Associations of step accelerations and cardiometabolic risk markers in early adulthood.

Physical activity (PA) has a positive effect on risk factors related to cardiometabolic health yet amount of PA and time of onset is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of PA estimates and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large healthy population of an understudied age group of young adults using a standard gravity-based method on body adiposity and risk markers. In 856 (532 women, 324 men, 32-35 years) subjects we evaluated the association of PA and cardiometabolic risk factors in early adulthood.

Wagner diagram for modeling Opathway-calculation and graphical display by the Helsinki OPathway Tool.

Maximal Ouptake (V˙O2max) reflects the individual's maximal rate of Otransport and utilization through the integrated whole-body pathway composed of the lungs, heart, blood, circulation, and metabolically active tissues. As such,V˙O2maxis strongly associated with physical capacity as well as overall health and thus acts as one predictor of physical performance and as a vital sign in determination of status and progress of numerous clinical conditions. Quantifying the contribution of single parts of the multistep Opathway toV˙O2maxprovides mechanistic insights into exercise (in)tolerance and into therapy-, training-, or disuse-induced adaptations at individual or group levels.

Classification of middle- and long-distance runners based upon their performance.

The scientific literature lacks consensus on classification of middle- and long-distance runners. This creates situations where the sample studied may not represent the target population and could produce misleading conclusions. Thus, we present an approach for a data-driven classification of middle- and long-distance runners according to their competition results.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is linked with heart rate variability during stress in "at-risk" adults.

Background: Physiological mechanisms explaining why cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are incompletely understood. We examined if CRF modifies vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) during acute physical or psychosocial stress or night-time sleep in adults with cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: Seventy-eight adults (age 56 years [IQR 50-60], 74% female, body mass index 28 kg/m [IQR 25-31]) with frequent cardiovascular risk factors participated in this cross-sectional study.

Cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen difference contribute to lower peak oxygen uptake in patients with fibromyalgia.

Background: Patients with fibromyalgia (FM) exhibit low peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O). We aimed to detect the contribution of cardiac output to ([Formula: see text]) and arteriovenous oxygen difference [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] from rest to peak exercise in patients with FM.

Methods: Thirty-five women with FM, aged 23 to 65 years, and 23 healthy controls performed a step incremental cycle ergometer test until volitional fatigue.

Hemoglobin mass and performance responses during 4 weeks of normobaric "live high-train low and high".

Purpose: To investigate whether 4 weeks of normobaric "live high-train low and high" (LHTLH) causes different hematological, cardiorespiratory, and sea-level performance changes compared to living and training in normoxia during a preparation season.

Methods: Nineteen (13 women, 6 men) cross-country skiers competing at the national or international level completed a 28-day period (∼18 h day ) of LHTLH in normobaric hypoxia of ∼2400 m (LHTLH group) including two 1 h low-intensity training sessions per week in normobaric hypoxia of 2500 m while continuing their normal training program in normoxia. Hemoglobin mass (Hb ) was assessed using a carbon monoxide rebreathing method.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Estimation Based on Heart Rate and Body Acceleration in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Validation Study.

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Adding CRF to conventional risk factors (eg, smoking, hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidemia) improves the prediction of an individual's risk for adverse health outcomes such as those related to cardiovascular disease. Consequently, it is recommended to determine CRF as part of individualized risk prediction.

Measuring psychosocial stress with heart rate variability-based methods in different health and age groups.

Autonomic nervous system function and thereby bodily stress and recovery reactions may be assessed by wearable devices measuring heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV). So far, the validity of HRV-based stress assessments has been mainly studied in healthy populations. In this study, we determined how psychosocial stress affects physiological and psychological stress responses in both young (18-30 years) and middle-aged (45-64 years) healthy individuals as well as in patients with arterial hypertension and/or either prior evidence of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes.

Altered Expiratory Flow Dynamics at Peak Exercise in Adult Men With Well-Controlled Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes may, in time, cause lung dysfunction including airflow limitation. We hypothesized that ventilatory flow morphology during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) would be altered in adult men with well-controlled type 1 diabetes. Thirteen men with type 1 diabetes [glycated hemoglobin A 59 (9) mmol/mol or 7.