The frequency of sleep-disordered breathing in preschool children with asthma and its effects on control of asthma.

Conclusion: The frequency and score of SDB were higher in patients with uncontrolled asthma. Frequency and score of SDB were significantly affected by the severity of asthma. SDB must be evaluated in preschool children with uncontrolled asthma.

The Association of Pre-Pregnancy Obesity and Breast Milk Fatty Acids Composition and the Relationship of Postpartum Maternal Diet, Breast Milk Fatty Acids and Infant Growth.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of prepregnancy obesity on fatty acid profile in breast milk, to determine the relationship between maternal diet and fatty acids in breast milk, and to investigate the relationship between fatty acids in breast milk and infant growth. Twenty normal-weight mothers, 20 obese mothers, and their infants were recruited. Breast milk samples were collected at 50-70 days postpartum.

The Relationship Between Hypothyroidism and Cardiac Findings in Children With and Without Down Syndrome.

Objective: Down syndrome is a genetic syndrome characterized with various dysmorphisms and congenital malformations such as congenital heart diseases. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between Down syndrome, hypothyroidism, and cardiac ���ndings.

Methods: Thyroid hormone pro���les and echocardiographic ���ndings were evaluated.

Confirmation of drug allergy in a general pediatrics outpatient clinic.

Background: Studies including diagnostic workups on true drug allergy in children are limited.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of confirmed drug allergy in children with a history of suspected drug allergy who had applied to the general pediatric outpatient clinics of our hospital owing to various health problems.

Methods: The history of drug allergy was asked among children who applied to the general pediatric outpatient clinics of our hospital.

Central Nervous System Fungal Infections in Children With Leukemia and Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Background: Central nervous system fungal infections (CNSFI) are seen in patients with hematologic malignancies and have high morbidity and mortality. Because of their rarity, there is limited data on CNSFI in children with no established treatment protocols or guidelines.

Materials And Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, 51 pediatric patients with leukemia, 6 of whom had undergone bone marrow transplantation, with proven or probable CNSFI were evaluated.

Young children's sleep patterns and problems in paediatric primary healthcare settings: a multicentre cross-sectional study from a nationally representative sample.

Studies describing paediatric sleep patterns are needed by taking culture into consideration. The aim of this study was to identify parent-reported sleep-wake patterns in young children and explore possible factors influencing sleep problems. The mothers of 2,434 young children enrolled from well-child outpatient clinics in Turkey completed an online survey including sociodemographic variables, Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Generalised Anxiety Disorder scales.

Impact of interprofessional in situ simulations on acute pediatric burn management: Combining technical and non-technical burn team skills.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of interprofessional in situ simulations on the technical and non-technical skills of pediatric burn teams in acute burn management.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study consisted of a one-group pre- and post-test design conducted in a pediatric burn center in Turkey. The sample consisted of nine interprofessional burn team members.

The association of pre-pregnancy BMI on leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in breast milk: a case-control study.

The nutrient composition of breast milk alters during lactation, and maternal BMI adds more intricacy into its complexity. We aimed to compare leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels of pre-feed and post-feed breast milk in mothers with obesity and normal weight, and tried to determine their effects on infants' growth over weight for length -score. Twenty obese and twenty normal weight mothers with 2-month-old infants were enrolled in this case-control study.

Evaluation of Unscheduled Return Visits to the Pediatric Emergency Department and Risk Factors for Admission After Return Visit.

Objective: Unscheduled return visits to the emergency department (unscheduled RTED) increase both the workload and overcrowding in the emergency department. The aim in the present study is to identify the patient groups that require more careful and closer follow-up to reduce the rates of unscheduled RTED and hospital admissions after a return visit.

Methods: Among the patients admitted to the emergency department of our hospital between 2016 and 2017, those who made an unscheduled RTED within 72 hours after their first visit to the emergency department were evaluated retrospectively.

The importance of lower extremity involvement type on exercise performances, function, and quality of life in peripheral predominant forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can cause reduced exercise capacity, deterioration in functional activities, and poor health-related quality of life. This study aims to objectively reveal lower extremity involvement in the peripheral predominant forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis through qualitative evaluations and to determine the effects of these involvements on exercise, function, and quality of life.

