and hearing impairment. This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines.

Optimizing surgical technique in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm - Results from a surgical series with contemporary use of neuronavigation and intraoperative neuromonitoring.

Background: Microvascular decompression (MVD) through a retrosigmoid approach is considered the treatment of choice in cases of hemifacial spasm (HFS) due to neurovascular conflict (NVC). Despite the widespread of neuronavigation and intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) techniques in neurosurgery, their contemporary application in MVD for HFS has been only anecdotally reported.

Methods: Here, we report the results of MVD performed with a combination of neuronavigation and IONM, including lateral spread response (LSR) in 20 HFS patients.

Impact of microvascular decompression on wall shear stress in responsible arteries in trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm.

Microvascular decompression (MVD) has proven efficacy in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). This study utilized computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the impact of MVD on wall shear stress (WSS) of responsible arteries (RAs) at the neurovascular contact (NVC). A total of 21 cases (10 TN, 11 HFS) were analyzed, involving RAs at NVC validated through intraoperative photographs.

Enhancing surgical precision: a novel electromyography finding for confident identification of the root exit zone during microvascular decompression surgery.

Objective: The lateral spread response (LSR) is an important electrophysiological sign that predicts successful decompression in patients undergoing microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS). However, LSRs do not consistently correlate with clinical outcomes, and there are cases in which LSRs are absent. In this study, the authors identified a unique pattern on facial nerve electromyography (EMG) when the root exit zone (REZ) is touched.