Methods: Thirty-two patients with a history of peripheral arthritis and aged between 7 and 16 years participated in the study.

Thrombin generation in children with febrile neutropenia.

Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common and serious complication in patients with leukemia. Hemostasis and inflammation are two interrelated systems in response to infection. We aimed to investigate the course of thrombin formation in febrile neutropenia attack of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Evaluation of Allergic Disease Prevalence and Related Risk Factors in Children with Autoimmune Thyroiditis.

Background: Allergic and autoimmune diseases are caused by an impaired immunological response resulting from different types of T-helper (Th) cells. Since the Th cell production is in a certain balance, an inverse relationship between the 2 disease groups may exist. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of allergic diseases in children with autoimmune thyroiditis (AT).

Effects of Obesity on Airway and Systemic Inflammation in Asthmatic Children.

Background: Obese asthma is a complex syndrome with certain phenotypes that differ in children and adults. There is no clear evidence regarding the presence of additive or synergistic pathological interaction between obesity and asthma in children.

Objectives: Our aim was to demonstrate the interaction of obesity and asthma in children in terms of airway and systemic inflammation by a controlled observational study.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I and III.

Type I and III leukocyte adhesion deficiencies (LADs) are primary immunodeficiency disorders resulting in early death due to infections and additional bleeding tendency in LAD-III. The curative treatment of LAD-I and LAD-III is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In this retrospective multicenter study, data were collected using the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry; we analyzed data from 84 LAD patients from 33 centers, all receiving an allo-HSCT from 2007 to 2017.

The respiratory problems of patients with cerebral palsy requiring hospitalization: Reasons and solutions.

Objective: Recurrent respiratory problems are common in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Detection of risk factors could prevent respiratory problems and reduce permanent lung damage. We aimed to provide a multidisciplinary approach for the causes, frequency, and concomitant problems and solutions of respiratory problems of these patients.

Evaluation of the difficulty of peripheral venous cannulation during anesthesia induction in children: Is DIVA score sufficient?

Background: The primary objective of the present study was to determine the rate and the independent predictors of the difficult peripheral intravascular access (PIVA) in the operating room (OR). The secondary objective was to validate the ability of the difficult intravenous access (DIVA) scoring system in the detection of difficult PIVA in the operating room.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients between 0 and 18 years old who were operated in the pediatric hospital were evaluated.

Prognostic factors for survival in children who relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute leukemia.

Background: Post-transplant relapse has a dismal prognosis in children with acute leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Data on risk factors, treatment options, and outcomes are limited.

Procedure: In this retrospective multicenter study in which a questionnaire was sent to all pediatric transplant centers reporting relapse after allo-HSCT for a cohort of 938 children with acute leukemia, we analyzed 255 children with relapse of acute leukemia after their first allo-HSCT.

Change in Allergy Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: International guidelines in asthma and allergy has been updated for COVID-19 pandemic and pandemic has caused dramatic changes in allergy and immunology services. However, it is not known whether specialty-specific recommendations for COVID-19 are followed by allergists.

Objectives: By conducting this study, we aimed to determine the attitudes and experiences of adult/pediatric allergists on allergy management during COVID-19.

Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing and associated risk factors in primary school children in urban and rural environments.

Introduction: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in primary school children is a significant problem, yet its prevalence is not well known outside large urban settings. Information on the burden and risk factors of SDB in children could be used to improve resource allocation when providing care across a large country. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of SDB among school-aged children comparing rural and urban settings, and to investigate associated risk factors.

Takayasu Arteritis: A Case Presenting With Neurological Symptoms and Proteinuria.

In this article, we present an 18-year-old female patient who was initially diagnosed as central nervous system vasculitis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis but later diagnosed as Takayasu arteritis.

Can serum periostin, YKL-40, and osteopontin levels in pre-school children with recurrent wheezing predict later development of asthma?

Background: Currently, there are no reliable clinical tools available for predicting asthma in pre-school-aged children with recurrent wheezing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of serum periostin, YKL-40, and osteopontin biomarkers in wheezy pre-school-aged children for predicting the development of asthma in school ages.

Methods: The study was prospectively conducted between 2011 and 2017.